Chapter 1

WSDOT Bridge Design Manual M 23-50.12 Page 1-i August 2012

Chapter 1 General Information Contents

Page1.1 Manual Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1-1

1.1.1 Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1-11.1.2 Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1-11.1.3 Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1-11.1.4 Revisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1-3

1.2 BridgeandStructuresOfficeOrganization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2-11.2.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2-11.2.2 OrganizationalElementsoftheBridgeOffice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2-11.2.3 DesignUnitResponsibilitiesandExpertise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2-4

1.3 Quality Control/Quality Assurance (QC/QA) Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3-11.3.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3-11.3.2 Design/CheckProcedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3-21.3.3 Design/CheckCalculationFile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3-101.3.4 PS&EReviewPeriod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.3-111.3.5 Addenda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.3-111.3.6 ShopPlansandPermanentStructureConstructionProcedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3-121.3.7 ContractPlanChanges(ChangeOrdersandAs-Builts) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3-141.3.8 ArchivingDesignCalculations,DesignFiles,andS&EFiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3-151.3.9 PublicDisclosurePolicyRegardingBridgePlans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3-161.3.10 UseofComputerSoftware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3-17

1.4 Coordination With Other Divisions and Agencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4-11.4.1 PreliminaryPlanningPhase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4-11.4.2 FinalDesignPhase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4-1

1.5 Bridge Design Scheduling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5-11.5.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5-11.5.2 PreliminaryDesignSchedule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5-11.5.3 FinalDesignSchedule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5-1

1.6 Guidelines for Bridge Site Visits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6-11.6.1 BridgeRehabilitationProjects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6-11.6.2 BridgeWideningandSeismicRetrofits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6-11.6.3 RailandMinorExpansionJointRetrofits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6-11.6.4 NewBridges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6-11.6.5 BridgeDemolition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6-11.6.6 ProximityofRailroadsAdjacenttotheBridgeSite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6-2

1.99 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.99-1

Appendix1.1-A1 BridgeDesignManualRevisionQA/QCWorksheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1-A1-1Appendix1.5-A1 BreakdownofProjectManhoursRequiredForm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5-A1-1Appendix1.5-A2 MonthlyProjectProgressReportForm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5-A2-1Appendix1.5-A3 QA/QCSignatureSheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5-A3-1Appendix1.5-A4 Bridge&StructuresDesignCalculations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5-A4-1

Page 1-ii WSDOT Bridge Design Manual M 23-50.12 August 2012

Contents Chapter 1

WSDOT Bridge Design Manual M 23-50.06 Page 1.1-1 July 2011

Chapter 1 General Information

1.1 Manual Description1.1.1 PurposeTheBridge Design Manual (BDM)M23-50isaguideforthosewhodesignbridgesfortheWashingtonStateDepartmentofTransportation(WSDOT).ThismanualsupplementstheAASHTOLRFDSpecifications.ItexplainsdifferenceswhereitdeviatesfromtheAASHTOLRFDSpecifications.Itcontainsstandardizeddesigndetailsandmethods,whicharebasedonyearsofexperience.

TheBridge Design Manualisadynamicdocument,whichconstantlychangesbecauseofthecreativityandinnovativeskillsofourbridgedesignersandstructuraldetailers.Itisnotintendedforthedesignofunusualstructuresortoinhibitthedesignerintheexerciseofengineeringjudgment.Thereisnosubstituteforexperience,goodjudgment,andcommonsense.

1.1.2 SpecificationsThismanualandthefollowingAASHTOSpecificationsarethebasicdocumentsusedtodesignhighwaybridgesandstructuresinWashingtonState:• AASHTOLRFDBridgeDesignSpecifications(AASHTOLRFD)• AASHTOGuideSpecificationsforLRFDSeismicBridgeDesign(AASHTOSEISMIC)

TheBridge Design ManualisnotintendedtoduplicatetheAASHTOSpecifications.ThismanualsupplementstheAASHTOSpecificationsbyprovidingadditionaldirection,designaides,examples,andinformationonofficepractice.TheBridge Design ManualtakesprecedencewhereconflictexistswiththeAASHTOSpecifications.TheWSDOTBridgeDesignEngineerwillprovideguidanceasnecessary.

Referencesarelistedattheendofeachchapter.

1.1.3 FormatA. General–TheBridge Design Manualconsistsofonevolumewitheachchapterorganizedasfollows:

Criteriaorotherinformation(printedonwhitepaper)

AppendixA(printedonyellowpaper)DesignAids

AppendixB(printedonsalmonpaper)DesignExamples

B. Chapters

1. GeneralInformation

2. PreliminaryDesign

3. Loads

4. SeismicDesignandRetrofit

5. ConcreteStructures

6. SteelDesign

7. Substructure

8. WallsandBuriedStructures

9. BearingsandExpansionJoints

General Information Chapter 1

Page 1.1-2 WSDOT Bridge Design Manual M 23-50.06 July 2011

10.TrafficBarriers,SignStructures,ApproachSlabs,UtilitySupports

11. DetailingPractice

12.Quantities,ConstructionCosts,andSpecifications

13.BridgeRating

C. Numbering System

1. Thenumberingsystemforthecriteriaconsistsofasetofnumbersfollowedbylettersasrequiredtodesignateindividualsubjects.

Example:

Chapter5 ConcreteStructures (Chapter)

5.3 ReinforcedConcreteBoxGirderBridges (Section)

5.3.2 Reinforcement (Subsection)

A. TopSlabReinforcement

1. NearCenterofSpan

a. TransverseReinforcement

2. Numbering of Sheets–Eachsectionstartsanewpagenumberingsequence.Thepagenumbersarelocatedintheloweroutsidecornersandbeginwiththechapternumber,followedbythesectionnumber,thenasequentialpagenumber.

Example:5-1,5-2,etc.

3. Appendices–Appendicesareincludedtoprovidethedesignerwithdesignaids(AppendixA)andexamples(AppendixB).Designaidsaregenerallystandardinnature,whereasexamplesaremodifiedtomeetspecificjobrequirements.

Anappendixisnumberedusingthechapterfollowedbysectionnumberandthenahyphenandtheletteroftheappendixfollowedbyconsecutivenumbers.

Example:5.3-A1(BoxGirderBridges)designatesadesignaidrequiredorusefultoaccomplishtheworkdescribedinChapter5,Section3.

4. Numbering of Tables and Figures–Tablesandfiguresshallbenumberedusingthechapter,section,subsectioninwhichtheyarelocated,andthenahyphenfollowedbyconsecutivenumbers.

Example:Figure5.3.2-1isthefirstfigurefoundinChapter5,section3,subsection2.



1.1.4 RevisionsRevisionstothismanualarerelatedtoemergingconcepts,newstateorfederallegislation,andcommentsforwardedtotheBridgeDesignOffice.Somerevisionsaresimplespotchanges,whileothersaremajorchapterrewrites.Thecurrentversionofthemanualisavailableonlineat:www.wsdot.wa.gov/publications/manuals/m23-50.htm.

Allpagesincludearevisionnumberandpublicationdate.Whenapageisrevised,therevisionnumberandpublicationdatearerevised.Revisionsshallbeclearlyindicatedinthetext.

TheprocessoutlinedbelowisfollowedforBridge Design Manualrevisions:

1. Revisionsareprepared,checkedandcoordinatedwithchapterauthors.

2. RevisionsaresubmittedtotheBridgeDesignEngineerforapproval.However,commentsrelatedtogrammarandclaritycanbesentdirectlytotheBDMCoordinatorwithoutBridgeDesignEngineerapproval.

3. AfterapprovalfromtheBridgeDesignEngineer,theBDMCoordinatorworkswithWSDOTEngineeringPublicationstorevisethemanual.

4. RevisedpagesfromEngineeringPublicationsarecheckedforaccuracyandcorrectedifnecessary.

5. APublicationTransmittalispreparedbyEngineeringPublications.PublicationTransmittalsincluderemarksandinstructionsforupdatingthemanual.AfterthePublicationsTransmittalhasbeensignedbytheStateBridgeandStructuresEngineer,EngineeringPublicationswillpostthecompletemanualandrevisionat:www.wsdot.wa.gov/publications/manuals/m23-50.htm.

6. EngineeringPublicationswillcoordinateelectronicandhardcopydistributions.

ARevisionQA/QCWorksheet(seeAppendix1.1-A1)shallbepreparedtodocumentandtracktherevisionprocess.

www.wsdot.wa.gov/Publications/Manuals/M23-50.htm

www.wsdot.wa.gov/Publications/Manuals/M23-50.htm

http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/Publications/Manuals/M23-50.htm





1.2 BridgeandStructuresOfficeOrganization1.2.1 GeneralTheresponsibilitiesoftheBridgeandStructuresOfficeare:

ProvidesstructuralengineeringservicesforWSDOT.Providestechnicaladviceandassistancetoothergovernmentalagenciesonsuchmatters.

TheWSDOTDesign Manual M22-01statesthefollowing:

BridgedesignistheresponsibilityoftheBridgeandStructuresOfficeinOlympia.AnydesignauthorizedattheRegionlevelissubjecttoreviewandapprovalbytheBridgeandStructuresOffice.

1.2.2 Organizational Elements of the Bridge OfficeA. Bridge and Structures Engineer – TheBridgeandStructuresEngineerisresponsibleforstructural

engineeringservicesforthedepartmentandmanagesstaffandprogramsforstructuraldesign,contractplanpreparation,inspectionsandassessmentsofexistingbridges.

B. Bridge Design Engineer – TheBridgeDesignEngineerisdirectlyresponsibletotheBridgeandStructuresEngineerforstructuraldesignandreview,andadvisesotherdivisionsandagenciesonsuchmatters.

1. Structural Design Units – TheStructuralDesignUnitsareresponsibleforthefinaldesignofbridgesandotherstructures.Finaldesignincludespreparationofcontractplans.Theunitsprovidespecialdesignstudies,developdesigncriteria,checkshopplans,andreviewdesignssubmittedbyconsultants.Frequently,theBridgeProjectsEngineerassignstheunitstheresponsibilityforpreparingpreliminarybridgeplansandotherunscheduledwork.

TheBridgeEngineerSupervisor(UnitSupervisor)providesday-to-dayleadership,projectworkforceplanning,mentoring,andsupervisionforthedesignunit.Organizationandjobassignmentswithintheunitareflexibleanddependonprojectsunderwayatanyparticulartimeaswellasthequalificationsandexperiencelevelofindividuals.Theprimaryobjectiveofthedesignunitsistoproducecontractplansforbridgesandstructureswithinscope,scheduleandbudget.Thisinvolvesdesigning,checking,reviewing,anddetailinginanefficientandtimelymanner.

Abridgespecialistisassignedtoeachdesignunit.Eachspecialisthasaparticularareaofexpertise.Thefourmajorareasare:concrete,steel,seismicdesign,andretrofitandexpansionjointsandbearings.Thespecialistsactasaresourceforthebridgeofficeintheirspecialtyandareresponsibleforkeepingup-to-dateoncurrentAASHTOcriteria,newdesignconceptsandproducts,technicalpublications,constructionandmaintenanceissues,andaretheprimarypointsofcontactforindustryrepresentatives.

Thedesignunitsarealsoresponsibleforthedesignandpreparationofcontractplansformodificationstobridgesinservice.Theseincludebridgerailreplacement,deckrepair,seismicretrofits,emergencyrepairswhenbridgesaredamagedbyvehicleorshipcollisionornaturalphenomenon,andexpansionjointanddrainageretrofits.Theyreviewproposedplansofutilityattachmentstoexistingbridges.

2. Bridge Projects Unit – TheBridgeProjectsEngineerdirectspreliminarydesignwork,specificationandcostestimatespreparation,falseworkreview,projectscoping,coordinatesschedulingofbridgedesignprojectsandunscheduledworkassignmentswiththeRegionProjectDevelopmentEngineers,BridgeDesignEngineer,andtheUnitSupervisors.

ThePreliminaryPlanEngineersareresponsibleforbridgeprojectplanningfrominitialscopingtodesigntype,size,andlocation(TSL)studiesandreports.Theyareresponsibleforpreliminaryplanpreparationofbridgeandwallsincludingassemblyandanalysisofsitedata,preliminarystructuralanalysis,costanalysis,determinationofstructuretype,anddrawingpreparation.




Theyalsocheckpreliminaryplanspreparedbyothers,reviewhighwayprojectenvironmentaldocumentsanddesignreports,andprepareU.S.CoastGuardPermits.

TheSpecificationsandEstimate(S&E)Engineersdevelopandmaintainconstructionspecificationsandcostestimatesforbridgeprojects.Theyalsodevelopspecificationsandcostestimatesforbridgecontractspreparedbyconsultantsandothergovernmentagencies,whichareadministeredbyWSDOT.TheyassembleandreviewthecompletedbridgePS&EbeforesubmittaltotheRegions.TheyalsocoordinatethePS&EpreparationwiththeRegionsandmaintainbridgeconstructioncostrecords.

TheConstructionSupportUnitEngineersareresponsibleforcheckingthecontractor’sfalsework,shoring,andformingplans.Shopplanreviewandapprovalarecoordinatedwiththedesignunits.Actualcheckoftheshopplansisdoneinthedesignunit.Fieldrequestsforplanchangescomethroughthisofficeforarecommendationastoapproval.

TheBridgePlansEngineerprocessesas-builtplansinthisunit.RegionProjectEngineersareresponsibleforpreparingandsubmittingas-builtplansatthecompletionofacontract.

TheSchedulingEngineermonitorsthedesignworkschedulefortheBridgeandStructuresOffice,updatestheBridgeDesignSchedule(BDS)andmaintainsrecordsofbridgecontractcosts.OtherdutiesincludecoordinatingprogressreportstoRegionsbytheUnitSupervisorsandS&EEngineersthroughtheProjectDeliveryInformationSystem(PDIS).

TheBridgeProjectsUnitdedicatesonepositiontoprovidingtechnicalassistanceforthedesignanddetailingofexpansionjoint,bridgebearingandbarrier/railprojects.

Inaddition,theunitisresponsibleforupdatingtheBridge Design Manual M23-50.TheunitcoordinateschangestotheWSDOTStandardSpecificationsandfacilitatesupdatesorrevisionstoWSDOTBridgeOfficedesignstandards.

3. Mega Project Bridge Manager – TheMegaProjectBridgeManagerprovidesleadership,guidanceandprojectmanagementresponsibilitiesforvariouscomplex,uniqueandmonumentalbridgedesignandconstructionprojects.MegaBridgeProjectsaredefinedassuspension,cable-stayed,movable,segmentaloracomplexgroupofinterchange/corridorbridgesandincludeconventionalanddesign-buildprojectdeliverymethods.TheMegaProjectBridgeManagerrepresentstheBridgeandStructuresOfficeinCostEstimateValidationProcessactivities,ValueEngineeringStudiesandResearchProjectsregardingmajorbridgeprojects.

C. Bridge Preservation Engineer – TheBridgePreservationEngineerdirectsactivitiesanddevelopsprogramstoassurethestructuralandfunctionalintegrityofallstatebridgesinservice.TheBridgePreservationEngineerdirectsemergencyresponseactivitieswhenbridgesaredamaged.

1. Bridge Preservation Office (BPO) – TheBridgePreservationOfficeisresponsibleforplanningandimplementinganinspectionprogramforthemorethan3,200fixedandmovablestatehighwaybridges.Inaddition,BPOprovidesinspectionservicesonsomelocalagencybridgesandonthestate’sferryterminals.AllinspectionsareconductedinaccordancewiththeNationalBridgeInspectionStandards(NBIS).

BPOmaintainsthecomputerizedWashingtonStateBridgeInventorySystem(WSBIS)ofcurrentinformationonmorethan7,300state,county,andcitybridgesinaccordancewiththeNBIS.Thisincludesloadratingsforallbridges.BPOpreparesaBridge Listofthestate’sbridges,whichispublishedeverytwoyears,maintainstheintranet-basedBridgeEngineeringInformationSystem(BEIST),andpreparestheannualRecommendedBridgeRepairList(RBRL)basedonthelatestinspectionreports.

BPOisresponsibleforthebridgeloadratingandriskreduction(SCOUR)programs.Itprovidesdamageassessmentsandemergencyresponseserviceswhenbridgesaredamagedbecauseofvehicleorshipcollisionornaturalphenomenonsuchas:floods,wind,orearthquakes.



D. Bridge Management Engineer – TheBridgeManagementUnitisresponsiblefortheprogramdevelopment,planningandmonitoringofallstatewidebridgeprogramactivities.TheseincludeP2fundedbridgereplacementsandrehabilitation,bridgedeckprotection,majorbridgerepair,andbridgepainting.

Inaddition,theBridgeManagementUnitmanagesthebridgedeckprotection,decktestingandthebridgeresearchprograms.Itisresponsiblefortheplanning,development,coordination,andimplementationofnewprograms(e.g.,SeismicRetrofitandPreventativeMaintenance),experimentalfeatureprojects,newproductevaluation,andtechnologytransfer.

TheBridgeManagementEngineeristheBridgeandStructuresOffice’sofficialPublicDisclosurecontact.(SeeSection1.3.9PublicDisclosurePolicyRegardingBridgePlans).

E. Computer Support Unit – TheComputerSupportUnitisresponsibleforcomputerresourceplanningandimplementation,computerusersupport,liaisonwithManagementInformationSystems(MIS),computeraidedengineeroperationsupport,andsoftwaredevelopmentactivities.Inaddition,theunitworkscloselywiththeBridgeProjectsUnitinupdatingthismanualandStandard Plans.

F. Consultant Liaison Engineer – TheConsultantLiaisonEngineerpreparesbridgeconsultantagreementsandcoordinatesconsultantPS&EdevelopmentactivitieswiththoseoftheBridgeOffice.TheConsultantLiaisonEngineernegotiatesbridgedesigncontractswithconsultants.

G. State Bridge and Structures Architect – TheStateBridgeandStructuresArchitectisresponsibleforreviewingandapprovingbridgepreliminaryplans,retainingwalls,preparingrenderings,coordinatingaestheticactivitieswithRegions(i.e.suggestingcorridorthemesandapprovingpublicart),andotherdutiestoimprovetheaestheticsofourbridgesandstructures.TheStateBridgeandStructuresArchitectworkscloselywithbridgeofficeandregionstaff.Duringthedesignphase,designersshouldgettheArchitect’sapprovalforanychangestoarchitecturaldetailsshownontheapprovedpreliminaryplan.

H. Staff Support Unit – TheStaffSupportUnitisresponsibleformanysupportfunctions,suchas:typing,timekeeping,payroll,receptionist,vehiclemanagement,mail,inventorymanagement,andotherdutiesrequestedbytheBridgeandStructuresEngineer.Otherdutiesinclude:filingfielddata,plansforbridgesundercontractorconstructed,anddesigncalculations.Thisunitalsomaintainsofficesuppliesandprovidesotherservices.

I. Office Administrator – TheOfficeAdministratorisresponsibleforcoordinatingpersonnelactions,updatingtheorganizationalchart,orderingtechnicalmaterials,andotherdutiesrequestedbytheBridgeandStructuresEngineer.StaffdevelopmentandtrainingarecoordinatedthroughtheOfficeAdministrator.TheOfficeAdministratoralsohandleslogisticalsupport,officeandbuildingmaintenanceissues.



1.2.3 Design Unit Responsibilities and ExpertiseThefollowingisanupdatedsummaryofthestructuraldesign,reviewandplanpreparationresponsibilities/expertisewithintheBridgeDesignSection.ContacttheUnitSupervisorforthenameoftheappropriatestaffexpertfortheneededspecialty.

Unit Supervisor Responsibility/Expertise

MarkAnderson SeismicDesignTechnicalSupport EmergencySlideRepairs RetainingWalls(includingStructuralEarth,SoldierPileand Tie-Back,Geosynthetic,andSoilNail) Pre-ApprovalofRetainingWallSystems NoiseBarrierWalls

RichardStoddard BridgeTrafficBarriersandRailRetrofits ConcreteDesignTechnicalSupport

RonLewis CoastGuardPermits SpecialProvisionsandCostEstimates PreliminaryDesign Falsework,FormingandTemporaryStructures Bridge Design Manual M23-50 BridgeProjectsScheduling

RichardZeldenrust OverheadandBridge-MountedSignStructures LightStandard&TrafficSignalSupports RepairstoDamagedBridges StructuralSteelTechnicalSupport

PatrickClarke FloatingBridges BearingsandExpansionJointsTechnicalSupport SpecialStructures

DeWayneWilson BridgePreservationProgram(P2Funds)–Establish needsandpriorities(includingSeismic,Scour,Deck Overlay,SpecialRepairs,Painting,Replacement,Misc StructuresPrograms) BridgeManagementSystem BridgeEngineeringSoftwareandCAD ConsultantLiaison

TimMoore MegaProjectsManager

PaulKinderman BridgeArchitect


WSDOT Bridge Design Manual M 23-50.11 Page 1.3-1 March 2012

1.3 Quality Control/Quality Assurance (QC/QA) Procedure1.3.1 GeneralA. ThepurposeoftheQC/QAprocedureistoimprovethequalityofthestructuraldesignsandplans.

Thekeyelementtothesuccessofthisprocessiseffectivecommunicationbetweenallparties.ThegoalsoftheQC/QAprocedureare:• Designedstructuresthatimprovepublicsafetyandmeetstateregulations.• DesignedstructureswhichmeettherequirementsoftheWSDOTBridge Design Manual M23-50,AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications,currentstructuralengineeringpractices,andgeometriccriteriaprovidedbytheRegion.

• Designedstructuresthatareaestheticallypleasing,constructible,durable,economical,inspectable,andrequirelittlemaintenance.

• Designcontractdocumentsthatmeetthecustomer’sneeds,schedule,budget,andconstructionstagingrequirements.

• Structuraldesigncostsareminimized.• Anorganizedandindexedsetofdesigncalculationsareproduced.Designcriteriaandassumptionsareincludedinthefrontaftertheindex.

• Planqualityismaximized.• TheQA/QCprocedureallowsforchange,innovation,andcontinuousimprovement.

Thegoalsarelistedinorderofimportance.Ifthereisaconflictbetweengoals,themoreimportantgoaltakesprecedence.

TheUnitSupervisordeterminesprojectassignmentsandtheQC/QAprocesstobeusedinpreparationofthestructuraldesign.TheintentoftheQC/QAprocessistofacilitateplanproductionefficiencyandcost-effectivenesswhileassuringthestructuralintegrityofthedesignandmaximizingthequalityofthestructuralcontractdocuments.

B. TheBridgeandStructuresOfficeQC/QAprocedureisacomponentofthegeneralWSDOTtemplateforprojectmanagementprocess.IncludedaspartofthecurrentWSDOTprojectmanagementprocessareprojectreviewsatspecificmilestonesalongtheprojecttimeline.TheexpectedcontentofthedocumentsbeingreviewedateachspecificmilestonearedescribedintheDeliverableExpectationsMatrixdevelopedandimplementedbytheWSDOTDesignOfficeinMay2006.Thismatrixcanbeviewedviathelinkwww.wsdot.wa.gov/projects/projectmgmt/online_guide/delivery_expectation_matrix/de_matrix.pdf.

TheoverallmatrixisgenericforWSDOTdesign,butthereisalineinthematrixthatoutlinesthespecificcontentexpectationsforstructures(bridgesretainingwalls,noisebarrierwalls,overheadsignstructures,etc.).This“structuresspecific”matrixlineincludesalinktoaseparatematrix.Thisstructuresmatrixcanbeviewedviathelinkwww.wsdot.wa.gov/projects/projectmgmt/online_guide/delivery_expectation_matrix/bridge.pdf.

TheBridgePreliminaryPlanasdescribedinChapter2isequivalenttotheGeometricReviewmilestoneofthegenericWSDOTmatrixandthePermittingSubmittalReviewmilestoneofthestructurespecificmatrix.

IntermediatestageconstructabilityreviewsconductedforcertainprojectsbyRegionDesignPEOfficesorLocalAgenciesareequivalenttotheGeneralPlansReviewmilestoneofthegenericWSDOTmatrixandtheIntermediatePS&ESubmittalReviewmilestoneofthestructurespecificmatrix.

www.wsdot.wa.gov/projects/projectmgmt/online_guide/delivery_expectation_matrix/de_matrix.pdf





Page 1.3-2 WSDOT Bridge Design Manual M 23-50.11 March 2012

TheBridgePlansturn-inasdescribedinSection12.4.3isequivalenttothePreliminaryContractReviewmilestoneofthegenericWSDOTmatrixandthePS&EPre-submittalReviewmilestoneofthestructurespecificmatrix.

TheBridgePS&Eturn-inasdescribedinSection12.4.3isequivalenttotheFinalContractReviewmilestoneofthegenericWSDOTmatrixandtheFinalPS&ESubmittalReviewmilestoneofthestructurespecificmatrix.

1.3.2 Design/Check ProceduresA. PS&EPreparedbyWSDOTBridgeandStructuresOffice

1. Design Team – ThedesignteamusuallyconsistsoftheDesigner(s),Checker(s),StructuralDetailer(s),andaSpecificationandEstimateEngineer,whoareresponsibleforpreparingasetofcontractdocumentsonorbeforethescheduledduedate(s)andwithinthebudgetallocatedfortheproject.Onlargeprojects,theUnitSupervisormaydesignateadesignertobeaProjectCoordinatorwithadditionalduties,suchas:assistingthesupervisorincommunicatingwiththeRegion,coordinatingandcommunicatingwiththeGeotechnicalBranch,andmonitoringtheactivitiesofthedesignteam.

TheQC/QAproceduresmayvarydependingonthetypeandcomplexityofthestructurebeingdesigned,andtheexperiencelevelofthedesignteammembers.Moresupervision,review,andcheckingmayberequiredwhenthedesignteammembersarelessexperienced.Ingeneral,itisagoodpracticetohavesomeexperienceddesignersoneverydesignteam.Alldesignteammembersshouldhavetheopportunitytoprovideinputtomaximizethequalityofthedesignplans.

2. Designer Responsibility – Thedesignerisresponsibleforthecontentofthecontractplansheets,includingstructuralanalysis,completenessandcorrectness.Agoodsetofexampleplans,whichisrepresentativeofthebridgetype,isindispensableasanaidtolessexperienceddesignersanddetailers.

Duringthedesignphaseofaproject,thedesignerwillneedtocommunicatefrequentlywiththeUnitSupervisorandotherstakeholders.Thisincludesacquiring,finalizingorrevisingroadwaygeometrics,soilreports,hydraulicsrecommendations,andutilityrequirements.ConstructabilityissuesmayalsorequirethatthedesignercommunicatewiththeRegionorConstructionOffice.Thedesignermayhavetoorganizeface-to-facemeetingstoresolveconstructabilityissuesearlyinthedesignphase.ThebridgeplansmustbecoordinatedwiththePS&EpackagesproducedconcurrentlybytheRegion.

ThedesignershalladvisetheUnitSupervisorassoonaspossibleofanyscopeandprojectcostincreasesandthereasonsfortheincreases.TheUnitSupervisorwillthennotifytheRegionprojectofficeifthedeliveryschedulewillhavetobechanged.IfRegionconcurswithachangeinthedeliverydate,theUnitSupervisorwillnotifytheBridgeProjectsEngineerortheBridgeSchedulingEngineerofthereviseddeliverydates.

ThedesignerorProjectCoordinatorisresponsibleforprojectplanningwhichinvolvesthefollowing:

a. Determinesscopeofwork,identifiestasksandplansorderofwork.

b. Preparedesigncriteriathatareincludedinthefrontofthedesigncalculations.ComparestaskswithBDMofficepracticeandAASHTObridgedesignspecifications.

(1) Insuresthatdesignguidelinesaresufficient?

(2) JustificationfordeviationfromBridge Design Manual/AASHTO?



(3) Justificationfordesignapproach?

(4) Justificationfordeviationfromofficepracticesregardingdesignanddetails?

(5) Otherdifferences.

c. MeetwiththeRegiondesignstaffandotherprojectstakeholdersearlyinthedesignprocesstoresolveasmanyissuesaspossiblebeforeproceedingwithfinaldesignanddetailing.

d. Identifycoordinationneedswithotherdesigners,units,andoffices.

e. Earlyintheproject,thebridgesheetnumberingsystemshouldbecoordinatedwiththeRegiondesignstaff.Forprojectswithmultiplebridges,eachsetofbridgesheetsshouldhaveauniquesetofbridgesheetnumbers.

f. AtleastmonthlyorasdirectedbythedesignUnitSupervisor:

(1) UpdateProjectScheduleandListofSheets.

(2) Estimatepercentcomplete.

(3) Estimatetimetocomplete.

(4) WorkwithUnitSupervisortoadjustresources,ifnecessary.

g. DeveloppreliminaryquantitiesforallcostestimatesafterthePreliminaryPlanstage.

h. Nearendofproject:

(1) Developquantities,Not Included in Bridge Quantity List, and Special Provisions Checklist thataretobeturnedinwiththeplans.(SeeSection12.4.4).

(2) PreparetheBarList.

(3) Coordinateallfinalchanges,includingreviewcommentsreceivedfromtheBridgeSpecificationsandEstimatesEngineer.RefertoSection12.4.3(B).

(4) MeetwithRegiondesignstaffandotherprojectstakeholdersattheconstructabalityreview/roundtablereviewmeetingstoaddressfinalprojectcoordinationissues.

ThedesignershouldinformtheUnitSupervisorofanyareasofthedesign,whichshouldreceivespecialattentionduringcheckingandreview.

(5) PreparetheQA/QCChecklist,andobtainsignatures/initialsasrequired.Thisappliestoallprojectsregardlessoftypeorimportance(bridges,walls,signstructures,overlay,trafficbarrier,etc.).RefertoAppendix1.5-A3-1.

Thedesigncalculationsarepreparedbythedesignerandbecomeaveryimportantrecorddocument.Designcalculationswillbeareferencedocumentduringtheconstructionofthestructureandthroughoutthelifeofthestructure.Itiscriticalthatthedesigncalculationsbeuserfriendly.Thedesigncalculationsshallbewellorganized,clear,properlyreferenced,andincludenumberedpagesalongwithatableofcontents.Thedesigncalculationsshallbearchived.Computerfilesshouldbearchivedforuseduringconstruction,intheeventthatchangedconditionsarise.Archive-readydesignandcheckcalculationsshallbeboundandsubmittedtotheUnitSupervisorconcurrentlywiththeturn-inoftheBridgePS&Esubmittal.Calculationsshallbestoredinthedesignunituntilcompletionofconstruction.Afterconstruction,theyshallbesenttoarchives.(SeeSection1.3.8ArchivingDesignCalculations,DesignFiles,andS&EFiles).

ThedesigneroranotherassignedindividualisalsoresponsibleforresolvingconstructionproblemsreferredtotheBridgeOfficeduringthelifeofthecontract.TheseissueswillgenerallybereferredthroughtheBridgeTechnicalAdvisor,theUnitSupervisor,theConstructionSupportUnit,ortheHQConstruction-Bridge.



3. Checker Responsibility – ThecheckerisresponsibletotheUnitSupervisorfor“qualityassurance”ofthestructuraldesign,whichincludescheckingthedesign,plansandspecificationstoassureaccuracyandconstructability.TheUnitSupervisorworkswiththecheckertoestablishthelevelofcheckingrequired.Thecheckingprocedureforassuringthequalityofthedesignwillvaryfromprojecttoproject.Followingaresomegeneralcheckingguidelines:

a. Design Calculations – maybecheckedbyeitheroftwomethods:

(1) Designcalculationsmaybecheckedwithaline-by-linereviewandinitialingbythechecker.Ifitismoreefficient,thecheckermaychoosetoperformhis/herownindependentcalculations.

(2) Iterativedesignmethodsmaybebestcheckedbyreviewofthedesigner’scalculations,whilestandardandstraight-forwarddesignsmaybemostefficientlycheckedwithindependentcalculations.Allthedesignerandcheckercalculationsshallbeplacedinonedesignset.

(3) Revisionofdesigncalculations,ifrequired,istheresponsibilityofthedesigner.

b. Structural Plans

(1) Thechecker’splanreviewcommentsarerecordedonacopyofthestructuralplans,includingdetailsandbarlists,andreturnedtothedesignerforconsideration.Thesecheckprintsareavitalpartofthecheckingprocess,andshallbepreserved.Ifthechecker’scommentsarenotincorporated,thedesignershouldprovidejustificationfornotdoingso.Ifthereisadifferenceofopinionthatcannotberesolvedbetweenthedesignerandchecker,theUnitSupervisorshallresolveanyissues.CheckprintsshallbesubmittedtotheUnitSupervisoratthetimeof100%PS&Eturn-in.

(2) IfassignedbytheUnitSupervisor,astructuraldetailershallperformacompletecheckofthegeometryusingCADDorhandcalculations.

(3) Revisionofplans,ifrequired,istheresponsibilityofthedesigner.

c. Quantities and Barlist

(1) Thecheckershallprovideanindependentsetofquantitycalculations.Thesetogetherwiththedesigner’squantitycalculationsshallbeplacedinthejobfile.

(2) ResolutionofdifferencesbetweenthedesignerandcheckershallbecompletedbeforetheBridgePS&Esubmittal.Thecheckershallalsocheckthebarlist.

4. Structural Detailer Responsibility – Thestructuraldetailerisresponsibleforthequalityandconsistencyofthecontractplansheets.ThestructuraldetailershallensurethattheBridgeOfficedraftingstandardsasexplainedinChapter11ofthismanualareupheld.

a. RefertoChapter11,fordetailingpractices.

b. Providenecessaryandadequateinformationtoensurethecontractplansareaccurate,complete,andreadable.

c. Detailplansheetsinaconsistentmannerandfollowaccepteddetailingpractices.

d. Checkplansforgeometry,reinforcingsteelcongestion,consistency,andverifycontroldimensions.

e. Checkforpropergrammarandspelling.



f. Onmultiplebridgecontracts,workwiththeDesigner/ProjectCoordinatortoensurethatthestructuraldetailingofallbridgeswithinthecontractshallbecoordinatedtomaximizeconsistencyofdetailingfrombridgetobridge.Extraeffortwillberequiredtoensureuniformityofdetails,particularlyifmultipledesignunitsand/orconsultantsareinvolvedinpreparingbridgeplans.

g. Maintainanongoingunderstandingofbridgeconstructiontechniquesandpractices.

5. Specialist Responsibility – AllbridgeandwallprojectsinitiatedwithasignedBridgePreliminaryPlan.

TheprimaryresponsibilityofthespecialististoactasaknowledgeresourcefortheBridgeandStructuresOffice,WSDOT,othergovernmentalagenciesandconsultants.Designersareencouragedtoconsultspecialistsforcomplexprojectsearlyinthedesignprocess.Supervisorsoverseeingadesignprojectshouldactivelyidentifyanycomplexorunusualfeatures,earlyinthedesignprocess,andencouragethedesignersinvolvedtoseekinputfromthesuitableSpecialist.TheSpecialistsmaintainanactiveknowledgeoftheirspecialtyarea,alongwithacurrentfileofproductsanddesignprocedures.TheSpecialistsmaintainindustrycontacts.Specialistsprovidetrainingintheirareaofexpertise.

Specialistsareexpectedtoremainengagedwiththedesigneffortsbeingcarriedoutintheofficerelatedtotheirspecialty.AtthediscretionoftheDesignUnitSupervisor,theSpecialistsmayberequestedtoreview,commentonandinitialplansintheirareaofexpertisepreparedbyotherdesigners.SpecialistsareexpectedtoreviewselecteddesignworkforconsistencywithotherWSDOTprojects,andforadherencetocurrentofficepracticeandcurrentindustrypractice.Specialistreviewsaretypicallycursoryinnature,andarenotintendedtofulfilltheroleofstructuralchecker.SpecialistsshallinitialtheProjectTurn-InQA/QCWorksheetofBDMAppendix1.5-A3atthe100%completionstageofcertainprojectsincluding:

a. Bearing and Expansion Joint Specialist – Allexpansionjointorbearingrehabprojects.Allnewbridgeswithmodularexpansionjoints,uniquestripsealjoints(highskew,raisedsteelslidingplatesatsidewalk,trafficislands,etc.),andbearingsotherthanplainelastomericpads.

b. Concrete Specialist – Allpost-tensionedsuperandsubstructures,andcomplexprestressedgirdersuperstructures(longspans,largeskews,taperedgirders,etc.).Allstructuresutilizingmassconcrete,self-consolidatingconcrete(SCC),shotcreteorGrade80reinforcement.

c. Steel Specialist – Allnewandretrofitsteelsuperstructureprojects,orprojectsinvolvingsignificantorcomplexwelding.

d. Seismic Specialist – Allretrofitprojects,andnewbridgeswithcomplexseismicdesignrequirements.

SpecialistsassisttheBridgeandStructuresEngineerinreviewingandvotingonamendmentstoAASHTOspecifications.

SpecialistsareresponsibleforkeepingtheirrespectivechaptersoftheBridge Design Manual M23-50uptodate.

TheConcrete,Steel,andSeismicSpecialistsactasSupervisorsfortheStructuralDetailerswithintheirunit.Theyareresponsiblefortheday-to-daysupervisionoftheStructuralDetailers,includingtimesheetandevaluationresponsibilities.TheSpecialistsarealsoreliedupontoassisttheDesignUnitSupervisorinallocatingdetailingstaff,andcompletingStructuralDetailerstaffingprojections.



AsecondaryresponsibilityoftheSpecialististoserveasUnitSupervisorwhenthesupervisorisabsent.

SignStructuredesign,Walldesign,andTrafficBarrier&RaildesignarethreespecialtyareaswheredesignandreviewworkhastraditionallybeendirectedtodedicatedstaffineachofthethreemaindesigngroupswithintheBridgeDesignOffice(seeBDM1.2.3).DesignguidanceorreviewrequestsforunusualoruniqueprojectsinvolvingthesethreespecialtyareasshouldbedirectedtotheapplicableDesignUnitSupervisorfordesignorreview.

6. Specification and Estimating Engineer Responsibilities – TherearecurrentlyfourspecialistpositionsintheBridgeandStructuresOffice.ThefourspecialtyareasintheDesignSectionarebearingsandexpansionjoints,concrete(includingprestressedconcrete),seismicdesignandretrofit,andstructuralsteel.

7. Design Unit Supervisor Responsibility

a. TheUnitSupervisorisresponsibletotheBridgeDesignEngineerforthetimelycompletionandqualityofthebridgeplans.

b. TheUnitSupervisorworkscloselywiththeProjectCoordinatorandthedesignteam(designer,checker,andstructuraldetailer)duringthedesignandplanpreparationphasestohelpavoidmajorchangeslateinthedesignprocess.Activitiesduringthecourseofdesigninclude:

(1) Evaluatethecomplexityoftheprojectandthedesigner’sskillandclassificationleveltodelivertheprojectinatimelymanner.Determineboththedegreeofsupervisionnecessaryforthedesignerandtheamountofcheckingrequiredbythechecker.

(2) Assistthedesignteamindefiningthescopeofwork,identifyingthetaskstobeaccomplishedanddevelopingaprojectworkplan.

(3) Makesuitablestaffingassignmentsanddevelopadesignteamtimeestimatetoensurethattheprojectcanbecompletedontimeandwithinbudget.

(4) Reviewandapprovedesigncriteriabeforestartofdesign.

(5) Helpleaddesignerconductface-to-faceprojectmeetings,suchas:project“kick-off”and“wrap-up”meetingswithRegion,geotechnicalstaff,bridgeconstruction,andconsultantstoresolveoutstandingissues.

(6) Participateincoordinating,scheduling,andcommunicatingwithstakeholders,customers,andoutsideagenciesrelatingtomajorstructuraldesignissues.

(7) Facilitateresolutionofmajorprojectdesignissues.

(8) Assistthedesignteamwithplanning,anticipatingpossibleproblems,collectivelyidentifyingsolutions,andfacilitatingtimelydeliveryofneededinformation,suchasgeometrics,hydraulics,foundationinformation,etc.

(9) Interactwithdesignteamregularlytodiscussprogress,problems,scheduleandbudget,analysistechniques,constructabilityanddesignissues.Alwaysencourageforwardthinking,innovativeideasandsuggestionsforqualityimprovement.

(10) Arrangeforandprovidethenecessaryresources,timeandtoolsforthedesignteamtodothejobrightthefirsttime.Offerassistancetohelpresolvequestionsorproblems.

(11) Helpdocumentanddisseminateinformationonspecialfeaturesandlessonslearnedforthebenefitofothersandfutureprojects.

(12) Mentorandtraindesignersanddetailersthroughtheassignmentofavarietyofstructuretypes.



c. TheUnitSupervisorworkscloselywiththedesignteamduringtheplanreviewphase.Revieweffortsshouldconcentrateonreviewingthecompletedplandetailsanddesigncalculationsforcompletenessandforagreementwithofficecriteriaandofficepractices.Reviewthefollowingperiodicallyandattheendoftheproject:

(1) DesignCriteria• Seismicdesignmethodology,accelerationcoefficient(“a”value),andanyseismicanalysisassumptions.

• Foundationreportrecommendations,selectionofalternates.• DeviationsfromAASHTO,thismanual,andproperconsiderationofanyapplicableDesignMemorandums.

(2) DesignTimeandBudget

d. Estimatetimetocompletetheproject.PlanresourceallocationforcompletingtheprojecttomeetthescheduledAdDateandbudget.Monitormonthlytimespentontheproject.

Attheendofeachmonth,estimatetimeremainingtocompleteproject,percentcompleted,andwhetherprojectisonorbehindschedule.

Planandassignworkforcetoensureatimelydeliveryoftheprojectwithintheestimatedtimeandbudget.Atmonthlysupervisors’schedulingmeetings,notifytheBridgeProjectsEngineerifaprojectisbehindschedule.

e. AdviseRegionofanyprojectscopecreepandconstructioncostincreases.Asaminimum,usequarterlystatusreportstoupdateRegiononprojectprogress.

f. Useappropriatecomputerschedulingsoftwareorothermeanstomonitortimeusage,toallocateresources,andtoplanprojects.

g. Reviewconstructabilityissues.Arethereanyproblemsuniquetotheproject?

h. Reviewthefinalplansforthefollowing:

(1) Scanthejobfileforunusualitemsrelatingtogeometrics,hydraulics,geotechnical,environmental,etc.

(2) Overallreviewofsheet#1,thebridgelayoutfor:• Consistency—especiallyformultiplebridgeproject• Missinginformation

(3) ReviewfootinglayoutforconformancetoBridgePlanandforadequacyofinformationgiven.Generally,thefieldpersonnelshallbegivenenoughinformationto“layout”thefootingsinthefieldwithoutreferringtoanyothersheets.Plandetailsshallbeclear,precise,anddimensionstiedtobasereferences,suchas:asurveylineordefinedcenterlineofbridge.

(4) Reviewthesequenceoftheplansheets.Theplansheetsshouldadheretothefollowingorder:layout,footinglayout,substructures,superstructures,miscellaneousdetails,barriers,andbarlist.Alsocheckforappropriatenessofthetitles.

(5) Reviewoveralldimensionsandelevations,spotcheckforcompatibility.Forexample,checkcompatibilitybetweensuperstructuresandsubstructure.Alsospotcheckbarmarks.

(6) Usecommonsenseandexperiencetoreviewstructuraldimensionsandreinforcementforstructuraladequacy.Whenindoubt,questionthedesignerandchecker.

i. Stampandsigntheplansinblueink.



8. Bridge Design Engineer’s Responsibilities – TheBridgeDesignEngineeristhecoach,mentor,andfacilitatorfortheWSDOTQC/QABridgeDesignProcedure.TheleadershipandsupportprovidedbythispositionisamajorinfluenceinassuringbridgedesignqualityforstructuraldesignsperformedbybothWSDOTandconsultants.ThefollowingsummarizesthekeyresponsibilitiesoftheBridgeDesignEngineerrelatedtoQC/QA:

a. PriortotheBridgeDesignEngineerstampingandsigninganyplans,he/sheshallperformastructural/constructabilityreviewoftheplans.Thisisaqualityassurance(QA)functionaswellasmeetingthe“responsiblecharge”requirementsofstatelawsrelatingtoProfessionalEngineers.

b. ReviewandapprovethePreliminaryBridgePlans.Theprimaryfocusforthisresponsibilityistoassurethatthemostcost-effectiveandappropriatestructuretypeisselectedforaparticularbridgesite.

c. ReviewuniqueprojectspecialprovisionsandStandardSpecificationmodificationsrelatingtostructures.

d. FacilitatepartnershipsbetweenWSDOT,consultants,andtheconstructionindustrystakeholderstofacilitateandimprovedesignquality.

e. Encouragedesignercreativityandinnovationthroughforwardthinking.

f. ExerciseleadershipanddirectionformaintainingaprogressiveanduptodateBridge Design Manual M23-50.

g. CreateanopenandsupportiveofficeenvironmentinwhichDesignSectionstaffareempoweredtodohighqualitystructuraldesignwork.

h. Createprofessionalgrowthopportunitiesthroughanofficeculturewherelearningisemphasized.

i. Encouragecontinuingprofessionaldevelopmentthroughtrainingopportunities,attendanceatseminarsandconferences,formaleducationopportunities,andtechnicalwriting.

9. General Bridge Plan Stamping and Signature Policy – ThestampingandsigningofbridgeplansisthefinalstepintheBridgeQC/QAprocedure.Itsignifiesareviewoftheplansanddetailsbythoseinresponsiblechargeforthebridgeplans.AtleastoneLicensedStructuralEngineershallstampandsigneachcontractplansheet(exceptthebarlist).

ForcontractplanspreparedbyalicensedCivilorLicensedStructuralEngineer,theUnitManagerandthelicensedCivilorLicensedStructuralEngineerco-sealandsigntheplans,exceptthebridgelayoutsheet.ThebridgelayoutsheetissealedandsignedbytheStateBridgeandStructuresEngineeror,intheabsenceoftheStateBridgeandStructuresEngineer,theBridgeDesignEngineer.

ForcontractplansnotpreparedbyalicensedCivilorLicensedStructuralEngineer,theUnitManagerandtheBridgeDesignEngineerco-sealandsigntheplansexceptthebridgelayoutsheet.ThebridgelayoutsheetissealedandsignedbytheStateBridgeandStructuresEngineeror,intheabsenceoftheStateBridgeandStructuresEngineer,theBridgeDesignEngineer.

ForNon-StandardRetainingWallsandNoiseBarrierWalls,SignStructures,SeismicRetrofits,ExpansionJointandBearingModifications,TrafficBarrierandRailRetrofits,andotherspecialprojects,theUnitManagerwitheitherthelicenseddesignerortheBridgeDesignEngineer(ifthedesignerisnotlicensed)co-sealandsigntheplansexceptforthelayoutsheet.ThelayoutsheetsfortheseplansaresealedandsignedbytheStateBridgeandStructuresEngineer,orintheabsenceoftheStateBridgeandStructuresEngineer,theBridgeDesignEngineer.



B. Consultant PS&E — Projects on WSDOT Right of Way – PS&EpreparedbyconsultantswillfollowasimilarQC/QAprocedureasthatshownaboveforWSDOTpreparedPS&E’sand,asaminimum,shallincludethefollowingelements:

1. WSDOT Consultant Liaison Engineer’s Responsibilities

a. Reviewscopeofwork.

b. Negotiatecontractandconsultant’sTaskAssignments.

c. Coordinate/NegotiateChangestoScopeofWork.

2. Bridge Scheduling Engineer Responsibilities

a. Addreviewtothebridgeschedule.

b. Assignreviewtoabridgeunitsupervisor.

c. Make2copiesofthereviewplansandspecifications–1forthedesignreviewerand1fortheSpecificationsEngineerReviewer

d. MakeacopyoftheLayoutfortheBridgeInventoryEngineer.

3. WSDOT Design Reviewer’s or Coordinator’s Responsibilities

a. Earlyintheproject,reviewconsultant’sdesigncriteria,andstandarddetailsforconsistencywithWSDOTpracticesandotherbridgedesignsinproject.

b. ReviewthejobfileaspreparedbythePreliminaryPlanEngineer.

c. Identifyresourcesneededtocompletework.

d. Initiateaprojectstart-upmeetingwiththeConsultanttodiscussdesigncriteria,submittalscheduleandexpectations,andalsotofamiliarizehimself/herselfwiththeConsultant’sdesigners.

e. Reachagreementearlyinthedesignprocessregardingstructuralconceptsanddesignmethodstobeused.

f. Identifywhoisresponsibleforwhatandwhenallintermediateconstructability,BridgePlans,andBridgePS&Ereviewsubmittalsaretobemade.

g. Monitorprogress.

h. Facilitatecommunication,includingface-to-facemeetings.

i. VerifythattheConsultant’sdesignhasbeencheckedbytheConsultant’scheckeratthe100%submittal.Thechecker’scalculationsshouldbeincludedinthedesigner’scalculationset.

j. Reviewconsultant’sdesigncalculationsandplansforcompletenessandconformancetoBridgeOfficedesignpractice.Theplansshallbecheckedforconstructability,consistency,clarityandcompliance.Also,selectivelycheckdimensionsandelevations.

k. Resolvedifferences.

4. WSDOT Design Unit Supervisor’s Responsibilities

a. Encourageandfacilitatecommunication.

b. Earlyinvolvementtoassurethatdesignconceptsareappropriate.

c. EmpowerDesignReviewerorCoordinator.

d. FacilitateresolutionofissuesbeyondauthorityofWSDOTReviewerorCoordinator.

e. Facilitateface-to-facemeetings.



5. WSDOT S&E Engineer’s Responsibilities – See Section12.4.8.

6. WSDOT Bridge Design Engineer’s Responsibilities

a. Cursoryreviewofdesignplans.

b. SignatureapprovalofS&Ebridgecontractpackage.

C. Consultant PS&E—ProjectsonCountyandCityRightofWay

CountiesandcitiesfrequentlyhireConsultantstodesignbridges.WSDOTHighwaysandLocalProgramsOfficedeterminewhichprojectsaretobereviewedbytheBridgeandStructuresOffice.

WSDOTHighwaysandLocalProgramssendthePS&EtotheBridgeProjectsEngineerforassignmentwhenareviewisrequired.TheBridgeandStructuresOffice’sConsultantLiaisonEngineerisnotinvolved.

AWSDOTDesignReviewerorCoordinatorwillbeassignedtotheprojectandwillreviewtheprojectasoutlinedforConsultantPS&E—ProjectsonWSDOTRightofWay(seeSection1.3.2.B).

Twosetsofplanswiththereviewers’commentsmarkedinredshouldbereturnedtotheBridgeProjectsUnit.OnesetofplanswillbereturnedtoHighwaysandLocalPrograms.TheBridgeSchedulingEngineerwillfiletheothersetintheBridgeProjectsUnit.

ThefirstreviewshouldbemadeofthePreliminaryPlanfollowedlaterbyreviewofthePS&Eanddesigncalculations.Commentsaretreatedasadvisory,althoughmajorstructuralissuesmustbeaddressedandcorrected.Anengineerfromthecounty,city,orconsultantmaycontactthereviewertodiscussthecomments.

1.3.3 Design/Check Calculation FileA. File of Calculations – TheBridgeandStructuresOfficemaintainsafileofallpertinentdesign/

checkcalculationsfordocumentationandfuturereference.(SeeSection1.3.8ArchivingDesignCalculations,DesignFiles,andS&EFiles).

B. Procedures – Afteranassignedprojectiscompletedandthebridgeisbuilt,thedesignershallturninaboundfilecontainingthedesign/checkcalculationsforarchiving.Thefrontcovershouldhavealabel(See Figure 1.3.8-1).

C. File Inclusions – Thefollowingitemsshouldbeincludedinthefile:

1. Index Sheets – Numberallcalculationsheetsandprepareanindexbysubjectwiththecorrespondingsheetnumbers.

Listthenameoftheproject,SRNumber,designer/checkerinitials,date(month,day,andyear),andUnitSupervisor’sinitials.

2. Design Calculations – Thedesigncalculationsshouldincludedesigncriteria,designassumptions,loadings,structuralanalysis,onesetofmomentandsheardiagramsandpertinentcomputerinputandoutputdata(reducedto8½″by11″sheetsize).

Thedesigncriteria,designassumptions,andspecialdesignfeaturesshouldfollowinthatorderbehindtheindex.

Computer-generateddesigncalculationsmaybeusedinsteadoflonghandcalculations.ThecalculationsheetsshallbeformattedsimilartoWSDOTstandardcalculationsheets(WSDOTForm232-007)forlonghanddesigns.TheheaderforelectroniccalculationsheetsshallcarryWSDOTlogoalongwithprojectname,S.R.number,designerandchecker’sname,date,supervisingengineer,andsheetnumbers.

Allcomputer-generatedorlonghanddesigncalculationsshallbeinitialedbythedesignerandchecker.Checker’sinitialmaynotbenecessaryifseparatecheckcalculationsareprovided.


WSDOT Bridge Design Manual M 23-50.12 Page 1.3-11 August 2012

OutputfromcommercialsoftwareshallbeintegratedintodesigncalculationswithacoversheetthatincludestheWSDOTlogoalongwithprojectname,S.R.number,designerandchecker'sname,date,supervisingengineer,andsheetnumbers.

Consultantsubmitteddesigncalculationsshallcomplywiththeaboverequirements.

DesigncalculationspreparedbytheBridgeDesignOfficeorConsultantsneednotbesealedandsigned.Designcalculationsareconsideredpartoftheprocessthatdevelopscontractplanswhicharethefinaldocuments.

See Appendix1.5-A4-1forexamplesofExceltemplateforcomputer-generateddesigncalculations.Codeandotherreferencesusedindevelopingcalculationsshallbespecified.Ingeneral,whenusingExcelspreadsheet,enoughinformationandequationsshallbeprovided/showninthespreadsheetsothatanindependentcheckercanfollowthecalculations.

3. Special Design Features – Briefnarrativeofmajordesigndecisionsorrevisionsandthereasonsforthem.

4. Construction Problems or Revisions – Notallconstructionproblemscanbeanticipatedduringthedesignofthestructure;therefore,constructionproblemsariseduringconstruction,whichwillrequirerevisions.Calculationsforrevisionsmadeduringconstructionshouldbeincludedinthedesign/checkcalculationfilewhenconstructioniscompleted.

D. File Exclusions – Thefollowingitemsshouldnotbeincludedinthefile:

1. Geometriccalculations.

2. Irrelevantcomputerinformation.

3. PrintsofOfficeStandardSheets.

4. Irrelevantsketches.

5. Voidedsheets.

6. Preliminarydesigncalculationsanddrawingsunlessusedinthefinaldesign.

7. Testholelogs.

8. Quantitycalculations.

1.3.4 PS&E Review PeriodSeeSection12.4.10forPS&EReviewPeriodandTurn-inforADCopyactivities.

1.3.5 AddendaPlanorspecificationrevisionsduringtheadvertisingperiodrequireanaddendum.TheSpecificationsandEstimateEngineerwillevaluatetheneedfortheaddendumafterconsultationwiththeHQConstruction–Bridge,Region,andtheHQorRegionPlansBranch.TheBridgeDesignEngineerortheUnitSupervisormustinitialalladdenda.

Foraddendatocontractplans,obtaintheoriginaldrawingfromtheBridgeProjectsUnit.Useshadingorcloudingtomarkallchanges(exceptdeletions)andplacearevisionnoteatthebottomofthesheet(RegionandHQPlansBranchjointlydetermineaddendumdate)andadescriptionofthechange.Returnthe11″by17″signedoriginalandcopytotheSpecificationsandEstimateEngineerwhowillsubmitthecopytotheHQPlansBranchforprocessing.See Chapter12foradditionalinformation.

Forchangestospecifications,submitacopyofthepagewiththechangetotheSpecificationsandEstimateEngineerforprocessing.



1.3.6 Shop Plans and Permanent Structure Construction ProceduresThissectionpertainstofabricationshopplans,weldprocedures,electricalandmechanicalitems,geotechnicalprocedures,suchas:drilledshaftsandtiebackwalls,andothermiscellaneousitemsrelatedtopermanentconstruction.

Thefollowingisaguideforcheckingshopplansandpermanentstructureconstructionprocedures.

A. Bridge Shop Plans and Procedures

1. Markonecopyofeachsheetwiththefollowing,nearthetitleblock,inredpenorwitharubberstamp:

OfficeCopy Contract(number) (Checker’sinitials)(Date) ApprovalStatus(A,AAN,RFCorStructurallyAcceptable)

2. OntheBridgeOfficecopy,markwithredpenanyerrorsorcorrections.Yellowshallbeusedforhighlightingthecheckeditems.TheredpenmarkswillbecopiedontotheothercopiesandreturnedtotheRegionProjectEngineer.Commentsmadewithredpen,especiallyfor8½″by11″or11″by17″sizesheets,shallbeclear,neat,andconducivetobeingreproducedbyXerox.Thesecommentsshouldbe“bubbled”sotheystandoutonablackandwhiteXeroxcopy.Useoflargesheetsshouldbediscouragedbecausetheserequireextrastaffassistanceandtimetomakethesecopiesbyhand.

3. Itemstobecheckedaretypicallyasfollows:CheckagainstContractPlansandAddenda,SpecialProvisions,PreviouslyApprovedChangesandStandardSpecifications.

a. Materialspecifications(ASTMspecifications,hardness,alloyandtemper,etc.).

b. Sizeofmemberandfasteners.

c. Lengthdimensions,ifshownontheContractPlans.

d. Finish(surfacefinish,galvanizing,anodizing,painting,etc.).

e. Weldsizeandtypeandweldingprocedureifrequired.

f. Strandorrebarplacement,jackingprocedure,stresscalculations,elongations,etc.

g. Fabrication—reaming,drilling,andassemblyprocedures.

h. Adequacyofdetails.

i. Erectionprocedures.

Forprestressedgirdersandpost-tensioningshopplanreviewseeSections5.6.3Aand5.8.6Crespectively.

4. ItemsNotRequiringCheck

a. Quantitiesinbillofmaterials.

b. LengthdimensionsnotshownonContractPlansexceptforspotcheckingandisemphasizedbystampingtheplans:Geometry Not Reviewed by the Bridge and Structures Office.

5. ProjectEngineer’sCopy

DonotusetheProjectEngineer’scopy(commentsorcorrectionsareingreen)astheofficecopy.TransfertheProjectEngineer’scorrections,ifpertinent,totheofficecopyusingredpen.TheProjectEngineer’scommentsmayalsobereceivedbye-mail.



6. MarkingCopies

Whenfinished,marktheofficecopywithoneoffivecategoriesinredpen,lowerrightcorner.

a. “A”

Approved,NoCorrectionsrequired.

b. “AAN”

ApprovedAsNoted—minorcorrectionsonly.Donotplacewrittenquestionsonanapprovedasnotedsheet.

c. “RFC”

ReturnedforCorrection—majorcorrectionsarerequiredwhichrequiresacompleteresubmittal.

d. “StructurallyAcceptable”

Thisisappropriateforitemsthatarenotrequiredtobe“Approved”perthecontract,suchas:workplatforms,submittalsfromvariouslocalagenciesordevelopers,andotheritemsthatarereviewedasacourtesy.

e. “StructurallyAcceptableButDoesNotConformtotheContractRequirements”

Thisisappropriatewhenadeviationfromthecontractisfoundbutisdeterminedtobestructurallyacceptable.

IfindoubtbetweenAANandRFC,checkwiththeUnitSupervisororConstructionSupportEngineer.Anacceptabledetailmaybeshowninred.MarktheplansApproved As NotedprovidedthatthedetailisclearlynotedSuggested Correction — Otherwise Revise and Resubmit.

Donotmarktheothercopies.TheConstructionSupportUnitwilldothis.

NotifytheConstructionSupportEngineerifthereareanystructurallyacceptabledeviationstothecontractplans.TheConstructionSupportEngineerwillnotifyboththeRegionProjectEngineerandHQConstruction-Bridge,whomayhavetoapproveachangeorderandprovidejustificationforthechangeorder.

NotifytheUnitSupervisorandtheConstructionSupportEngineerifproblemsareencounteredwhichmaycauseadelayinthecheckingoftheshopplansorcompletionofthecontract.Typically,WSDOTadministeredcontractsrequirereviewstobecompletedwithin30days.ThereviewtimestartswhentheProjectEngineerfirstreceivesthesubmittalfromtheContractorandendswhentheContractorhasreceivedthesubmittalbackfromtheProjectEngineer.TheBridgeOfficedoesnothavetheentire30-dayreviewperiodtocompletethereview.Therefore,designersshouldgiveconstructionreviewshighpriorityandcompletereviewsinatimelymannersocostlyconstructiondelaysareavoided.Timeisalsorequiredformarking,mailingandotherprocessing.ItisthegoaloftheBridgeandStructuresOfficetoreturnreviewedsubmittalsbacktotheProjectEngineerwithin7to14daysoftheirreceiptbytheBridgeConstructionSupportUnit.

ReturnallshopdrawingsandContractPlanstotheConstructionSupportUnitwhencheckingiscompleted.IncludealistofanydeviationsfromtheContractPlansthatareallowedandalistofanydisagreementswiththeProjectEngineer’scomments(regardlessofhowminortheymaybe).

IfdeviationsfromtheContractPlansaretobeallowed,aChangeOrdermayberequired.AlerttheConstructionSupportUnitsothattheirtransmittallettermayinformtheRegionandtheHQConstruction-Bridge.

UndernocircumstancesshouldthereviewermarkontheshopplansthatachangeorderisrequiredornotifytheProjectEngineerthatachangeorderisrequired.TheauthorityfordeterminingwhetherachangeorderisrequiredrestswithHQConstruction-Bridge.



B. Sign Structure, Signal, and Illumination Shop Plans – InadditiontotheinstructionsdescribedunderSection1.3.6ABridgeShopPlansandProcedures,thefollowinginstructionsapply:

1. ReviewtheshopplanstoensurethatthepolesizesconformtotheContractPlans.Determineifthefabricatorhassuppliedplansforeachpoleortypeofpolecalledforinthecontract.

2. TheProjectEngineer’scopymayshowshaftlengthswherenotshownonContractPlansorwhetherachangefromContractPlansisrequired.Manufacturer’sdetailsmayvaryslightlyfromcontractplanrequirements,butmustbestructurallyadequatetobeacceptable.

C. Geotechnical Submittals – TheBridgeOfficeandtheGeotechnicalServicesBranchconcurrentlyreviewthesesubmittalswhichmayincludespecialdesignproprietaryretainingwalls,drilledshafts,groundanchors,andsoldierpiles.HQConstructionOffice-Bridgeisincludedforthereviewofdrillshaftinstallationplans.TheConstructionSupportUnitcombinesthesecommentsandpreparesaunifiedreplythatisreturnedtotheProjectEngineer

1.3.7 Contract Plan Changes (Change Orders and As-Builts)A. Request for Changes – Thefollowingisintendedasaguideforprocessingchangestothedesign

plansafteraprojecthasbeenawarded.

ForprojectswhichhavebeenassignedaBridgeTechnicalAdvisor(BTA),structuraldesignchangeorderscanbeapprovedattheProjectEngineer’slevelprovidedtheinstructionsoutlinedintheConstruction Manual M41-01arefollowed.

Forallotherprojects,allchangesaretobeforwardedthroughtheConstructionSupportUnit,whichwillinformtheHQConstructionEngineer-Bridge.Responsestoinquiriesshouldbehandledasfollows:

1. Request by Contractor or Supplier – Adesigner,BTA,orUnitSupervisorcontacteddirectlybyacontractor/suppliermaydiscussaproposedchangewiththecontractor/supplier,butshallclearlytellthecontractor/suppliertoformallysubmittheproposedchangethoughtheProjectEngineerandthatthediscussioninnowayimpliesapprovaloftheproposedchange.DesignersaretoinformtheirUnitSupervisoriftheyarecontacted.

2. Request From the Region Project Engineer – RequestsforchangesdirectlyfromtheProjectEngineertodesignerortheUnitSupervisorshouldbediscouraged.TheProjectEngineershouldcontactHQConstruction-Bridge,whointurnwillcontactthedesignerorUnitSupervisorifclarificationisneededregardingchanges.TheConstructionSupportUnitshouldbeinformedofanychanges.

3. Request From the Region Construction Engineer – RequestsfromtheRegionConstructionEngineeraretobehandledlikerequestsfromtheRegionProjectEngineer.

4. Request From the HQ Construction - Bridge – RequestsforchangesfromHQConstruction-BridgeareusuallymadethroughtheConstructionSupportUnitandnotdirectlytotheDesignUnit.However,sometimes,itisnecessarytoworkdirectlywiththeDesignUnit.TheConstructionSupportUnitshouldbeinformedofanydecisionsmadeinvolvingchangestotheContractPlans.

5. Request From the Design Unit – RequestforchangesfromtheDesignUnitduetoplanerrorsoromissionsshallbediscussedwiththeBridgeDesignEngineerpriortorevisingandissuingnewplansheets.

B. Processing Contract Revisions – ChangestotheContractPlansorSpecificationssubsequenttotheawardofthecontractmayrequireacontractplanrevision.Revisedoradditionalplansheets,whichclearlyidentifythechangeontheplans,maybeneeded.Whenarevisionoranadditionaldrawingisnecessary,requesttheoriginalplansheetsfromtheConstructionSupportUnit’sBridgePlansEngineerandpreparerevisedorneworiginalplansheets.




Sign,date,andsendthenewplansheetstotheBridgePlansEngineer.SendtwopapercopiestoHQConstruction-Bridge.TheConstructionSupportUnitrequiresonepapercopy.TheDesignUnitrequiresoneormorepapercopies.Onepaperprint,stamped“As Constructed Plans”,shallbesenttotheProjectEngineer,whoshalluseittomarkconstructionchangesandforwardthemas“As-Built Plans”totheBridgePlansEngineeruponprojectcompletion.TheDesignerisresponsibleformakingtheprintsanddistributingthem.

ThisprocessappliestoallcontractsincludingHQAdandAward,RegionAdandAward,orLocalAgencyAdandAward.

Whenevernewplansheetsarerequiredaspartofacontractrevision,theinformationinthetitleblocksofthesesheetsmustbeidenticaltothetitleblocksofthecontracttheyarefor(e.g.,JobNumber,ContractNo.,Fed.AidProj.No.,Approvedby,andtheProjectName).ThesetitleblocksshallalsobeinitialedbytheBridgeDesignEngineer,UnitSupervisor,designer,andreviewerbeforetheyaredistributed.Ifthechangesaremodificationsmadetoanexistingsheet,thesheetnumberwillremainthesame.Anewsheetshallbeassignedthesamenumberastheoneintheoriginalsthatitmostcloselyresemblesandshallbegivenaletterafterthenumber(e.g.,ifthenewsheetappliestotheoriginalsheet25of53,thenitwillhavenumber25Aof53).TheBridgePlansEngineerintheConstructionSupportUnitshallstorethe11″by17″originalrevisionsheets.

Everyrevisionwillbeassignedanumber,whichshallbeenclosedinsideatriangle.Theassignednumbershallbelocatedbothatthelocationofthechangeonthesheetandintherevisionblockoftheplansheetalongwithanexplanationofthechange.

AnyrevisedsheetsshallbesenttoHQConstruction-Bridgewithawrittenexplanationdescribingthechangestothecontract,justificationforthechanges,andalistofmaterialquantityadditionsordeletions.

C. As-Built Plan Process – Formoreinformationontheas-builtplanprocessforbridges,seetheAs-Built Plans Manual,preparedbytheBridgeandStructuresOffice,datedAugust2003.CopiesareavailablefromtheBridgePlansEngineer.

1.3.8 Archiving Design Calculations, Design Files, and S&E FilesA. Upon Award – TheBridgePlansEngineerwillcollecttheDesignFile(JobFile),S&EFileand

DesignCalculations.Fileswillbeplacedinatemporarystoragespacemarkedas“DesignUnitDocumentTemporaryStorage”.Thesecabinetswillbelocked,andonlytheBridgePlansEngineer,theSchedulingEngineer,andtheOfficeAdministratorwillhavekeystothem.TheDesignFiles,S&EFiles,andDesignCalculationsarestoredunderthecontractnumber.

ABridgeandStructuresstaffmembermayaccesstheDesignFiles,S&EFiles,orDesignCalculationsbyrequestingthefilesfromtheBridgePlansEngineerortheSchedulingEngineer,whowillcheckoutthefilesandnotethedateandperson’sname.IfapersonotherthanaBridgeandStructuresOfficestaffmemberrequeststhesedocuments,theapprovaloftheBridgeDesignEngineerorBridgeProjectsEngineerwillberequiredforreleaseofthedocuments.

B. Upon Contract Completion – Thedesignerwillplaceajobfilecoverlabelonthefilefolder(seeFigure 1-3.8-1)andupdatethefilewithanycontractplanchangesthathaveoccurredduringconstruction.

Twoyearsafterphysicalcompletionofthecontract,theBridgePlansEngineerwillboxandsendthedocumentstotheOfficeofSecretaryofStateforarchivestorage,exceptasotherwiseapprovedbytheBridgeDesignEngineer.

TheBridgePlansEngineerwillmaintainarecordofthedocumentslocationandarchivestatus.



SR # County CS # Bridge Name Bridge # Contract # Contents Designed by Checked by Archive Box # Vol . #

Cover LabelFigure 1.3.8-1

1.3.9 Public Disclosure Policy Regarding Bridge PlansTheBridgeManagementEngineeristheBridgeandStructuresOffice’sofficialPublicDisclosurecontactandshallbecontactedforclarificationand/ordirection.

ExecutiveOrder,E1023.0 Public Disclosure,whichreplacedDirectiveD72-21 Release of Public Records,providesaspecificproceduretofollowwhenthereisarequestforpublicrecords. (Seewwwi.wsdot.wa.gov/publications/policies/default.htm.)

TheBridgeandStructuresOfficeisthe“owner”ofonlytwotypesof“official”records:(1)DesignCalculations(untiltheyareturnedovertotheStateArchivesOffice)and(2)BridgeInspectionDocuments.

Norecordswillbedisclosedwithoutawrittenrequest.Thisrequestistobespecific.

As-builtplansavailableontheBridgeandStructureswebsitearenot“official”as-builtplans.TheRegionsaretheownersofthe“official”as-builtplansandtheprocedureforprovidingrequestedcopiesoftheseplansissimilartotheprocedureoutlinedabovewiththefollowingmodifications:• IfyoureceiveawrittenorverbalrequestforasetofplansfromapersonindirectlyworkingforWSDOT(i.e.contractor,consultant),advisethemtocontactandrequesttheplansfromtheWSDOTProjectEngineer.

• IftherequestcomesfromapersondirectlyworkingonaBridgeOfficeprojectasanon-callconsultant,havethemcontactandrequesttheplansfromtheBridgeandStructuresOffice’sConsultantLiaisonEngineer.

• IftherequestcomesfromapersonnotworkingforWSDOT,theymustsubmittheirwrittenrequesttothepersonandaddressnotedbelowanditwillbeforwardedtotheappropriateRegiontoprovidetherequesteddocuments.

Writtenrequestsmustbesentto: RecordsandInformationServiceOffice WashingtonStateDepartmentofTransportation 310MapleParkAvenue P.O.Box47410 Olympia,WA98504-7410 Attn:Ms.CathyDowns

http://wwwi.wsdot.wa.gov/Publications/Policies/default.htm



1.3.10 Use of Computer SoftwareA. Protection of Intellectual Property – ManyofthesoftwaretoolsusedbytheBridgeandStructures

Officearelicensedfromcommercialsoftwarevendors.WSDOTiscommittedtousingthesetoolsonlyasallowedbylawandaspermittedbysoftwarelicense.WSDOTemployeesshallcomplywiththetermsandconditionsofalllicensingagreementsandprovisionsoftheCopyrightActandotherapplicablelaws.

BeforeusinganysoftwaretoolsWSDOTemployeesshallreadandunderstandInstructionalLetter4032.00 Computer Software Piracy Prevention, and the Protection of Intellectual Property.1

B. Policy on Open Source Software – ItisthepolicyoftheBridgeandStructuresOfficetolicenseitsownengineeringsoftwareasopensource,andtopreferandpromotetheuseofopensourcesoftware,withinthebridgeengineeringcommunity.

Tosupportthispolicyonopensourcebridgeengineeringsoftware,theBridgeandStructuresOfficeisafoundingandparticipatingmemberoftheAlternateRouteProject.ThepurposeoftheAlternateRouteProjectistoserveasafocalpointforthecollaborativeandcooperativedevelopmentofopensourcebridgeengineeringsoftwaretools.

C. Approved Software Tools – AlistofapprovedsoftwaretoolsavailableforusebyWSDOTbridgedesignengineersisavailableatwwwi.wsdot.wa.gov/eesc/bridge/software.NotethatthislistisonlyavailableontheWSDOTintranet.WSDOTdoesnotrequireconsultingengineerstouseanyspecificsoftwaretools,solongastheuseofthetoolsareinaccordancewithsoundengineeringpractice,anddoesnotviolatesoftwarelicensingagreementsandCopyrightlaw.

Whenusingpersonaldesigntoolscreatedbyothers,suchasaspreadsheetorMathCADdocument,thedesignerisresponsibleforthoroughlycheckingthetooltoensuretheintegrityofthestructuralanalysisanddesign.

wwwi.wsdot.wa.gov/eesc/bridge/software





1.4 Coordination With Other Divisions and AgenciesDuringthevariousphasesofdesign,itisnecessarytocoordinatetheelementsofthebridgedesignfunctionwiththerequirementsofotherdivisionsandagencies.E-mailmessages,telephonecalls,andotherdirectcommunicationwithotherofficesarenecessaryandappropriate.Adequatecommunicationsareessentialbutorganizationalformatandlinesofresponsibilitymustberecognized.However,awrittenrequestsentthroughproperchannelsisrequiredbeforeworkcanbedoneordesignchangesmadeonprojects.

1.4.1 Preliminary Planning PhaseSee Chapter2.1ofthismanualforcoordinationrequiredatthepreliminaryplanningphase.

1.4.2 Final Design PhaseA. Coordination With Region–FinalcoordinationofthebridgedesignwithRegionrequirements

mustbeaccomplishedduringthefinaldesignphase.ThisisnormallydonewiththeRegionProjectEngineer,RegionDesignEngineer,orRegionPlansEngineer.DetailssuchasdivisionofquantityitemsbetweentheRegionPS&EandbridgePS&Eareveryimportanttoafinalcontractplanset.TheRegionPS&EandbridgePS&EarecombinedbytheRegionPlansBranch.However,coordinationshouldbeaccomplishedbeforethistime.

DuringthedesignofaprojectforaRegionlevelcontract,theRegionshallprovideacopyoftheproposedstructuralplans(suchasretainingwalls,barrier,largeculverts,etc.)totheBridgeandStructuresOffice.TheBridgeandStructuresOfficewillreviewtheseplansandindicateanyrequiredchangesandthensendthembacktotheRegion.

TheRegionshallincorporatethechangespriortocontractadvertisement.

Aftercontractadvertisement,theRegionshallreturntheoriginalplansheetstoBridgeandStructuresOffice.ThesesheetsshallbeheldintemporarystorageuntiltheRegioncompletesthe“AsConstructedPlans”forthem.

TheRegionshallthentransmitthe“AsConstructedPlans”toBridgeandStructuresOfficewheretheywillbetransferredtotheoriginalplansforpermanentstorage.Uponrequest,theRegionwillbeprovidedcopiesoftheseplansbytheBridgeandStructuresOffice.

B. Technical Design Matters–TechnicalcoordinationmustbedonewiththeHQMaterialsLaboratoryFoundationEngineerandwiththeHQHydraulicEngineerformatterspertainingtotheirresponsibilities.Aportionofthecriteriaforaprojectdesignmaybederivedfromthiscoordination;otherwiseitshallbedevelopedbythedesignerandapprovedbytheBridgeDesignEngineer.

Thedesignershouldensureuniformityofstructuraldetails,biditems,specifications,andotheritemswhentwoormorestructuresaretobeadvertisedunderthesamecontract.





1.5 Bridge Design Scheduling1.5.1 GeneralTheBridgeProjectsEngineerisresponsibleforworkforceprojections,scheduling,andmonitoringprogressofprojects.TheBridge Design Schedule (BDS)isusedtotracktheprogressofaprojectandisupdatedmonthlybytheBridgeSchedulingEngineer.Atypicalprojectwouldinvolvethefollowingsteps:

A. RegionsadviseBridgeandStructuresOfficeofanupcomingproject.

B. TheBridgeProjectsUnitdeterminesthescopeofwork,estimatesdesigntimeandcosttopreparepreliminaryplans,design,andS&E(seeSection1.5.2).TheUnitSupervisormayalsodothisandnotifytheBridgeProjectsEngineer.

C. TheprojectisenteredintotheBDSwithstartandduedatesforsitedatapreliminaryplan,projectdesign,PS&E,andtheAdDate.

D. Bridgesitedatareceived.

E. Preliminarydesignstarted.

F. FinalDesignStarted–Designerestimatestimerequiredforfinalplans(seeSection1.5.3).

G. MonthlyScheduleUpdate–EachUnitSupervisorisresponsibleformaintainingaworkforceprojection,monitoringmonthlyprogressforassignedprojects,andreportingprogressoranychangestothescopeofworkorscheduletotheBridgeProjectsEngineer.

H. ProjectturnedintoS&Eunit.

1.5.2 Preliminary Design ScheduleThepreliminarydesignestimatedonebytheBridgeProjectsUnitisbasedonhistoricalrecordsfrompastprojectstakingintoconsiderationtheuniquefeaturesofeachproject,theefficienciesofdesigningsimilarandmultiplebridgesonthesameproject,designer’sexperience,andotherappropriatefactors.

1.5.3 Final Design ScheduleA. Breakdown of Project Man-Hours Required–Usingaspreadsheet,listeachitemofworkrequired

tocompletetheprojectandtheman-hoursrequiredtoaccomplishthem.Certainitemsofworkmayhavebeenpartiallycompletedduringthepreliminarydesign,andthispartialcompletionshouldbereflectedinthecolumns“%Completed”and“DateCompleted.”SeeAppendix1.5-A1 and1.5-A2.

Thedesignerordesignteamleadershouldresearchseveralsourceswhenmakingthefinaldesigntimeestimate.Thefollowingarepossiblesourcesthatmaybeused:

The“BridgeDesignSummary”containsrecordsofdesigntimeandcostsforpastprojects.ThissummaryiskeptintheBridgeProjectsUnit.Thetimesgivenincludepreliminaryplan,design,check,drafting,andsupervision.

TheBridgeProjectsUnithas“BridgeConstructionCostSummary”books.Thesearegroupedaccordingtobridgetypesandhaverecordsofdesigntime,numberofdrawings,andbridgecost.

B. Estimate Design Time Required–Thedesignerordesignteamleadershalldetermineanestimateofdesigntimerequiredtocompletetheproject.Theuseofaspreadsheet,orothermeansisencouragedtoensuretimelycompletionandadherencetotheschedule.Use150hoursforonemanmonth.



Thefollowingpercentagesshouldbeusedforthefollowingactivities:

Activity No. Percentage1 402 203 204 55 56 57 5

Total 100%

Theindividualactivitiesincludethespecificitemsasfollowsundereachmajoractivity.

ActivityNo.1 Design—SeeSection1.3.2.A.2—Includes:

1. ProjectcoordinationandmaintainingtheDesignFile.

2. Geometriccomputations.

3. Designcalculations.

4. Completecheckofallplansheetsbythedesigner.

5. Computequantitiesandpreparebarlist.

6. Preparingspecialprovisionschecklist.

7. AssemblebackupdatacoveringanyunusualfeatureintheDesignFile.

ActivityNo.2 DesignCheck—SeeSection1.3.2.A.3—Includes:

1. Checkingdesignatmaximumstresslocations.

2. Checkingmajoritemsonthedrawings,includinggeometrics.

3. Additionalcheckingrequired.

ActivityNo.3 Drawings—SeeSection1.3.2.A.4 —Includes:

1. Preparationofalldrawings.

ActivityNo.4 Revisions—Includes:

1. Revisionsresultingfromthechecker’scheck.

2. RevisionsresultingfromtheUnitSupervisor’sreview.

3. RevisionsfromS&EEngineer’sreview.

4. RevisionsfromRegion’sreview.

ActivityNo.5 Quantities—Includes:

1. Computequantitiesincludingbarlist.

2. Checkquantitiesandbarlist.

ActivityNo.6 S&E—SeeSection12.4—Includes:

1. PrepareS&E.

2. Prepareworkingdayschedule.

ActivityNo.7 ProjectReview—Includes:

1. UnitSupervisorandSpecialist’sreview.



C. Monthly Project Progress Report–ThedesignerordesignteamleaderisresponsiblefordeterminingmonthlyprojectprogressandreportingtheresultstotheUnitSupervisor.TheUnitSupervisorisresponsibleformonthlyprogressreportsusinginformationfromthedesignerordesignteamleader.Anydiscrepanciesbetweenactualprogressandtheprojectschedulemustbeaddressed.Reportanyrevisionstotheworkforceassignedtotheproject,hoursassignedtoactivities,orprojectschedulerevisionstotheBridgeProjectsEngineerandRegion.

Thedesignermayuseacomputerspreadsheet,totracktheprogressoftheprojectandasanaidinevaluatingthepercentcomplete.OthertoolsincludeusinganExcelspreadsheetlistingbridgesheetplansbytitle,bridgesheetnumber,percentdesigncomplete,percentdesigncheck,percentplandetailscompleted,andpercentplandetailschecked.Thisdataallowsthedesignerordesignteamleadertorapidlydeterminepercentofprojectcompletionandwhereresourcesneedtobeallocatedtocompletetheprojectonschedule.





1.6 Guidelines for Bridge Site VisitsThefollowingguidelinesareestablishedtohelpallstaffindeterminingtheneedforvisitingbridgesitespriortofinaldesign.Theseguidelinesshouldapplytoconsultantsaswellastoourownstaff.Inallcases,theRegionprojectengineershouldbemadeawareofthesitevisitsotheymayhavetheopportunitytoparticipate.Regionparticipationisveryusefulpriortopreparingthepreliminarybridgeplans.

1.6.1 Bridge Rehabilitation ProjectsThissectionpertainstomajorbridgerehabilitationprojectsandexcludesrailandminorexpansionjointrehabilitationprojects.Itiscriticalthatthedesignteamknowasmuchaspossibleaboutthebridgewhichistoberehabilitated.Recentbridgeinspectionreports,preparedbyinspectorsfromtheBridgePreservationOffice(BPO),containusefulinformationontheconditionofexistingbridges.Thebridgeinspectionreports,aswellasas-builtplans,areavailableontheIntranetthroughBridge Engineering Information System (BEIST).BPOmaintainsBEIST.

As-builtdrawingsandcontractdocumentsarealsohelpful,butmaynotnecessarilybeaccurate.Atleastonebridgesitevisitisnecessaryforthistypeofproject.Insomecases,anin-depthinspectionwithexperiencedBPOinspectorsisappropriate.Thedecisiontoperformanin-depthinspectionshouldincludetheUnitSupervisor,Region,theBridgeDesignEngineer,andtheBridgePreservationEngineer.

ItmaybenecessarytouseBPO’sUnderBridgeInspectionTruck(UBIT)ifthereisaneedtoaccessdetailsandobtainmeasurementsduringthefieldvisit.AdvanceplanningandcoordinationwithBPOwillbenecessaryifUBITequipmentisrequiredbecauseofBPO’sheavyworkloadandtheneedtoprovidetrafficcontrolwellinadvanceofthesitevisit.

1.6.2 Bridge Widening and Seismic RetrofitsForthistypeofbridgeproject,itisimportantthatthedesignteamisfamiliarwiththefeaturesandconditionoftheexistingbridge.ThereisgoodinformationregardingtheconditionofexistingbridgesonBEISTandattheBridgePreservationOffice.As-builtdrawingsandcontractdocumentsarealsohelpful,butmaynotnecessarilybeaccurate.Asitevisitisrecommendedforthistypeofprojectifthebridgetobewidenedhasuniquefeaturesorisotherthanastandardprestressedgirderbridgewithelastomericbearings.

1.6.3 Rail and Minor Expansion Joint RetrofitsGenerally,photographsandsiteinformationfromtheRegionalongwithas-builtplansandconditionsurveyinformationareadequateformostofthesetypesofprojects.However,ifthereisanydoubtabouttheadequacyoftheavailableinformationorconcernaboutaccelerateddeteriorationofthestructuralelementstoberetrofitted,asitevisitisrecommended.

1.6.4 New BridgesGenerally,photographsandsitedatafromtheRegionareadequateformostnewbridgedesigns.However,ifthenewbridgeisareplacementforanexistingbridge,asitevisitisrecommended,particularlyiftheprojectrequiresstagedremovaloftheexistingbridgeand/orstagedconstructionofthenewbridge.

1.6.5 Bridge DemolitionIfbridgedemolitionisrequiredaspartofaproject,asitevisitwouldhelpthedesignteamdetermineifthereareuniquesiterestrictionsthatcouldaffectthedemolition.Ifuniquesiterestrictionsareobserved,theyshouldbedocumented,includedinthejobfile,andnotedonthespecialprovisionschecklist.

Beforemakingasitevisit,theBridgePreservationOfficeandtheRegionshouldbecontactedtodetermineifthereareanyuniquesiteconditionsorsafetyhazards.Propersafetyequipmentandproceduresshouldalwaysbefollowedduringanysitevisit.



Whenmakingasitevisit,itisimportanttoobtainasmuchinformationaspossible.Digitalphotographs,videorecordswithspokencommentary,fieldmeasurements,andfieldnotesareappropriateformsoffieldinformation.Awrittenorpictorialrecordshouldbemadeofanyobservedproblemswithanexistingbridgeorobvioussiteproblems.Thesitevisitdatawouldthenbeincorporatedintothejobfile.Thisinformationwillbeavaluableassetinpreparingconstructibleandcost-effectivestructuraldesigns.

Itisimportanttoincludesitevisitsaspartoftheconsultant’sscopeofworkwhennegotiatingforstructuraldesignwork.

1.6.6 Proximity of Railroads Adjacent to the Bridge SiteDuringthesitevisit,itshouldbenotediftherearerailroadtracksorrailroadstructuresadjacenttotheproposedbridgesite.Ifthereare,thiswillrequirethataRailroad Shoring Planbeincludedinthebridgeplansforanyfoundationexcavationadjacenttotherailroad.ThereasonforincludingtheRailroad Shoring Planistoobtainadvanceapprovaloftheshoringplanfromtherailroadsothatwaitingfortherailroad’sapprovalwillnotcauseadelayduringconstruction.ThecontractorwillhavetoresubmitarevisedRailroad Shoring PlantotherailroadforapprovalifthecontractorwishestochangeanydetailsoftheapprovedRailroad Shoring Planduringconstruction.

AtthePS&Esubmittalphase,theSpecificationsandEstimatesEngineerwillsendcopiesoftheRailroad Shoring PlantotheWSDOTRailroadLiaisonEngineersoitcanbesenttotherailroadforapproval.



1.99 References1. LRFD Bridge Design Specifications,LatestEditionandInterims.AmericanAssociationofState

HighwayandTransportationOfficials(AASHTO),Washington,D.C.

2. Design Manual,WSDOTM22-01.

3. Construction Manual,WSDOTM41-01.

4. As-Built Plans Manual,WSDOTBridgeandStructuresOffice,August2003.

5. AASHTO Guide Specifications for LRFD Seismic Bridge Design,LatestEditionandInterims.AmericanAssociationofStateHighwayandTransportationOfficials(AASHTO),Washington,D.C.





WSDOT Bridge Design Manual M 23-50.06 Page 1.1-A1-1 July 2011

Bridge Design Manual Appendix 1.1-A1 Revision QA/QC Worksheet

Name Approval Signature Date

Revision Author

Revision Checker

Chapter Author

Bridge Design Engineer

BDM Coordinator

Check of Revised Sheets

Revision Description:


Page 1.1-A1-2 WSDOT Bridge Design Manual M 23-50.06 July 2011


Breakdown of Project Appendix 1.5-A1 Manhours Required Form




Monthly Project Appendix 1.5-A2 Progress Report Form

Refe

renc

e No

.

As o

f

Refe

renc

e No

.

As o

f

Refe

renc

e No

.

As o

f

Refe

renc

e No

.

As o

f Man HoursUsed to Date

% of TotalTime Used

% of ActivityComplete

% of TotalProject Complete

Man HoursUsed to Date

% of TotalTime Used




% of TotalTime Used




% of TotalTime Used



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9Activity No.

Tota

ls

Mon

thly

Pro

ject

Pro

gres

s Re

port

Wash

ingto

n S

tate

D

epart

men

t of

Tra

nsp

ort

ati

on

DO

T 23

2-00

4 (f

orm

erly

C1M

4)R

ev 3

/91

SRJo

b No

.Pr

ojec

t



WSDOT Bridge Design Manual M 23-50.11 Page 1.5-A3-1 March 2012

Appendix 1.5-A3 QA/QC Signature Sheet


Page 1.5-A3-2 WSDOT Bridge Design Manual M 23-50.11 March 2012


Bridge & Structures Appendix 1.5-A4 Design Calculations

1 1 Sheet No . of Sheets Code

S .R . Made By Check By Date7/7/10

Supv Reference

Bridge & StructuresDesign Calculations

Project

C:\AAWork\Bridge Template.xlsx Sheet1

