Chapter 1-Background2- Buca Alshareef

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INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Pregnancy is considered to be a delightful experience for the expectantmother. However, feeling of well being and Quality of life (QoL)

outcomes, as significant determinate of health, were shown to decline in

some dimensions during pregnancy. Studies demonstrated that

emotional, physical functioning, vitality and social functioning as

dimensions of life quality were in constant in different phases of

pregnancy. Alteration of maternal Qol during gestation was found to

contribute to diversity of demographic and biological factors. Maternal

hormonal levels, gestational age, demographic factors, sleep,nausea andvomiting were shown to have contribution to antenatal life quality.

Moreover, evidences manifested that adequate intake of nutrition is a

key component for individuals health and well-being,particularly during

pregnancy. Health and nutritional problems during pregnancy impact not

only on womens quality of life, but consequently on her newbornwell

beingafter delivery, her family members and community as well. It is

well documented that inadequate maternal nutrition results in increased

risks of short term consequences such as; Intra Uterine Growth

Restriction, low birth weight, preterm birth, prenatal and infant mortality

and morbidity. Moreover, excessive intake of nutrients during pregnancy

can lead to some pregnancy complications (such as, preeclampsia and

gestational diabetes, macrosomia, dystocia and higher prevalence of

caesarean section. On the other hand, as the long run outcomes,

inadequate intake of nutrients were found to have pathophysiologic or

metabolic depict that will appear as disorders of child growth and

development as well as adult chronic disease after a long period of

quiescence. Given that mothers metabolic responses against spaciousextend of nutritional circumstances enables her to become

accustomed to variation of nutrients and conduct a pregnancy to end ,

but her feeling of well being and health might be impressed by

imbalanced nutritional intake due to inappropriate dietary habits.


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Though, there are considerable number of studies on HRQoL, there exist

restricted information regarding possible association between nutritional

behaviors and QoL experienced by mothers during antenatal period.

This study seeks to find out the contribution of quality of life indices to

nutritional knowledge, attitude and practices among normal pregnantwomen.

A healthy diet during pregnancy is essential to provide all the nutrients

needed by a mother and her growing baby. It is a common

misconception that pregnant women need to eat for two. In fact, most

of the additional nutrients needed during pregnancy can be obtained by

selecting appropriate foods and eating a high quality nutrient-dense diet.

However there are some specific recommendations, which include

taking folic acid supplements in early pregnancy to reduce the risk of

neural tube defects, such as spina bifida. It is also important for pregnant

women to be adopt good food hygiene practices to minimize the risk of

food poisoning from harmful bacteria and to avoid substances in foods

and drinks that might be potentially harmful to them or their growing

baby.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study aims to determine the dietary practices of pregnant women in

BonuanGueset.

Specifically, it seeks to answer the following questions:

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:a. Demographic profile

i. Age


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ii. Civil statusiii. Religioniv. Anthropometric measurement

b. Socio-economic profilei. Monthly family incomeii. Source of income

2. What is the status of the pregnant women in terms of:a. Vitamins and mineral supplementation

3. What are the dietary practices of pregnant women in terms of:a. Breakfast foodsb.

Breads/ salty snacks/ spreads

c. Dairy productsd. Beveragese. Fruits and juicesf. Vegetablesg. Sweetsh. Poultryi. Fast foods

4. Is there a significant relationship between the anthropometricmeasurements of the respondent to her dietary practice?

5. What proposed measures can be done to improve the dietary practices ofpregnant women in BonuanGueset?


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Significance of the Study

The study signified about the dietary practices of pregnant

women in Perez St., DagupanCity.

Nursing Practice

As an individual practicing nursing profession, this study is helpful

by having further information regarding the Dietary Practices ofPregnant Women at Perez Street Dagupan CityPangasinan. Part of

effective Nursing Care is the understanding of cultural context to which

thepatients lives in. Establishing the background of the patient can lead

to more comprehensive information not from on the health condition and

health practices of the patient but also on the very reasons why patients

have in one way or the other been ignorant or misguided by their

knowledge on what seems to be prevention or cure.

Nursing Education

The study is significant to the Nursing Education because it

provides significant information specifically related to the Dietary

Practices of Pregnant women at Perez St., Dagupan, City. The

implication of this study is on health education which would if done

properly and consistently eradicate the irrational, inadequate diet that is

embedded in the minds of uneducated persons. By showing thatimproper dietary practices has a negative effect on the health of those

pregnant women most especially to the fetus; the study encourage those

in the medical field to participate in the promotion of health through

dissemination of true information.


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Knowing the proper diet of a women before and during pregnancy has a

great influence on the course of pregnancy and health of a child both

after birth and in the future. Lack of dietary knowledge and dietary

about the consequences of malnutrition among future mothers of PerezSt., may result in a lot of dietary indiscretion, which can cause

deficiency or excess of energy and nutrients, as well as abnormal course

of pregnancy. Keeping a proper diet during pregnancy, women in Perez

St., must not only know the healthy eating guidelines, but also realize

the possible outcome of not eating proper diet and how a diet influences

the course of pregnancy and childs health.

Nursing Research

This study is also be significant to the nursing research because it

provided significant data which are important regarding conducting

further research study that can benefit particularly to the women of Perez

St., Dagupan City. This data serves as the baseline data in the future. It

is hope to give ideas in the student nurses to further make researches ondietary practices of pregnant women in Perez St., Dagupan City, and

hopefully allows student nurses to broaden their minds to use

theirlimited sources to make recommendations regarding the dietary

practices of pregnant women at Perez St.,Dagupan City.

Scope of Limitations

The study focused only on the dietary practices among pregnant women

of Perez St., Dagupan City.A dietary practice in the study pertains to the

choices of pregnant women to eat each day.


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The respondents of the study are limited only to women in Perez St.,

Dagupan City who are pregnant for the year 2013. The total number of

respondents is fifty (50).

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Age. This refers to the length of time that a person has lived or things

that existed.

Civil Status. This refers to the status of a pregnant women weather she

is married or single parent.

Religion. This refers to the belief in and worship of a superhuman

controlling power esp., a personal god or gods.

Anthropometric Measurement. This refersto a set of non-invasive,

quantitative techniques for determining an individuals body fat

composition by measuring, recording, and analyzing specific dimensions

of the body, such as height and weight; skin-fold thickness; and bodily

circumference at the waist, hip, and chest.

Socio-economic Status. This refers to the status of the pregnant women

in terms of monthly income/earnings.

Income. This refers to money received, esp. on a regular basis, for work

or through investments.

Food. This refers to minerals, usually of plant or animal origin, that

contains essential nutrients, such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins,

vitamins or minerals, and is ingested and assimilated by an organism to

produce energy, stimulate growth and maintain life.


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Vitamins. Any of a group of organic compounds which are essential for

normal growth and nutrition and are required in small quantities in the

diet because they cannot be synthesized by the body.

Minerals. This refers to a solid inorganic substance in naturaloccurrence.

Nutrients. This refers to a substance in food required by the body for

energy, growth, maintenance and repair.

Nutrition. This refers to the study of essential nutrients and process by

which nutrients are used by the body.

Diet. This refers to the kind of food that a person, animal, or community

habitually eats.

Dietary Practices. This refers to a person choices of consumption.

Pregnant. This refers to having a child or other offspring developing in

the body; with child or young, as a woman or female mammal.

Pregnancy. This refers to fertilization and development of one or more

offspring, known as an embryo or fetus, in a womans uterus.


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Documents

Chapter 1-Background2- Buca Alshareef