Chapter 1Introduction to ChemistryMilbank High School

Section 1.1ChemistryOBJECTIVES:Define chemistry and differentiate among its traditional divisions.

Section 1.1ChemistryOBJECTIVES:List several reasons to study chemistry.

What is Chemistry?The study of matter, its composition, properties, and the changes it undergoes. Everyday life?Applied Chemistry- is using chemistry to attain certain goals, in fields like medicine, agriculture, and manufacturingPure chemistry- gathers knowledge for the sake of knowledge

5 Major Areas of ChemistryAnalytical Chemistry- concerned with the composition of substances.Inorganic Chemistry- primarily deals with substances without carbonOrganic Chemistry- essentially all substances containing carbonBiochemistry- Chemistry of living thingsPhysical Chemistry- describes the behavior of chemicals (ex. stretching)

Chemistry iscentral to modern science, and to almost all human endeavors.important to all sciences - biology, geology, physics, engineers, etc.a natural science.a language with its own vocabulary.a way of thinking.

Why Study Chemistry?everyone and everything around us involves chemistryWhat in the world isnt Chemistry?helps you make choicespossible career for your futureused to attain a specific goalDo you remember pure and applied chemistry?

Section 1.2Chemistry Far and WideOBJECTIVES:Summarize ways in which chemistry affects your daily life.

Section 1.2Chemistry Far and WideOBJECTIVES:Describe the impact of chemistry on various fields of science.

Chemistry Far and WideMaterials- perfume, steel, ceramics, plastics, rubber, paints, nonstick cooking utensils, polyester fibersEnergy- greater demandsconserve it, or produce morefossil fuels, solar, batteries, nuclear (dont forget pollution!)

Chemistry Far and WideMedicine and Biotechnology-vitamin C, penicillin, aspirinmaterials for artery transplants and hipbonesHuman Genome Projectbacteria producing insulincloning

Chemistry Far and WideAgriculture- worlds food supplyplant growth hormonesways to protect cropsdisease resistant plantsThe Environment- both risks and benefits involved in discoveriescarbon dioxide, ozone, warming

Chemistry Far and WideAstronomy and Space Exploration-composition of the planetsanalyze moon rocksplanet atmosphereslife on other planets?

Section 1.3Thinking Like a ScientistOBJECTIVES:Describe the steps involved in the scientific method.

Section 1.3Thinking Like a ScientistOBJECTIVES:Distinguish between a theory and a scientific law.

The Scientific MethodA logical approach to solving problems or answering questions.Starts with observation- noting and recording factshypothesis- an educated guess as to the cause of the problem, or a proposed explanation

Scientific Methodcontrolled experiment- designed to test the hypothesisonly two possible answershypothesis is righthypothesis is wrongGenerates data observations from experiments.Modify hypothesis - repeat the cycle

Cycle repeats many times.The hypothesis gets more and more certain.Becomes a theoryA thoroughly tested model that explains why things behave a certain way.

ObservationsHypothesisExperiment

Theory can never be proven- due to new informationUseful because they predict behaviorHelp us form mental pictures of processes (models)

ObservationsHypothesisExperiment

Another outcome is that certain behavior is repeated many timesScientific Law is developed (math?)Describes how things behave Law- tells howTheory- tells why

ObservationsHypothesisExperiment

ObservationsHypothesisExperiment

Section 1.4How to Study ChemistryOBJECTIVES:Explain why learning chemistry requires daily effort.

Section 1.4How to Study ChemistryOBJECTIVES:Describe the importance of writing in the study of chemistry.

How to Study ChemistryUnderstanding and Applying Conceptsrequires effort on your partread materials carefullytake thorough notes you can usestudy often and effectivelyquiet, well-lit, remove distractions

How to Study ChemistryUnderstanding and Applying Conceptschemistry has a language of its own, so learn the vocabularylook around you, and make the connection to the level of atoms and molecules

How to Study ChemistryUsing Your Textbookname chemical compoundswrite chemical formulasinterpret graphstechniques to solve problemsUse your Teacher and Textbook!

How to Study ChemistryUsing Your Textbooktake good notessolve Practice Problemsread, keeping objectives in mindStudent Study Guide (p. 24)section summaries; Key Terms

How to Study ChemistryOn Your Owngo beyond the textbookmake flashcardsreread and rewrite notesquiz yourself and classmatesform a study groupASK, ASK, and ASK

How to Study ChemistryTests and Quizzescramming never a good ideaset aside a certain amount of time every dayget enough rest daily; nutritionread tests carefully / thoroughlydo easy problems firstshow work, and evaluate answer