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Chapter 1
Chemistry – study of the composition of substances and the changes they undergo
Organic chemistry – study of carbon (C) containing substances.
Inorganic chemistry – study of non-carbon containing substances.
Analytical chemistry – concerns the composition of substances.
Physical chemistry – concerns theories and experiments that describe the behavior of chemicals.
Biochemistry – study of the chemistry of living organisms.
Define the Problem• Gather Information
Determine facts, if possibleMake detailed observations
Propose Solutions• Organize Information and look for Patterns• Hypotheses
Evaluate your Proposed Solutions• Test your Patterns by using them to Predict
What Will Happen (a.k.a. – perform experiments)
A process of studying natural phenomena that involves making observations, forming laws and theories, and testing theories by experimentation
Make ObservationsQualitative DescriptionsQuantitative Measurements
Formulate HypothesesPossible Explanations for Observed
Characteristics or BehaviorsPerform Experiments
Test Hypothesis
Repeat the process until we get a well-tested explanation
Theory a set of assumptions put forth to explain some aspect of the observed behavior of matterMay need to be modified or discarded as new
information (observations) becomes known
While experimenting we may observe the same behavior all the time, and therefore be able to predict this behavior will always occur in the future
Natural law a generally observed behaviorWithout explanation as to why the behavior
occurs!
Natural laws predict what will happen
Theories explain why something happens