Chapter 1Chapter 1 Principles of computer and

Select  the computer.

Hardware: Input, Processing, and Output Devices

Indicators. Describe the elements and principles of

computer

Telling features of the computer and peripherals .

Use hardware and software to fit the task.

TheThe  use ofuse of  computers computers inin  everyday lifeeveryday life..

Register on the Internet . Transfer money in your bank account . Purchase.Shopping . Order food Pay taxes . Chat Etc.

Why Learn About Hardware? Can improve productivity, increase

revenue, reduce costs, and provide better service

Managers are expected to know about hardware To help define business needs To ask questions and evaluate options when

buying equipment

Introduction Hardware: any machinery (most of which

use digital circuits) that assists in the input, processing, storage, and output

activities of an information system When making hardware decisions,

businesses must consider how the hardware can support: Objectives of the information system Goals of the organization

Computer Systems: Integrating The Power of Technology

Choosing the right computer hardware requires understanding its relationship to

the information system and needs of the organization Hardware objectives are subordinate to,

but supportive of, the information system and the current and future needs of the organization

Hardware Components Central processing unit (CPU) Input devices

Output devices Communications devices Storage devices:

Primary storage devices Secondary storage devices

Hardware Components (continued)

Figure 3.1: Hardware Components

CycleCycle  ofof  the computerthe computer.. In the computer. Has 4  basic steps 

of a brief procedure  that  consists of  IPOS cycle.

Input Processing Output Storage .

Input Processing

Storage

Output

Question ? 1. The basic steps in a computer are what a

few steps.

ElementsElements   of the of the  computecompute r system. r system.

1 . 1 . Input unitInput unit

Computer to receive data to be processed. Equipment  to receive  the information used in  the present example, keyboard,

mouse, scanner, digitalcamera , microphone etc.

ElementsElements   of the of the   computer system ( computer system (continued).continued).

2.2. CentralCentral processing unit : processing unit : CPUCPU

When computers get data into the system already  Will process the application or the command, such as tax calculations GPA etc .

ElementsElements   of the of the   computer system ( computer system (continued).continued).

3 . 3 . Main memoryMain memoryLocated physically close to Located physically close to the CPU, but not on the CPU the CPU, but not on the CPU chip itselfchip itself

Rapidly provides data and Rapidly provides data and instructions to the CPUinstructions to the CPU

Storage Capacity

Table 3.1: Computer Storage Units

Types of Memory Random access memory (RAM)

Temporary and volatile Types of RAM

EDO (Extended Data Out) DRAM (Dynamic RAM) SDRAM (Synchronous DRAM)

Types of Memory (continued) Types of nonvolatile memory

ROM (read-only memory) PROM (programmable read-only memory) EPROM (erasable programmable read-only

memory)

Cache memory: high-speed memory that a processor can access more rapidly than main memory

Types of Memory (continued)

Figure 3.4: Basic Types of Memory Chips

4. 4. Secondary StorageCompared with memory, offers the advantages of nonvolatility, greater capacity, and greater economy

Access methods, storage capacities, and portability required are determined by the information system’s objectives

ElementsElements   of the of the   computer system ( computer system (continued).continued).

ElementsElements   of the of the   computer system ( computer system (continued).continued).

5. Output unit5. Output unitThe computer will show the results obtained

from processing to the display unit.Which has served the display device that is used widely in the current screen, speake

rs and  printer etc.

SummarySummary.. ElementsElements   of the of the  computcomput er system. er system.

Basic functionality .Elements of

the computer system .

Input Input Unit

Processing Central Processing Unit

StorageMain Memory

Secondary Storage

Output Output Unit

Input Unit Input data and Program

Divided into 7 groups . 1. Keyed device 1.1 Cordless keyboard

Keyed device

1.2 Ergonomics keyboard 1.2.1 Portable keyboard

Keyed device

1.2.2 Virtual keyboard

Input Unit (continued).(continued).

2. Pointing device or Mouse 2.1 Mec-hanical mouse

Input Unit (continued).(continued).

2.2 Optical mouse

Input Unit (continued).(continued).

2.3 Wireless mouse

Input Unit (continued).(continued).

2.4 Foot mouse

Input Unit (continued).(continued).

2.5 Eye tracking

Input Unit (continued).(continued).

2.6 Gyroscopic mouse

Input Unit (continued).(continued).

2.6 Etc. Track ball, track point, touch pad, joystick

Input Unit (continued).(continued).

3. Touch sensitive screen , multi touch

Input Unit (continued).(continued).

4. Pen-based system 4.1 Stylus 4.2 Light pen

Input Unit (continued).(continued).

5. Data scanning devices 5.1 Scanner

handheld scanner, Sheet scanner , Flatbed scanner

Input Unit (continued).(continued).

5.2 Barcode reader

Input Unit (continued).(continued).

5.3 Optical character reader : OCR

Input Unit (continued).(continued).

5.4 Optical mark reader : OMR

Input Unit (continued).(continued). 5.5 Digital camera

5.6 Digital video camera

Input Unit (continued).(continued).

6. Audio input

Input Unit (continued).(continued).

7. Haptic device

Central processing unit : CPUMicroprocesser Divided into 2 units.

1. control unit 2. arithmetic-logic unit

Central processing unit : CPUcontinued.Elements of CPU 2 factors.

1. Register In a computer, a register is one of a small set of data holding places that are part of a computer processor . A register may hold a computer instruction , a storage address, or any kind of data (such as a bit sequence or individual characters). Some instructions specify registers as part of the instruction. For example, an instruction may specify that the contents of two defined registers be added together and then placed in a specified register. A register must be large enough to hold an instruction - for example, in a 32-bit instruction computer, a register must be 32 bits in length. In some computer designs, there are smaller registers - for example, half-registers - for shorter instructions. Depending on the processor design and language rules, registers may be numbered or have arbitrary names. Ex. Program counter : PC

2. Bus a bus is a transmission path on which signals are dropped off or picked up at every device attached to the line. Only devices addressed by the signals pay attention to them; the others discard the signals. According to Winn L. Rosch, the term derives from its similarity to autobuses that stop at every town or block to drop off or take on riders

Main memory or Primary storage

Divided into 2 units.

1. Random access memory : RAM 1.1 Main RAM

1.2 Video RAM

2. Read only memory : ROM

Secondary storage Divided into 4 factors.

1. Hard disk

Secondary storage continued.

2. Magnetic tape

Secondary storage continued.

3. Optical disk ex. CD-Rom, CD-R, CD-RW, DVD, DVD-ROM, DVD-R, DVD-RW,blue ray dirk

Secondary storage continued.

4. Flash memory device

Output Unit Divided into 2 units.

1. Soft copy1.1 Monitor

1.1.1 cathode ray tube monitor : CRT 1.1.2 liquid crystal display monitor : LCD 1.1.3 plasma monitor

Output Unit continued. 1.2 Projector

1.3 Speaker

Output Unit continued. 2. Hard copy 2.1 Printer 2.1.1 Impact printer

2.1.2 nonimpact printer iร

Question ? 1. Briefly describe the components of the

computer system shortly2. processing power of computers will be

fast or slow Depending on what

Principles of buying a computer Principles of buying a computer. May follow the

guidelines below.

3.1 Survey of level of computer use.

3.1.1 Level g eneral users and new users. 3.1.2 G raphic user 3.1.3 Advanced graphic user 3.1.4 Gammer user

Level g eneral users and new users.

Use : MS-office , PhotoshopTip : Should be buying less expensive  computers and brand - IBM - Acer - HP - Compaq

Advanced graphic userUse : Photoshop, Illustrator, CorelDraw, PageMakerTip : Computer prices  were moderate  to  high Computer  assembly

G raphic userUse : 3D Studio, Auto CAD Max, Maya Tip : Users  need a computer  and  -high level  program  should be  part Computer  assembly

Gammer userUse : Games, Graphic, Animation, 3D Tip : Users Computer  assembly

Principles of buying a computer (continue) 3.2 How to determine which features computer.

Principles of buying a computer (continue) 3.2.1 For applications focused on basic work. Computer equipment

Specifications

CPU Intel Celeron, Pentium 4,Pentium D or AMD Sempron,AMD Athlon 64x2

RAM DDR2-SDRAM 512 MB up

Main board Choose the type of audio chips are chips chip network.

Hard disk Serial ATA 160 GB up

VGA On Board

Audio card On Board

Lan card On Board speed 10/100 Mbps or 1 Gbps

Optical Storage DVD-RW

UPS 500 VA up

Principles of buying a computer (continue) 3.2.2 For graphics work.

Computer equipment

Specifications

CPU Intel Core 2 Duo or AMD Athlon 64x2

RAM DDR2-SDRAM 1 GB up

Main board Slots PCI Express x16 Other devices On Board

Hard disk Serial ATA-II 250 GB up

VGA PCI Express x16 256 MB up, Chip nVidia GeForce FX 6800 up or ATi Radeon x1300 up

Audio card On Board

Lan card On Board speed 10/100 Mbps or 1 Gbps

Optical Storage DVD-RW

UPS 500 VA up

Monitor 19 inch

Principles of buying a computer (continue) 3.2.3 For advanced graphic.

Computer equipment

Specifications

CPU Intel Core 2 Duo, Intel Core 2 Quad, i7 or AMD Athlon 64x2

RAM DDR2-SDRAM 2 GB up

Main board Supports Dual-Channel technology, which improves bandwidth of RAM and RAID technology with PCI Express x16 slot, the other device selection on board

Hard disk Serial ATA-II 320 GB up

VGA PCI Express 512 MB up, Chip nVidia GeForce FX 8600 or 9600 up or ATi Radeon HD340 up

Audio card On Board

Lan card On Board speed 10/100 Mbps or 1 Gbps

Optical Storage DVD-RW

UPS 500 VA up

Monitor 22 inch

Principles of buying a computer (continue) 3.2.4 For computer games.

Computer equipment

Specifications

CPU Intel Core 2 Duo, Intel Core 2 Quad, or AMD Athlon 64x2

RAM DDR2-SDRAM 4 GB up

Main board Supports Dual-Channel technology, which improves bandwidth of RAM and RAID technology with PCI Express x16 slot, 1-2 channel the other device selection on board

Hard disk Serial ATA-II 320 GB up

VGA PCI Express 512 MB up, Chip nVidia GeForce FX 8800 up or ATi Radeon HD3800 up , SLI or CrossFire

Audio card Multi-Channel

Lan card On Board speed 10/100 Mbps or 1 Gbps

Optical Storage DVD-RW

UPS 600 VA up

Monitor 22 inch

Principles of buying a computer (continue) 3.3 Price survey. - Computer store - supper market

Principles of buying a computer (continue) 3.4 Survey after sales service.

Principles of buying a computer (continue) 3.5 Inspection of equipment before leaving

the store.

The type of buying a computer. Buying a computer today. Divided into3 groups. 1.The group buying a branded computer. 2.The group buying the computer

command of the computer store. 3.The group purchasing the equipment

pieces. And then assemble at home.

The type of buying a computer.

The type of buying Merit Flaw

branded computer -Quality -standards.-Service / good-Have a good warranty.-A training program for those who buy

-Expensive.-can not Select features and brands -Waiting for equipment.

command of the computer store

-Modify as needed.-Features and brand demand.-Cheap.-Guarantee

-Was of poor quality.-A problem must be transferred to the repair shop.-The fake goods.

purchasing the equipment pieces

-Modify as needed.-Features and brand demand.-Free of charge.-Cheap.-Guarantee-Services.

-A problem must be transferred to the repair shop.-The fake goods.

Question ? 1. Explain buying a computer to use. What are some

factors to consider.

2. Be considered a professional organization requires. Classified as a user level. Why.

- student - engineer - teacher - d esigners television - market woman - official statistics. - programmer - publishers. - Banker.