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Chapter 1
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Smartway further spreading in 2007 5Today deployed ITS services 6ITS services further spreading in and after 2007 8More various ITS services 10
The fundamental services will enable various ITS services 10State-of-the-art ITS service to start in autumn 2007 11
Providing various services with a single ITS on-board unit12A single ITS on-board unit to provide various services 12Information provision services along roadways12Information connection services at roadside rest areas13Public parking lot payment services 13
Deployment of the platform for next-generation road services 14Next-generation road service system consisting of roadside units, ITS on-board units, and road-vehicle communication14A common platform for deploying various private services 14Various services provided by roadside units to ITS on-board units15Providing a varity of services with a single ITS on-board unit 15
State-of-the-art ITS services will start in 2007 in Japan 16Smartway 2007 Deployment of the world's safest roads on an experimental basis 16
Demonstrated in "Demo 2006"18Smartway open trial to experience various services through a single ITS on-board unit18
Actualizing the world's safest roads 19To reduce traffic accident fatalities to less than 5,000 20
Implementing systems to support safe driving by infrastructure-vehicle cooperation20Dramatic reduction of traffic accidents 21AHS effective for about 80% of accidents 21
Reducing traffic accidents with AHS 22AHS to free drivers from danger 22AHS provide real-time information necessary for safe driving by road-vehicle cooperation 22Increasing expectations for advanced road-vehicle cooperation systems 23Deploying road-vehicle cooperation systems for AHS 24Aiming to deploy an advanced road-vehicle cooperation systems25Safety services for many people, at low cost, and elimination of fatal accidents 26Supporting elderly drivers who will double in number26
ASV systems to enhance the safety of drivers28Steady deployment of ASV in the last 15 years (three phases) 28Developing technologies for three systems28ASV Project in the fourth phase 29
Assisting safe driving by providing appropriate information during disasters30Providing comprehensive information about all highways in Japan through road traffic information provision system30Ensuring safety by forewarning of traffic regulations 31A-mail System Automatic provision of traffic restriction information in real time31Provision of information on road surface conditions for safety and safe driving32Providing of information on upcoming road sections with poor visibility to drivers in tunnels "Demo 2006" 32Joint information provision by residents and road managers for safety and safe driving on winter highways 33
Advanced road management to improve safety and safe driving34The rockfall warning system quickly detecting rocks on the road and closing the road appropriately34The tunnel deformation warning system quickly detecting damage to tunnels34Advanced snow removal system for efficient snow removal using snowcleaning vehicles installed with GPS 35Efficient and effective application of anti-freezing agent using the road-surface frost prediction system 35
Probe information to enable effective measures to be provided36Probe cars effectively monitor traffic flow36Probe informatiion enable precise analyses 36Utilized to enable substantial road administration services to be provided36Probe data to understand the actual effects of projects37On-spot measures to increase effects 37Road IR Site providing information on road administration 38Probe persons to monitor the movements of people 39
Assisting safe driving with easy-to-drive maps 40Japan's first service started in Kyushu in March 2006 40Study Group on Easy-to-Drive Road Maps formed in July 200641
Reducing accidents by installing drive recorders42Drive recorders mounted on taxis effectively reduced accidents 42
Affluent and environment-friendly society in progress 43Aiming to attain the target of the Kyoto Protocol 44
Japan's target in the Kyoto Protocol is to reduce CO2 emissions by 6%44Reduce CO2 emissions from vehicles is the key 44Reduce CO2 emissions by easing congestion 45Reduce CO2 emissions by increasing the use of expressways 45
Spreading ETC to improve the environment46ETC utilization rate of 50% reduces CO2 emissions by 130 thousand tons 46Roadside noise reduced by ETC nighttime discount field trial46Environment Road Pricing increased heavy vehicles taking different routes 47
Deploying Smart Interchanges to increase the utilization rate of expressways 48Improving the convenience of using expressways and promoting the regional economy48Full-scale deployment of Smart Interchanges49The Kameyama PA Smart Interchange mitigates congestion on nearby road sections and improves physical distribution50
Chojahara SA Smart IC increases the use of expressway 50Sagae SA Smart Interchange enables ambulances to use the expressway to carry patients to modern medical facilities 51Sue PA Smart Interchange also serves as an emergency exit from the expressway51
Reduce CO2 emissions52Constructing efficient and environment-friendly distribution system 52Advanced distribution and efficient collection of freight for improved roadside environment 53
Promoting the use of buses with bus location system 54Nationwide deployment of highway bus location system started 54Q-Bus Search expanded to major highway bus routes in Kyushu55Niigata Bus-i providing information of highway buses in and outside the prefecture55Okayama Bus Information Service wanted by 80% of users56Toyama Bus i expanded to 124 routes in 18 regions 56Smart Mobility Kochi providing transit information at 1,500 points56Nakamura Machi Bus anchored as a demand bus for local residents 57Hodatsushimizu-cho is needed by 64% of the elderly and the service area will be expanded 57
Constructing a ubiquitous environment with free mobility assistance 58Free mobility assistance project to assist anyone, anytime, anywhere 58Proving tests conducted in many parts of Japan 59
Assisting mobility of tourists with Machi Meguri Navi 60Proving tests in 25 regions in Japan 60
Making society more comfortable and convenient 61Car navigation systems have evolved and provide more services 62
Exceeding 25 million units by the end of 2006 62Huge evolution from the car navigation function62Advanced car navigation function 63Improved safe driving assistance 64Substantial entertainment services65
VICS has been installed in over 15 million vehicles in total, and the number is still increasing 66
Over 70% of all car navigation system shipped came with built-in VICS units in the last five years66Providing the latest road traffic information to drivers66Improving the accuracy of VICS information by using 5.8 GHz DSRC67
ETC utilization ratio exceeded 60% and the technologies will be increasingly used68Used by over 4.8 million vehicles a day, utilization rate to 75% by spring 20076887.5% of users mentioned "ETC is comfortable and convenient" 68ETC solved congestion near toll gates69Various toll discount services deployed to stimulate expressway usage 70Principal measures for promoting ETC71Use of ETC-related technologies for various purposes requested by the Japan Federation of Economic Organizations 72
Public parking lot payment services74Field trial of Parking lot ETC using existing ETC on-board units74Demonstration of cashless payment services by ITS on-boad units in "Demo 2006"75
Information connection services at roadside rest areas 76Proving tests at various sites using 5.8 GHz DSRC76"Town Car Life Navi" to improve the traffic environment by providing appropriate information77
Provision of information on road work 78Smooth traffic by road work management 78
Measures for promoting ITS 79Promotion of ITS as a national project 80
Joint promotion by industry / academia / government80ITS as a national project80
Smartway Project Advisory Committee serving as the nucleus82Working groups of the Smartway Project Advisory Committee conducting discussions 82Enhancing government-private sector collaboration to promote Smartway82Industry-academia-government collaboration83
Final report of government-private joint researches published84Results of government-private joint researches completed in March 2006 84Various next-generation road services to be provided by single ITS on-board unit with 5.8 GHz DSRC 85
Promoting ITS with communities and residents86Jointly promoted by industry, academia and government in the region86Acceleration of ITS introduction by "Project for developing ITS-related facilities" 87
Moving toward international standardization 88Actively participating in world conferences 88Interchange and cooperation for ITS promotion in the Asian and Pacific region 88ISO:International Organization for tandardization89Japan's activities for ISO/TC20490ITU : International Telecommunication Union 91ITU adopted the 5.8 GHz band DSRC as the first international radio communications standard for ITS 92
APPENDIX 93System Architecture93
Time-tables for the development and deployment of ITS in Japan93Detailed definition of user services94The two features101Measures taken for actualization of the two features 101
ITS Websites in Japan 102Cover: Satta-toge Pass (Left: "Yui" of the "Fifty-three stations on the Tokaido Road"
ANDO Hiroshige, Right: Photograph taken by OI Hirotsugu)
2007
Smartway further spreading in 2007
ITS
2007ITS
ITS
2007ITS
Demo2006
Today deployed ITS services
ITS services further spreading in and after 2007
More various ITS services
Providing various services with a single ITS on-board unit
Deployment of the platform for next-generation road services
State-of-the-art ITS services will start in 2007 in Japan
Demonstrated in "Demo 2006"
1
54
6ITS
7
Today deployed ITS services
i
Information kiosk
The rock fall warning system
i mobility center
Location information management of commercial vehicles
Information about the end of congestion
Bus location system
Road information board
Parking areas information board
VICS
P
P
P
Information terminal at roadside rest area
Roadside rest area
Gas station
School
IC
Airport
Station
Station
Tourist spot
SA/PA
Tunnel
JCT/IC
DistributionCenter
Residential area
Road management network
ETC
Road information through websites
Advanced snow removal system
Residential area
P34
P53
P54-57
P66-67
P34-3578
P46-4768-73
P30-3378
P35
On-demand bus
P57
Supermarket / Convenience store
Container port
Ferry port
82007ITS
9
ITS services further spreading in and after 2007
i
Information kiosk
The rock fall warning system
i mobility center
Location information management of commercial vehicles
Information about the end of congestion
On-demand bus
Bus location system
Road information board
Parking areas information board
VICS
P
P
P
Information terminal at roadside rest area
Roadside rest area
Gas station
School
IC
Airport
Station
Station
Tourist spot
SA/PA
Supermarket / Convenience store
Container port
Tunnel
JCT/IC
DistributionCenter
Ferry port
Residential area
Road management network
ETC
Road information through websites
Advanced snow removal system
Residential area
P34
P53
P57
P54-57
P66-67
P34-3578
P46-4768-73
P30-3378
P35
SA or PA-connected Smart IC
Simplified procedures for boarding ferries
Free mobility assistance
Merging assistance
Quick provision of emergency
information
Provide crossing and other such safety
information for intersections
Information connection at roadside rest areas
Automatic payment at parking lot
Information for assisting safety driving
Overtaking lane crowded
Optimizing the lane use at sag sections
Provision of information
by still images
Automatic payment at gas station
Direct-to-expressway Smart IC
P48
P26
P18
P18
P77P75
P48-51
P121822-27
P1832
P1875
P58-59
P131874-75 P131876-77
Downloading data in vehicles
Obstacles aheadDrive carefully
Probe data collection and provisionP38
Easy-to-drive maps
P40
Torupa
P41
rank S
rank M
rank A
rank B
rank C
rank D
10
Benefits of services
Safety and safe driving
P19-42 (See pages 19-42)
Affluence and the environment
P43-60 (See pages 43-60)
Comfort and convenience
P61-78 (See pages 61-78)
Vehicular information
transmission
Service to identify the vehicle or individual driver and provide information to that vehicle or individual. Probes
Facility entry/exit management
Fee payment
Services to allow cashless payment of various types of fees that may be charged while riding in a car. Multi-purpose payments
ETC
Information provision
Services to provide various types of road traffic infor-mation or information on roadside facilities.
Internet connection
Information and warnings
Services that provide drivers with information and warn-ings to support their driving.
Driving support information VICS (Push-type data trans- mission/ VICS)
Warnings and vehicle control Provision of safety information, vehicle controls, automated driving
Others
Pedestrian support
Applications for inter-vehicle communication
Applications using wired communications
Fundamental services
ITS
Various services will be offered by combining fundamentalservices such as "Vehiclar information transmission", "Fee pay-ment", "Information provision", and "Information and Warnings".
The fundamental services will enable variousITS services
ITS
11
Interim report
Smartway Project Advisory Committee's working groups established
7 The 7th Smartway Project Advisory Committee
Smartway Project Advisory Committee ProposalITS
200410
20048 August 2004
200411November 2004
Summary of joint reserch
20063 March 2006
20057 July 2005
Commencement of joint reserch
20052 February 2005
Standards and specifications (draft)
Verification of actualization
Follow-up on the proposal
20058August 2005
Demo2006 Open trial: "Demo 2006" Tsukuba
20062February 2006
Reflecting the results in the summary of the joint reserch Publishing the results of the joint reserch
Field trial of Smartway
Smartway Project Advisory Committee
2007Spring 2007
2007Smartway 2007
2007Autumn 2007
Nationwide deployment
20057July 2005
ITS World Congress in Nagoya, Aichi Prefecture (October 2004)
IT20061
New IT Reformation Strategy (January 2006)
ITS200610 2006 ITS World Congress in London (October 2006)
ITS200710 2007 ITS World Congress in Beijing (October 2007)
20053 EXPO 2005 Aichi (March 2005)
P183275
P82
(See pages 18, 32. 75)P84-85(See pages 84-85)
Decision of standards and specifications
20073 March 2007
(See page 82)
P82(See page 82)
P20 (See page 20)
-200620067 Priority Policy Program 2006
(July 2006)
P82(See page 82)
200482007ITS P82
2007ITS
Based on the proposals offered by the Smartway ProjectAdvisory Committee in August 2004, industry-government jointstudies have been conducted to decide standards and speci-fications, by considering international standardization, and toconstruct infrastructure. State-of-the-art ITS service will start inautumn 2007. (See page 82)
State-of-the-art ITS service to start in autumn 2007
More various ITS services
Public parking lot payment services
0,000km0,000km0,000h0,000h
5
km
km
km!!
!
This highway informationwas announced at X:00.
It is not convenient for users
if a different device is needed for each application
ITSDevelopmentand commodityproduction ofITS on-boardunits
0,000km0,000h
m!
ITS
It is convenient for users using multiple applications with a single ITS on-board unit
ITSITSITS
Even when various ITS services become available, it would beinconvenient if each ITS application, independently communi-cating various information, needed its own on-board units asthese would crowd the limited space around the driver's seat.Therefore, a single ITS on-board unit that can provide variousservices should be developed.The development and commodity production of ITS on-boardunits is being jointly promoted by governments, private compa-nies, and existing investigation committees which are decidingstandards and specifications based on international standards.Traffic safety and convenience for users are also considered toensure safety.
ITS A single ITS on-board unit to provide various services
1312
P1822-273267
Precise information about accident-prone road sections, traffic restric-tions, the end of queue of vehicles, etc. will be provided in real time totraveling vehicles to assist safe driving. (See pages 18, 22-27, 32, 67)
Information provision services along roadways
GPS
Server Center
Precise road traffic information (on congestion, etc., by voice and images)
Road administrators, public safety commissions
Monitoring camera
GPS signals
Uplink of probe data (including data about roads with no monitoring devices)
Congestion ahead.
The road is congested ahead. Precise information really helps.
kmTraffic is congested for Xkilometers between Y and Z.
kmThere is a traffic accident Xkilometers ahead.
X Street is closed to traffic.
5You have five new e-mails.
kmThe distance to your destinationis approximately X kilometers.
km
m
There is a traffic accident X kilometers ahead.
Please turn right in X meters.
We received 300 yen for 45 minutes.You earned 30 points .
Server Card information, entry time, etc.
Entry gate Exit gate
Card information, entry time, charge, etc.
Welcome. Please move ahead.
I don't need any tickets, and it's so easy.
45 300
30
P187274-75
Cashless payment will be introduced at public parking lots,freeing drivers from paying charges at gates and enablingthem to smoothly pass the gates. (See pages 18, 72, 74-75)
Providing various services with a single ITS on-board unit Information connection services
at roadside rest areas
Server at Roadside rest area
Roadside serverRequesting information
Internet
Roadside rest area
Select menu.
I'll guide you to ## Hospital.
I feel safe because I won't get lost.
Road traffic information, points of interest information, etc.
Any hospital nearby?
SAPAP1876-77
Provision of information on local traffic conditions and point ofinterest at roadside rest areas in parking vehicles will benefitdrivers and revitalize local communities. (See pages 18, 76-77)
Collecting, editing, and storing information to be provided
Collecting, editing, and storing information to be provided
Processing probe data
Charge transaction
Operating gates of parking areas
Displaying charges
External systems
APIBasic API
Individual applications
Road-vehicle communication
APIBasic API
IPNon-IP communication
Extended link control protocol
DSRCDSRC protocol
IP IP communication
Information connection at roadside rest areas
Information provision along roadways
Public parking lot payment
DSRC For DSRC block
Various new public and private services that utilize the commonplatform are expected to be deployed, including Informationprovision along roadways, Information connection at roadsiderest areas and Public parking lot payment. Standards and spec-ifications for on-board and roadside ITS units are now beingdrawn up, and measures for facilitating usage, such as com-mon logos, are being investigated.
ITS
A common platform for deploying various private services
API
API
ITS
Car navigation
Basic Application Program Interface for all services
Road-vehicle communication
Individual application
Basic Application Program Interface for all services
Road-vehicle communication
ITS on-board units
Road-vehicle communication
Roadside units
VICSETC
ITSITSAPIApplication Program Interface
Services such as car navigation systems, VICS, and ETC are nowprovided by different on-board units. The units will be integrated, andvarious next-generation services will be provided by a single device.The system for providing next-generation services will consist ofroadside units, ITS on-board units, and road-vehicle communication.The roadside units and ITS on-board units will be installed with theBasic Application Program Interface, which will cover all services.
Next-generation road service system consisting of roadside units, ITS on-board units,and road-vehicle communication
1514
ITSP12-1318
ITS
Next-generation services will be provided from roadside units to ITS on-board units in cooperation with external systems. (See pages 12-13, 18)
Various services provided by roadside units to ITS on-board units
VICSETCITS P12-1318
ITS
Services such as VICS and ETC are now provided by differ-ent on-board units. Next-generation road services will bedelivered by a single unit by defining common mechanisms.(See pages 12-13, 18)
Providing a varity of services with a single ITS on-board unit
Deployment of the platform for next-generation road services
Support for safe driving
More efficient road administration
Greater business efficiency
Map downloads
Creating business opportunities
Convenience stores and supermarkets
Fleet management
Restaurants
Dispatch control
Next-generation road services
Information connection at roadside rest areas
Public parking lot payment
Information provision along roadways
Platform
Cashless payment
Private parking facilities
Gas stations
APIBasic API
Car navigation
DSRC DSRC block
Road-vehicle communication
API Basic API
IP Non-IP communication
Extended link control protocol
DSRC DSRC protocol
IP IP communication
ETC
WEB Display and internet connection
Up-linking
O
t
h
e
r
m
e
d
i
a
FM
I
n
f
r
a
r
e
d
b
e
a
c
o
n
s
F
M
m
u
l
t
i
p
l
e
x
b
r
o
a
d
c
a
s
t
i
n
g
etc.
ITS Architecture of ITS on-board unit
16
2007ITS
17
State-of-the-art ITS services will start in 2007 in Japan
Smartway 2007, which will make state-of-the-art ITS services areality, will be deployed from October 15 to 17, 2007, mainlyon the Metropolitan Expressway. Based on this trial, the sys-tem is to be deployed on a full scale throughout Japan from2008 to make the nation's roads the safest in the world.The further information of the trial will be introduced on thewebsite. http://www.smartway2007.jp
Smartway 2007Deployment of the world's safest roads on an experimental basis
ITSSMARTWAY200720071015172008
http://www.smartway2007.jp
SMARTWAY 2007
Up-link
The road is congested ahead. Precise information
really helps.
Congestion ahead.
Menu
Still image information
Smooth traffic ahead!
Smooth traffic in the tunnel
Menu
Merging assistance
Roads merging ahead! Drive carefully
Roads merging ahead!
Drive carefully
Menu
Internet connection
HOME
Weather
Public transport
Notice
Point of interest
Road information
MenuMenu
Information for assisting safety driving
Congestion ahead. Drive carefully.
Congestion ahead. Drive carefully.
Menu
Menu
Parking lot cashless payment
I don't need any tickets, and
it's so easy.
Welcome Welcome.
Please move ahead.
Menu
Network of the Metropolitan Expressway
Frequent trafficaccidents
TOKYO
Actualizing the world's safest roads
5,000
AHS
ASV
To reduce traffic accident fatalities to less than 5,000
Reducing traffic accidents with AHS
ASV systems to enhance the safety of drivers
Assisting safe driving by providing appropriate information during disasters
Advanced road management to improve safety and safe driving
Probe information to enable effective measures to be provided
Assisting safe driving with easy-to-drive maps
Reducing accidents by installing drive recorders
2
1918
Demo2006 Demonstrated in "Demo 2006"
Demo20062006223200521,000
DSRC--P3275-7684-85
"The Smartway open trial Demo 2006" was held in February 2006 at theNational Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management of the Ministryof Land, Infrastructure and Transport (Tsukuba, Ibaraki Prefecture). TheInstitute and the 23 private companies that held the demonstration haveconducted joint researches since February 2005, and demonstrated theprovision of various advanced cruise-assist services through a single ITSon-board unit as a part of the research program. About 1,000 peopleexperienced the services during the demonstration. On the test course, drivers experienced the provision of informationthrough voice, still images and warnings; Information connection services at roadside rest areas, public parking lot payment services, andgas station payment services. Merging assistance based on DSRC forvehicle-road-vehicle communication was also demonstrated. (Seepages 32, 75-76, 84-85)
Smartway open trial to experience various services through a single ITS on-board unit
Provision of road traffic information
Provision of road traffic information (after emergency information)
Gas station payment
ETC
Information provision by voice
Storage and replay of information
Information provision by voice
Provision of information by still image
Tunnel
Merging assistance
Information connection services at roadside
rest area
300
There is a standing vehicle 300m ahead. Drive carefully.
Frozen road sections are...
Road works ahead and lane ristriction...
Public parking lot payment
Quick provision of emergency information
Providing information for assisting safety driving