Upload
cybill
View
37
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
CHAPTER 1 1. W e c o ntin u e to Lea r n a l o t abo u t the S o lar S y stem b y using S p a c e E x p lo r a tion. S e ction 1 1 . 1 T h e S u n. p age 390. - A v e r age siz ed star - 300 , 000 mo r e mas s i v e th a n E a r th, 99% of a l l mass in our sol a r sy s t em - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
We continue to Learn a lot about the Solar System by using Space Exploration
CHAPTER 11
Section 11.1 The Sun page 390
-Average sized star-300,000 more massive than Earth, 99% of all mass in our solar system-Millions of km away-Approx. 5 billion Years old with 5 billion more to go!
The Huge size of the sun causes pressure to build up at the center of the sun as gravity pulls the mass inward… Thermonuclear Reactions turn H (hydrogen) He (helium) givingoff Heat, Light and UV radiation in the process
H He
Pressure
Heat, Light and UV radiation
Solar Radiation – Energy (E) Emittedfrom the sun in the form ofElectromagnetic Radiation
… E that is carried or radiated in the form of waves that range in length, ex. Microwaves, radio waves, UV waves
The Earth is located in the “Goldilocks Zone”, not too hot, not too cold, just right!
SUNSPOTS – dark patches of slightly cooler (3500°C) surface areas on the sun, they increase and decrease in number on an 11-yr cycle. They may be related to changes in the Earth’s climate .
SOLAR FLARES – eruptions of gas on the suns surface – can last a few hours, temperatures increase up to 11,000,000°C Creates Solar Winds
Solar Wind
page 393
Hot E bubbles “pop” on the surface of the sun and send high E particles rushing past Earth. Earth is protected from this solar wind by its magnetic field. Some of the particles enter the Earth’s atmosphere at the poles where they collide with the gas in the atmosphere to create Auroras (Northern/Southern lights) page 394.
Some solar winds can disturb Earth’s magnetic field and disable satellites, knock out power lines, and expose astronauts to high levels of radiation
Section 11.2 page 398Characteristics of the
Celestial Bodies of the Solar System
The PlanetsTo be a planet you must…
… orbit 1 or more stars… be large enough so its gravityholds it in place
… be the only body in its orbital path
Astronomical Units (AU)Used to measure distances in space1 AU = 150 million km
(the distance from the Earth to the Sun)
5.27 AU
1 AU
Activity 11-2A:Terrestrial and Jovian PlanetsRead Sectioon 11.2 of your text on theplanets and complete the table in your notes.
Mnemonic Device to Remember the order of the Planets???Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars,
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune
PLUTONow considered Dwarf Planet– a celestial body orbiting the Sun
that is generally smaller than a planet but massive enough for its own gravity to give it a round shape. However they are not strong enough to clear their orbit of debris
There are many other “dwarf planets” someare bigger and some like Pluto have
moons
A Comparison of 3 dwarf planets and Earth, notice some have moons and some don’t
COMETS“dirty snowballs” composedof ice, rock and gasOriginate from the Kuiper
Belt and Oort CloudThey travel in long elliptical orbits
around the sun which are affected by thegravitational pulls of other planets
It has a long dust tail as sunlight starts tomelt the ice, these can stretch millions of km
Most famous Halley’s comet which is visableevery 76 years or so
Periodicity of Comets:"Period" is the amount of time it
takes an object in orbit to return to its starting location.
Comets travel in short and long periods around the sun in elliptical orbits
The elliptical orbit of Halley’s Comet
ASTEROIDSSmall bodies believed to be the
leftover remains of the formation of the Solar System
Mostly found in an asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter
They have irregular shapesRange in size from a
grain of sand up to 1000kmAn asteroid up
to 1 km would devastate Earth
METEORS
Meteoroid – a rocky chunk, broken off an asteroid or planet, which floats through space
Meteor – a meteoroid that burns up as it passes through Earths atmosphere, seen as a shooting star
Meteorite – a meteoroid that does not burn up fully in the Earths atmosphere and hits the Earths surface
Deep Impact SitesA place where a relatively small
object (meteorite) has collided with a larger object (planet)
Produces a fairly circular depression in the surface of the larger object referred to as an impact crater
QUIZ Thursday, October 17, 2013
10 True/False 15 Multiple Choice 6 Matching 2 Short Answer Questions
Study Guide:
• The Sun – characteristics, diagram, sunspots, solar flares, solar winds, etc
• The Planets – characteristics, table of comparison for inner/outer planets
• What is an astronomical unit? • Pluto• Comets• Asteroids• Meteors, meteoroid, meteorite• Deep impact sites• Worksheet for Section 11.3