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Chapter 1-2. How to Understand What is going on
(Mweong-Mi)?
Mweong-Mi?
Prof. Jin-Wan Seo, Ph.D.
Department of Public Administration
University of Incheon, KOREA
http://prof.incheon.ac.kr/~sjinwan
1. Legal-Institutional Theory
2. Elite Theory
3. Group Theory
4. System Theory
5. Political Culture Theory
6. Class Theory
7. Political Economy Theory
Selected Theories
1. Legal-Institutional Theory
• Traditional Way to Understand Governing …- Focus on governmental organization, operation, and related rules/laws
- Formal institutional level
• _____________________- In plural society, formal governmental institution is still important in
terms of its function.
- Structured-pattern of individual or organizational behavior
2. Elite Theory
• Focus on Behavior of _____________– Few power elite to determine major political issues within society.
– Governing circle
• Gaetano Mosca (1939). The Ruling Class.– Every political system has two strata
(1) ______________
(2) non-political class
– Non-political class controlled by political class
• Elite Model
3. Group Theory
• Group ___________ as Basic Government Process- Group interaction and structure of competition
- Individual has political capacity, but it can be realized through only the group.
- Group as a whole > Individual
• Arthur Bentley (1967). The Process of Government- Group as Individual collectiveness for common political goal
- Group Interaction as the process of government
4. System Theory
• Scientific Approach to Governing- Development of behaviorlalism
- Influence of sociology, Cultural Anthropoligy, Biology, Ecology, etc.
• D. Easton’s System Theory- Dynamic process - political ___________ and political __________
- Political system - authoritative allocation of values for a society
- Allocation of values (goods, symbolic compensation, etc)
- Decision and action of political system for value allocation - legitimate and binding
• Easton’s System Theory
4. 체제이론 (System Theory)
• G. Almond’s System Theory- Focus on Crucial Function of Political System
- Input Process• Political ______________ and recruitment
• Interest articulation
• Interest __________
• Political communication
– Output Process• Rule making
• Rule __________
• Rule adjudication
• Almond’s System Theory
5. Political Culture Theory
• Political Culture as Independent Variable- Focus on political orientation and behavior- Political ________ Political actions Structure and Operation of
Political System
• G. Almond & S. Verba (1963), Civic Culture- Individual political orientation as a whole – political systems– Individual Psychological Orientation
• Cognitive orientation • Affective orientation• Evaluative orientation
– 3 Types of Political Culture According to Psychological Orientation• Parochial Political Culture• Subjective Political Culture• Participant Political Culture
6. Class Theory
• Social Strata based on _________- Inevitable Social Reality
- Class and GroupGroup: Individual collectivity for common interest
Class: Individual collectivity to quite equally have the basic values such as power, goods, authority, and so forth
- Equal ownership of basic values > Seeking common interests
• Class Structure– Unequal relationship between classes
– Unequal distribution of basic values Conflicts & Struggle Socio-political Change
7. Political Economy Theory
• Window of Political Economy- Starting from the limitation of politics to solve the political issues
- __________ + ___________ for providing rational alternatives
- Exchanges of political resources as Government; Political market as Government Process
- Government or Regimemaximize political resources Making Policy and Implementation
• 5 Policy Areas1) Responding to socio-economic change
2) Inducing socio-economic change
3) Protecting government authority
4) Maintaining authority
5) Realizing political/administrative sub-structure
• Ilchman & Uphoff’s Political Economy