Chapter 1 The Peopling of the World

Section 1 - Human Origins in Africa

Chapter 1 Section 1 Key Terms

Artifact - Human made objects from the pastCulture - A unique way of life for a peopleHominid - Creatures that walk uprightPaleolithic Age - 2.5 Million to 8,000 BCNeolithic Age - 8,000 BC to 3,000 BC

Scientists Search for Human Origins

Archaeology - Study of human history through excavation and artifacts

Anthropologist - Study of humankind

Paleontologist - Study of fossil animals and plants

Scientists Search for Human Origins

Mary Leakey - Archaeologist who discovered prehistoric footprints that proved hominids existed 3.6 millions years ago in East Africa (Tanzania) in 1978.

Scientists Search for Human Origins

Donald Johanson - Anthropologist who discovered a nearly complete female hominid (Lucy) dating back 3.5 millions years ago in Northeast Africa (Ethiopia) in 1974.

Scientists Search for Human Origins

Both discoveries where of a species called Australopithecines.

Key Traits - Opposable Thumbs & Ability to make and use items as tools.

Progress During the Old Stone Age

Human Inventions of the Stone Age

Creation of Tools

Mastery of Fire

Development of Language

Progress During the Old Stone Age

Paleolithic Age 2.5 Million to 8,000 BC

Majority of this time was during the Ice Age

The first stone tools date back from this era

Progress During the Old Stone Age

Neolithic Age 8,000 BC to 3,000 BC

Glaciers retract to present day levels

Refined tool making, pottery, and domestication of animals begin

Progress During the Old Stone Age

Homo Habilis or “Man of Skill”

Discovered by Mary & Louis Leakey in 1960 in the Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania

Considered to be the first tool making species

Progress During the Old Stone Age

Homo Erectus or “Upright Man”

First species to begin to use technology to address their needs

First species to migrate for survival

The Dawn of Modern Humans

Homo Sapiens or “Wise Men”

This species is what we are

Larger brains than other species

The Dawn of Modern Humans

Neanderthals - Early version of Homo Sapiens from 200,000 to 30,000 years ago

Shorter, more muscular, very thick boned

Developed Social Structure

The Dawn of Modern Humans

Cro-Magnons - Type of Homo Sapien that first appeared 40,000 years ago

Identical skeleton to Modern Humans

Used planning and intelligence to hunt and survive

The End

Chapter 1The Peopling of the World

Section 2 - Humans Try to Control Nature

Chapter 1The Peopling of the World

Section 2 - Humans Try to Control Nature

Chapter 1The Peopling of the World

Section 2 - Humans Try to Control Nature

Chapter 1The Peopling of the World

Section 2 - Humans Try to Control Nature

Chapter 1 Section 2Key Terms

Nomad - People that wander from place to place making no permanent settlement

Hunter-Gatherer - People that depend on collecting wild plants and hunting for survival

Neolithic Revolution - The beginning of farming and people producing their own food

Slash & Burn Farming - Clearing and burning a field in order to fertilize it for growing crops

Domestication - Taming animals for human use

Chapter 1 Section 2Key Terms

Nomad - People that wander from place to place making no permanent settlement

Hunter-Gatherer - People that depend on collecting wild plants and hunting for survival

Neolithic Revolution - The beginning of farming and people producing their own food

Slash & Burn Farming - Clearing and burning a field in order to fertilize it for growing crops

Domestication - Taming animals for human use

Chapter 1 Section 2Key Terms

Nomad - People that wander from place to place making no permanent settlement

Hunter-Gatherer - People that depend on collecting wild plants and hunting for survival

Neolithic Revolution - The beginning of farming and people producing their own food

Slash & Burn Farming - Clearing and burning a field in order to fertilize it for growing crops

Domestication - Taming animals for human use

Chapter 1 Section 2Key Terms

Nomad - People that wander from place to place making no permanent settlement

Hunter-Gatherer - People that depend on collecting wild plants and hunting for survival

Neolithic Revolution - The beginning of farming and people producing their own food

Slash & Burn Farming - Clearing and burning a field in order to fertilize it for growing crops

Domestication - Taming animals for human use

I. Achievements in Technology and Art

1. Early modern humans developed over 100 types of tools to assist in hunting prey & gather food

2. Cro-Magnons stitched clothing by creating needles out of bone

I. Achievements in Technology and Art

1. Early modern humans developed over 100 types of tools to assist in hunting prey & gather food

2. Cro-Magnons stitched clothing by creating needles out of bone

I. Achievements in Technology and Art

1. Early modern humans developed over 100 types of tools to assist in hunting prey & gather food

2. Cro-Magnons stitched clothing by creating needles out of bone

I. Achievements in Technology and Art

1. Early modern humans developed over 100 types of tools to assist in hunting prey & gather food

2. Cro-Magnons stitched clothing by creating needles out of bone

A. Achievements in Technology and Art

3. Art such as cave paintings showed that early modern humans had developed past thinking about survival only

4. These ancient artists created their own paints out of charcoal, mud, and animal blood

A. Achievements in Technology and Art

3. Art such as cave paintings showed that early modern humans had developed past thinking about survival only

4. These ancient artists created their own paints out of charcoal, mud, and animal blood

A. Achievements in Technology and Art

3. Art such as cave paintings showed that early modern humans had developed past thinking about survival only

4. These ancient artists created their own paints out of charcoal, mud, and animal blood

A. Achievements in Technology and Art

3. Art such as cave paintings showed that early modern humans had developed past thinking about survival only

4. These ancient artists created their own paints out of charcoal, mud, and animal blood

II. The Neolithic Revolution

1. Roughly 10,000 years ago humans began to grow their own food

2. What caused this discovery is unknown, but warmer drier weather patterns allowed for plants to grow more quickly

II. The Neolithic Revolution

1. Roughly 10,000 years ago humans began to grow their own food

2. What caused this discovery is unknown, but warmer drier weather patterns allowed for plants to grow more quickly

II. The Neolithic Revolution

1. Roughly 10,000 years ago humans began to grow their own food

2. What caused this discovery is unknown, but warmer drier weather patterns allowed for plants to grow more quickly

II. The Neolithic Revolution

1. Roughly 10,000 years ago humans began to grow their own food

2. What caused this discovery is unknown, but warmer drier weather patterns allowed for plants to grow more quickly

II. The Neolithic Revolution

3. As the food supply stabilized the population slowly grew

4. One of the earliest farming practice was Slash & Burn farming

II. The Neolithic Revolution

3. As the food supply stabilized the population slowly grew

4. One of the earliest farming practice was Slash & Burn farming

II. The Neolithic Revolution

3. As the food supply stabilized the population slowly grew

4. One of the earliest farming practice was Slash & Burn farming

II. The Neolithic Revolution

3. As the food supply stabilized the population slowly grew

4. One of the earliest farming practice was Slash & Burn farming

II. The Neolithic Revolution 5. As farming took

hold early modern humans began to domesticate animals for food & work purposes

6. Dogs are considered to be some of the first animals to be domesticated dating back to 8,000 BC

II. The Neolithic Revolution 5. As farming took

hold early modern humans began to domesticate animals for food & work purposes

6. Dogs are considered to be some of the first animals to be domesticated dating back to 8,000 BC

II. The Neolithic Revolution 5. As farming took

hold early modern humans began to domesticate animals for food & work purposes

6. Dogs are considered to be some of the first animals to be domesticated dating back to 8,000 BC

II. The Neolithic Revolution 5. As farming took

hold early modern humans began to domesticate animals for food & work purposes

6. Dogs are considered to be some of the first animals to be domesticated dating back to 8,000 BC

II. The Neolithic Revolution

7. The first areas of the world known to have organized farming are found in the Middle East along the Nile, Tigris, and Euphrates Rivers

II. The Neolithic Revolution

7. The first areas of the world known to have organized farming are found in the Middle East along the Nile, Tigris, and Euphrates Rivers

II. The Neolithic Revolution

7. The first areas of the world known to have organized farming are found in the Middle East along the Nile, Tigris, and Euphrates Rivers

II. The Neolithic Revolution

7. The first areas of the world known to have organized farming are found in the Middle East along the Nile, Tigris, and Euphrates Rivers

III. Villages Grow and Prosper

1. Within a matter of just a few thousand years farming begins to develop on all parts of the global

III. Villages Grow and Prosper

1. Within a matter of just a few thousand years farming begins to develop on all parts of the global

III. Villages Grow and Prosper

1. Within a matter of just a few thousand years farming begins to develop on all parts of the global

III. Villages Grow and Prosper

1. Within a matter of just a few thousand years farming begins to develop on all parts of the global

2. Examples of Farming Developing across the world

a. Africa - Wheat, Barley along the Nile

b. China - Wild Rice domestication along the Huang He

c. Central America - Corn, Beans, and Squash

d. South America - Tomatoes and a variety of Potatoes

III. Villages Grow and Prosper

2. Examples of Farming Developing across the world

a. Africa - Wheat, Barley along the Nile

b. China - Wild Rice domestication along the Huang He

c. Central America - Corn, Beans, and Squash

d. South America - Tomatoes and a variety of Potatoes

III. Villages Grow and Prosper

2. Examples of Farming Developing across the world

a. Africa - Wheat, Barley along the Nile

b. China - Wild Rice domestication along the Huang He

c. Central America - Corn, Beans, and Squash

d. South America - Tomatoes and a variety of Potatoes

III. Villages Grow and Prosper

2. Examples of Farming Developing across the world

a. Africa - Wheat, Barley along the Nile

b. China - Wild Rice domestication along the Huang He

c. Central America - Corn, Beans, and Squash

d. South America - Tomatoes and a variety of Potatoes

III. Villages Grow and Prosper

3. Example of an early “urban center” Catal Huyuk in south central Turkey

a. Population est. 6,000

III. Villages Grow and Prosper

3. Example of an early “urban center” Catal Huyuk in south central Turkey

a. Population est. 6,000

III. Villages Grow and Prosper

3. Example of an early “urban center” Catal Huyuk in south central Turkey

a. Population est. 6,000

III. Villages Grow and Prosper

3. Example of an early “urban center” Catal Huyuk in south central Turkey

a. Population est. 6,000

III. Villages Grow and Prosper

Chapter 1 The Peopling of the World

Section 3 - Civilization Case Study: Ur in Sumer

Chapter 1 Section 3 Key Terms

Civilization - A complex culture with 5 key traits: Advanced Cities, Specialized Workers, Complex Institutions, Record Keeping, and Advanced Technology

Specialization - Development of skills in a specific kind of work

Artisan - Skilled workers who make goods by hand

Institution - A long lasting pattern of organization in a community

Scribe - Professional record keepers

Chapter 1 Section 3 Key Terms

Cuneiform - Ancient Sumerian form of writing using “wedge-shaped” symbols

Bronze Age - Beginning in 3000 BC, A time when people began using bronze tools

Barter - Trading goods and services without money

Ziggurat - “Mountain of God” Pyramid shaped temple found in Ur

I. Villages Grow into Cities

A. Economic Changes

1. Advances in farming allowed for food surpluses

2. Surpluses allowed the development of skilled workers and in turn specialty goods

I. Villages Grow into Cities

3. Trade begins to expand due to two important transportation inventions: the Sail & the Wheel

B. Social Changes

1. Division of labor begins as village life begins to take hold

2. Social Classes form and become clearly defined

3. Common Religious traditions form from past individual beliefs

I. Villages Grow into Cities

II. What is Civilization?

A. Advanced Cities

1. Cities are centers of trade for a larger area

2. People in cities are dependent on trade for survival

II. What is Civilization?

B. Specialized Workers

1. Examples: Artisans, Traders, Government Officials, and Priests

2. Specialized workers are key to having a thriving trade economy

II. What is Civilization?

C. Complex Institutions

1. Examples: Organized Religion, Government

2. Institution develop as a way to maintain order for a large group of people

II. What is Civilization?

D. Record Keeping

1. Complex Institutions require a system of records to maintain continuity

2. The need for records creates a demand for educated workers (Scribes)

E. Advanced Technology

1. Sumerians developed the metal composite Bronze for tool making

2. Further domestication of animals continues to use them for both farming and construction

II. What is Civilization?