Chapter 1- Concepts of Health and Wellness

7/31/2019 Chapter 1- Concepts of Health and Wellness

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CHAPTER 1

CONCEPTS OF HEALTH and

WELLNESS


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Cottrell (2oo1) claims that the WHOdefinition is an ideal state which is:

just a but can never beachieved since no one can ever attaina

since there are different levels ofhealth ranging from good health topoor health, then the definition of

health should be eXpressedas astate of mental, physical, spiritual andsocial well-being and not merely theabsence of disease or infirmity.


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mental

Environmental

emotional spiritual

social

physical seXual

Societal

THE DIMENSIONS OF HEALTH


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DIMENSIONS OF HEALTH

- dimensions of health in theouter circle which are environmentalandsocietaldimensions;

dimensions of health inthe inner circle which are:

which refers to thestate of ones body like its fitnessand not being ill.


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b) referring to the positive

sense of purpose and underlying beliefin ones own worth (self-esteem) likefeeling good and feeling able to cope.

c) which is the ability to

eXpress ones feelings appropriatelyand to develop and sustainrelationships.

Example: feeling of being loved.


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d) which involves the supportsystem that is available from familymembers and friends. Having friendsto talk to and being involved with theactivities in the community or school

contributes to social health (No manis an island).e) which is the recognition

of a Supreme Being or Force and the

ability to put into practice ones moralprinciples or beliefs.


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f) which refers to the acceptanceof and the ability to achieve a satisfactoryeXpression of ones seXuality.

g) which is the link betweenhealth and the way a society is structured.

This includes the basic infrastructurenecessary for health (e.g. shelter, food,peace, income) and the degree ofintegration or division within the society

h) which refers to the

physical environment where people live; itincludes housing, transport , sanitation,pollution and pure water facilities.


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HEALTH (WHO)

The World Health Organization (WHO,1946) defines health as a state of completephysical, mental, and social well-being and notmerely the absence of disease and infirmity.

This concept of all dimensions being in astate of seemsunattainable and can only eXist in

an ideal state.


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Cottrell (2oo1) claims that the WHOdefinition is an ideal state which is:

just a but can never beachieved since no one can ever attaina

since there are different levels ofhealth ranging from good health topoor health, then the definition of

health should be eXpressedas astate of mental, physical, spiritual andsocial well-being and not merely theabsence of disease or infirmity.


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Key Words:

is the biological integrityofan individual where there is optimumfunctioning of his physical and physiological abilitiesand freedom from any disease or disability.

is the subjective sense ofwell-being; may also refer to intellectualcapabilities.


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is the ability to interacteffectively with other people and the social

environment; development and sustenanceof satisfying interpersonal relationship; andeffective and efficient role fulfillment.

a way that

may be concerned with ones belief in atranscending, unifying force (whether itsbasis is in nature, scientific law, or a godlikesource.

It has also been associated with the conceptof self-actualization and concern for issueswhich affect ones value system.


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HEALTH (Orem)

is considered as the goal of public

health in general and of community healthin particular. Modern concept of health:

(OLOF) of individuals,

families, and communities which isaffected by several factors in theecosystem.


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Factors in the Ecosystem which Affect the

Optimum Level of Functioning (OLOF)

involve power and authority toregulate the environment or social climate. Examples:safety, oppression, people empowerment.

refers to a persons level offunctioning and is affected by certain habits,their lifestyle, health care and child rearingpractices which are determined by ones culture

and ethnic heritage.Examples: culture, habits, mores, andethnic customs.


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3) refers to theunderstanding of genetically

influenced diseases and genetic risk. Itincludes congenital defects, strengths,and health risks which can be familial,ethnic or racial.

4)

Primary health care is a partnershipapproach to the effective provision of

essential health services that arecommunitybased, accessible,acceptable, sustainable and affordable.


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The focus of healthcare is in the promotive,preventive, curative, and rehabilitative aspects ofcare.

5) Factors or situations which eXert negative

effects on the environment and which put atremendous strain on the destruction of theenvironmental resources:

The menace of pollution,communicable diseases due to poor sanitation,

poor garbage collection,smoking ,utilization of pesticides,


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lack or absence of proper and

adequate waste and seweragedisposal system and management

urban/rural milieu,

noise

radiation

air and water pollution


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6)

Families in lower income groupare the ones mostly served.

Examples: employment, educationand housing.


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Health as a Basic Human Rights is

embodied in:

Art. 25, Sec. 1 which states that:Everyone has the right to a standard of

living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family,including food, clothing, housing, andmedical care and necessary social services

and the right to security in the event ofunemployment, sickness, disability,widowhood, old age, or lack of livelihoodin circumstances beyond his control.


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Art. XIII, Sec. 11, states that: The Stateshall adopt an integrated andcomprehensive approach to healthdevelopment which shall endeavor to makeessential goods, health and other socialservices available to all the people ataffordable cost. There shall be priority for

the needs of the underprivileged sick,elderly, disabled, women, and children. TheState shall endeavor to provide free medicalservices to paupers.


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Believes that governments have aresponsibility for the health of their peoplewhich can be fulfilled only by the provisionof adequate health and social measures.

It emphasizes three basic positiveconcepts of health which are:

1) Reflecting concern for the individualas a total person;

2) Placing health in the conteXt of theenvironment, and,

3) Equating health with productive andcreative living.


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Health and Wellness as conceived in

todays world

Greenberg, Donatelle, Davisviewed thephilosophy of wellness as a positive quality (asopposed to illness being always negative) and

visualized it as the integration of the spiritual,intellectual, physical, emotional, environmentaland social dimensions of health to form a wholehealthy person.

This philosophy of wellness is grounded on the

belief that everyone can achieve optimal healthand some level of wellness when they havedeveloped the siX dimensions of health to the bestof their ability.


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Dunn emphasized high-level

wellness (HLW) as an integratedmethod of functioning which isoriented capable of. It is the ability

to maintain a continuum ofbalance and purposeful directionwithin the environment wherehe/she is functioning.


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Health and wellness are two conceptswhich have been used interchangeably to

mean the ability to live life fully withvitality and meaning. But there is really adifference:

1) Some aspects of health are determined by

genes, age and other factors which may bebeyond ones control.

2) Whereas, wellness is largely determined

by the decisions you make about how tolive your life, wellness is now the newhealth goal.


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3)Wellness is really a (awareness of thechoices available for a healthy

lifestyle), a way of life which involveoptions that an individual takes toenjoy a healthy life; the perception that

one is capable of achieving ones fullpotentials through the options one has in

relation to being well; it is the integration

of mind, body and spirit; the level of self-actualization where one feels that hehas lived a full and accomplished life.


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Can one be well in spite of being

ill?

The answer is YES!!


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Blessed are those who trust in the Lord

They are like trees planted along ariverbank, with roots that reach deep in tothe water. Such trees are not bothered bythe heat or worried by long months of

drought. Their leaves stay green, and theygo right on producing delicious fruit.

Jeremiah 17:7-8(NLT)

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Chapter 1- Concepts of Health and Wellness