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Thinking
Problem Solving
Reasoning, Decision Making, and Judgment
Language and Communication
What is Intelligence and How Do We Measure It?
Thinking Problem
Solving
Reasoning,
Decision Making,
and Judgment
Language and
Communication
What is
Intelligence and
How Do We
Measure It?
Why Are
We So Unique?
Normal Mirror-Image
0° 300°
60° 240°
120° 180°
0° 300°
60° 240°
120° 180°
Thinking Problem
Solving
Reasoning,
Decision Making,
and Judgment
Language and
Communication
What is
Intelligence and
How Do We
Measure It?
Why Are
We So Unique?
Thinking Problem
Solving
Reasoning,
Decision Making,
and Judgment
Language and
Communication
What is
Intelligence and
How Do We
Measure It?
Why Are
We So Unique?
Super-ordinate
Category
Fruit
Basic
Category
Apple
Sub-ordinate
Category
Granny Smith
Which of the following would be a
superordinate concept for the category
hammers?
A. Ball-peen hammers
B. Saws
C. Tools
D. Screwdrivers
Thinking Problem
Solving
Reasoning,
Decision Making,
and Judgment
Language and
Communication
What is
Intelligence and
How Do We
Measure It?
Why Are
We So Unique?
Thinking Problem
Solving
Reasoning,
Decision Making,
and Judgment
Language and
Communication
What is
Intelligence and
How Do We
Measure It?
Why Are
We So Unique?
Thinking Problem
Solving
Reasoning,
Decision Making,
and Judgment
Language and
Communication
What is
Intelligence and
How Do We
Measure It?
Why Are
We So Unique?
Thinking Problem
Solving
Reasoning,
Decision Making,
and Judgment
Language and
Communication
What is
Intelligence and
How Do We
Measure It?
Why Are
We So Unique?
Incubation is most closely related to which of
the following concepts?
A. Well-structured problems
B. Insight
C. Prototypes
D. Exemplars
Thinking Problem
Solving
Reasoning,
Decision Making,
and Judgment
Language and
Communication
What is
Intelligence and
How Do We
Measure It?
Why Are
We So Unique?
Deductive Reasoning
Inductive Reasoning
Thinking Problem
Solving
Reasoning,
Decision Making,
and Judgment
Language and
Communication
What is
Intelligence and
How Do We
Measure It?
Why Are
We So Unique?
Frame A
If program A is adopted, 200 people will be saved. If program B is adopted, there is a one-third probability that 600 people will be saved and a two-thirds probability that no people will be saved. Which of the two programs would you favor?
Frame B
If program C is adopted, 400 people will die. If program D is adopted, there is a one-third probability nobody will die and a two-thirds probability that 600 people will die. Which of the two programs would you favor?
Thinking Problem
Solving
Reasoning,
Decision Making,
and Judgment
Language and
Communication
What is
Intelligence and
How Do We
Measure It?
Why Are
We So Unique?
Words beginning with the letter K
Which is more frequent?
Words with K in the third position
Thinking Problem
Solving
Reasoning,
Decision Making,
and Judgment
Language and
Communication
What is
Intelligence and
How Do We
Measure It?
Why Are
We So Unique?
Which is more likely?
They are equally likely
½ x ½ x ½ x ½ = 1/64
The frequency of memorable events is likely
to be _______ due to the _______.
A. Underestimated; availability heuristic
B. Overestimated; availability heuristic
C. Underestimated; representativeness
heuristic
D. Overestimated; representativeness
heuristic
Thinking Problem
Solving
Reasoning,
Decision Making,
and Judgment
Language and
Communication
What is
Intelligence and
How Do We
Measure It?
Why Are
We So Unique?
Thinking Problem
Solving
Reasoning,
Decision Making,
and Judgment
Language and
Communication
What is
Intelligence and
How Do We
Measure It?
Why Are
We So Unique?
Thinking Problem
Solving
Reasoning,
Decision Making,
and Judgment
Language and
Communication
What is
Intelligence and
How Do We
Measure It?
Why Are
We So Unique?
Thinking Problem
Solving
Reasoning,
Decision Making,
and Judgment
Language and
Communication
What is
Intelligence and
How Do We
Measure It?
Why Are
We So Unique?
Number of
Words in
Vocabulary
14 15 17 16 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Age (Months)
The
Vocabulary Spurt
Thinking Problem
Solving
Reasoning,
Decision Making,
and Judgment
Language and
Communication
What is
Intelligence and
How Do We
Measure It?
Why Are
We So Unique?
Babies begin _____________ when they
begin to make _________ sounds.
A. Cooing; consonant
B. Babbling; vowel
C. Cooing; vowel and consonant
D. Babbling; vowel and consonant
Thinking Problem
Solving
Reasoning,
Decision Making,
and Judgment
Language and
Communication
What is
Intelligence and
How Do We
Measure It?
Why Are
We So Unique?
Mental age > Chronological age =
Above average intelligence
Mental age < Chronological age =
Below average intelligence
Thinking Problem
Solving
Reasoning,
Decision Making,
and Judgment
Language and
Communication
What is
Intelligence and
How Do We
Measure It?
Why Are
We So Unique?
0.1% 2% 14% 34% 34% 14% 2% 0.1%
40 55 70 85 100 115 130 145 160
IQ Score
Pe
rce
nta
ge o
f in
div
idu
als
in
ran
ges
of
the
no
rma
l c
urv
e
Normal Distribution of IQ Scores
Thinking Problem
Solving
Reasoning,
Decision Making,
and Judgment
Language and
Communication
What is
Intelligence and
How Do We
Measure It?
Why Are
We So Unique?
Reliability
Validity
Cultural Bias
Choose the term that best completes this
analogy:
Chayote is to soup as scissors are to _____.
a. A drawer
b. Paper
c. Tools
d. Cutting
Thinking Problem
Solving
Reasoning,
Decision Making,
and Judgment
Language and
Communication
What is
Intelligence and
How Do We
Measure It?
Why Are
We So Unique?
___________ is to accurate as _________
is to consistent.
A. valid; reliable
B. Reliable; valid
C. unbiased; valid
D. Valid; unbiased
REMINDER!!!
• Neutral/conditioned stimulus
• Does not naturally elicit the UR
• Therefore just presenting the US in a different
way (rice at lunch then rice at dinner)
• Need something separately associated with
the US (ex. Maybe mom uses special utensils
to make rice)
• Spontaneous recovery
