Diploma in Mechanical Engineering (Material)

djj3213 MATERIAL science www.pis.edu.my

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Material ScienceWeek 1

One

Diploma in Mechanical Engineering (Material)

Djj3213 material science www.pis.edu.my

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Course Learning Outcomes

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Explain the fundamental of material science including identification of various types of material, mechanical behaviour, metal production processes and various principle of material testing

Diploma in Mechanical Engineering (Material)

Djj3213 material science www.pis.edu.my

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Introduction to material science

Diploma in Mechanical Engineering (Material)

Djj3213 material science www.pis.edu.my

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Introduction of material science

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Definition of material science.Material science is the investigation of relationship among processing, structure, properties, and performance of materials.

PropertiesProperties are the way the material responds to the environment and external forces

Classification of MaterialMetal, Polymers, Ceramics, Composites and Advanced Material

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Diploma in Mechanical Engineering (Material)

Djj3213 material science www.pis.edu.my

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What are Materials?

That’s easy! Look around.Our clothes are made of materials, our homes are made of materials - mostly manufactured. Glass windows, vinyl siding, metal silverware, ceramic dishes…Most things are made from many different kinds of materials.

Diploma in Mechanical Engineering (Material)

Djj3213 material science www.pis.edu.my

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What are Materials Science?

Example - the dramatic role of iron throughout the ages is not really the result of it being "strong". In reality, iron has been important because we can change its properties by heating and cooling it. The ability to change the properties and/or behavior of a material is what makes most materials useful and this is at the heart of materials science!

Diploma in Mechanical Engineering (Material)

Djj3213 material science www.pis.edu.my

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Kinds of Materials

Metals: valence electrons are detached from atoms, and spread in an 'electron sea' that "glues" the ions together. Strong, ductile, conduct electricity and heat well, are shiny if polished.

Ceramics: are generally compounds between metallic and nonmetallic elements. Typically they are insulating and resistant to high temperatures, hard brittle, insulators. Example: glass, porcelain.

Diploma in Mechanical Engineering (Material)

Djj3213 material science www.pis.edu.my

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Kinds of Materials

Plastics: (or polymers) are generally organic compounds based upon carbon and hydrogen. They are very large molecular structures. Usually they are low density and are not stable at high temperatures. Examples: plastics, rubber.

Semiconductors: the bonding is covalent (electrons are shared between atoms). Their electrical properties depend strongly on minute proportions of contaminants. Examples: Si, Ge,

Diploma in Mechanical Engineering (Material)

Djj3213 material science www.pis.edu.my

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Advanced Material

Nanotechnology: a relatively new area grown out of techniques used to manufacture semiconductor circuits. Machines can be produced on a microscopic level. Example - miniature robots to do surgery inside the body or miniature chemical laboratories and instruments that will continuously analyze blood and dispense medications inside the body

Diploma in Mechanical Engineering (Material)

Djj3213 material science www.pis.edu.my

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Smart MaterialSmart materials are materials that have one or more properties that can be significantly changed by external factors , such as stress, temperature,moisture, pH, electric or magnetic fields

Diploma in Mechanical Engineering (Material)

Djj3213 material science www.pis.edu.my

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There are a number of types of smart material, some of which are already common. Some examples are as following:1. Piezoelectric Materials2. Electro-rheostatic and Magneto-rheostatic3. Shape Memory Alloys

Diploma in Mechanical Engineering (Material)

Djj3213 material science www.pis.edu.my

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Piezoelectric Materials

Piezoelectric materials are most widely used as sensors in different environments. They are often used to measure fluid compositions, fluid density, fluid viscosity, or the force of an impact. An example of a piezoelectric material in everyday life is the airbag sensor in your car. The material senses the force of an impact on the car and sends and electric charge deploying the airbag.

Diploma in Mechanical Engineering (Material)

Djj3213 material science www.pis.edu.my

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Piezoelectric Materials

Diploma in Mechanical Engineering (Material)

Djj3213 material science www.pis.edu.my

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Electro-rheostatic and Magneto-rheostaticElectro-rheostatic (ER) and magneto-rheostatic (MR) materials are fluids, which can experience a dramatic change in their viscosity. These fluids can change from a thick fluid (similar to motor oil) to nearly a solid substance within the span of a millisecond when exposed to a magnetic or electric field; the effect can be completely reversed just as quickly when the field is removed.

Diploma in Mechanical Engineering (Material)

Djj3213 material science www.pis.edu.my

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MR fluids experience a viscosity change when exposed to a magnetic field, while ER fluids experience similar changes in an electric field. The composition of each type of smart fluid varies widely. The most common form of MR fluid consists of tiny iron particles suspended in oil, while ER fluids can be as simple as milk chocolate or cornstarch and oil.

Diploma in Mechanical Engineering (Material)

Djj3213 material science www.pis.edu.my

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The MR fluid is liquid as shown on the left, when no magnetic field is present, but turns solid immediately after being placed in a magnetic field on the right. The MR fluid is liquid as shown on the left, when no magnetic field is present, but turns solid immediately after being placed in a magnetic field on the right.

Diploma in Mechanical Engineering (Material)

Djj3213 material science www.pis.edu.my

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Shape Memory AlloysA shape-memory alloy (SMA, smart metal, memory metal, memory alloy, muscle wire, smart alloy) is an alloy that "remembers" its original, cold-forged shape: returning the pre-deformed shape by heating. This material is a lightweight, solid-state alternative to conventional actuators such as hydraulic, pneumatic, and motor-based systems. Shape-memory alloys have applications in industries including medical and aerospace.

Diploma in Mechanical Engineering (Material)

Djj3213 material science www.pis.edu.my

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Shape Memory Alloy

Diploma in Mechanical Engineering (Material)

Djj3213 material science www.pis.edu.my

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Applications:AircraftBoeing, General Electric Aircraft Engines, Goodrich Corporation, NASA, and All Nippon Airways developed the Variable Geometry Chevron using shape-memory alloy that reduces aircraft's engine noisePipingThe first consumer commercial application for the material was as a shape-memory coupling for piping, e.g. oil line pipes for industrial applications, water pipes and similar types of piping for consumer/commercial applications.

Diploma in Mechanical Engineering (Material)

JB 607 Non destructive testing www.pis.edu.my

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Chapter 2Type the keyword

Material Structure & Bonding