Chapter 03 - Molecules of Life · Web viewUDOL.STES.16.3.3 - Examine the importance of carbon atoms in the molecules of life. 5. Although carbon dioxide contains carbon, it is not

Chapter 03 - Molecules of Life

Multiple Choice

1. Hydrogenation is a chemical process that ____. a. turns liquid oil to solid fats b. turns amino acids into proteins c. turns DNA into lipids d. creates stable alternative energy sources e. creates unstable alternative energy sourcesANSWER: aDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: RememberREFERENCES: 3.1 Fear of FryingLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.3.1 - Examine how trans fats affect human health.

2. Fats are major constituents of ____. a. proteins b. genes c. photosynthesis d. cell membranes e. nucleic acidsANSWER: dDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: RememberREFERENCES: 3.1 Fear of FryingLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.3.1 - Examine how trans fats affect human health.

3. Typical fat molecules have ____ fatty acid chain(s). a. one b. two c. three d. four e. fiveANSWER: cDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: RememberREFERENCES: 3.1 Fear of FryingLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.3.1 - Examine how trans fats affect human health.

4. A single atom of carbon may form up to ____ covalent bonds with other atoms. a. two b. three c. four d. five e. sixANSWER: cDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES: 3.2 Organic MoleculesLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.3.3 - Examine the importance of carbon atoms in the molecules of life.Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1


5. Although carbon dioxide contains carbon, it is not considered an "organic" compound because ____. a. it is not found in the earth's crust b. it is not present in living cells c. the carbon atom is not bonded to at least one hydrogen atom d. the carbons are not in chains or rings e. it is too smallANSWER: cDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: RememberREFERENCES: 3.2 Organic MoleculesLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.3.2 - Examine the composition of organic molecules.

6. A hydrolysis reaction results in ____. a. bond formation of a macromolecule b. bond breakage of a macromolecule c. lipid molecule creation d. nucleic acids creation e. most macromoleculesANSWER: bDIFFICULTY: Bloom's:REFERENCES: 3.3 Molecules of Life—From Structure to FunctionLEARNING OBJECTIVES:

UDOL.STES.16.3.5 - Examine how functional groups influence the properties of an organic compound.

7. An -OH group is a(n) ____ group. a. carboxyl b. hydroxyl c. amino d. methyl e. carbonylANSWER: bDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: RememberREFERENCES: 3.3 Molecules of Life—From Structure to FunctionLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


8. An -NH2 group is a(n) ____ group. a. carboxyl b. hydroxyl c. amine d. methyl e. carbonylANSWER: cDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: RememberREFERENCES: 3.3 Molecules of Life—From Structure to FunctionCopyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 2


3.6 ProteinsLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


Figure 3.6B

9. The figure above illustrates a ____ reaction that produces one ____ and a ____. a. condensation; hydroxyl; polymer b. condensation; water molecule; polymer c. cleavage; water molecule; monomer d. rearrangement; water molecule; polymer e. rearrangement; hydrogen ion; polymerANSWER: bDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: ApplyREFERENCES: 3.3 Molecules of Life—From Structure to FunctionLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


10. What kind of reaction produces small molecules by cleaving large molecules? a. oxidation b. reduction c. condensation d. hydrolysis e. decarboxylationANSWER: dDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES: 3.3 Molecules of Life—From Structure to FunctionLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


11. Which of the following may characterize monosaccharides? a. An amino group

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 3


b. Carbon and hydrogen 1:2 ratio c. A backbone of eight carbon atoms d. One carbonyl group e. The presence of glycerol and fatty acidsANSWER: dDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES: 3.4 CarbohydratesLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.3.6 - Contrast the features of the different types of carbohydrates.

12. Fructose and glucose are both ____. a. six-carbon sugars b. disaccharides c. monosaccharides d. disaccharides and six-carbon sugars e. monosaccharides and six-carbon sugarsANSWER: eDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES: 3.4 CarbohydratesLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.3.6 - Contrast the features of the different types of carbohydrates.

13. Oligosaccharides include ____. a. sucrose only b. glucose only c. fructose only d. lactose only e. both sucrose and lactoseANSWER: eDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: RememberREFERENCES: 3.4 CarbohydratesLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.3.6 - Contrast the features of the different types of carbohydrates.

14. Glucose and fructose ____. a. form rings with the same number of carbon atoms b. have two oxygen atoms as part of their ring structure c. have identical functional groups d. contain the same number of hydrogen atoms and hydroxyl groups e. form the same polysaccharide moleculeANSWER: dDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES: 3.4 CarbohydratesLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.3.6 - Contrast the features of the different types of carbohydrates.

15. The sugars in DNA and RNA ____. a. have a different number of carbon atoms



b. have the same structural formulas c. are the two components of sucrose d. are monosaccharides e. are disaccharidesANSWER: dDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: ApplyREFERENCES: 3.4 Carbohydrates

3.8 Nucleic AcidsLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.3.6 - Contrast the features of the different types of carbohydrates.

16. Sucrose is composed of____. a. two molecules of fructose b. two molecules of glucose c. a molecule of fructose and a molecule of glucose d. a molecule of fructose and a molecule of galactose e. a monosaccharide and a disaccharideANSWER: cDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: RememberREFERENCES: 3.4 CarbohydratesLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.3.6 - Contrast the features of the different types of carbohydrates.

17. Glycogen is a polysaccharide used for energy storage by ____. a. animals b. plants c. protists d. bacteria e. archaeaANSWER: aDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: RememberREFERENCES: 3.4 CarbohydratesLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.3.6 - Contrast the features of the different types of carbohydrates.

18. Cellulose is ____. a. a polysaccharide found in cell walls of plants b. a component of cell membranes c. an oligosaccharide found in animals d. formed by hydrolysis of monosaccharides e. a component of invertebrate exoskeletonsANSWER: aDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES: 3.4 CarbohydratesLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.3.6 - Contrast the features of the different types of carbohydrates.

19. Which feature is characteristic of all polysaccharides? a. energy usageCopyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 5


b. always branched chains c. fructose subunits d. only consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms e. produced by condensation reactionsANSWER: eDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES: 3.4 CarbohydratesLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.3.6 - Contrast the features of the different types of carbohydrates.

20. Polysaccharides ____. a. are composed of three linked monosaccharides b. contain only straight monomer chains c. are always made of glucose molecules d. may be insoluble and difficult to break down e. are formed by cleavage reactionsANSWER: dDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: ApplyREFERENCES: 3.4 CarbohydratesLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.3.6 - Contrast the features of the different types of carbohydrates.

21. Which lipid type does not have fatty acid tails? a. phospholipids b. polysaccharides c. unsaturated fats d. steroids e. saturated fatsANSWER: dDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: ApplyREFERENCES: 3.5 LipidsLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.3.8 - Examine the different types of naturally occurring lipids using

diagrams.

22. Triglycerides are ____. a. carbohydrates b. nucleotides c. proteins d. neutral fats e. amino acidsANSWER: dDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES: 3.5 LipidsLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.3.8 - Examine the different types of naturally occurring lipids using

diagrams.



Chapter 3 (page 45)

23. In the figure above, the honeycomb on which the bee is standing is made up primarily of ____. a. carbohydrates b. nucleotides c. proteins d. lipids e. amino acidsANSWER: dDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES: 3.5 LipidsLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.3.8 - Examine the different types of naturally occurring lipids using

diagrams.

Figure 3.10 B

24. What are the arrows pointing to in the accompanying figure? a. double ionic bonds b. single ionic bondsCopyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 7


c. double covalent bonds d. single covalent bonds e. hydrogen bondsANSWER: cDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: ApplyREFERENCES: 3.5 LipidsLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.3.8 - Examine the different types of naturally occurring lipids using

diagrams.

25. What type of molecule is shown in the accompanying figure? a. saturated fatty acid b. unsaturated fatty acid c. triglyceride d. wax e. steroidANSWER: bDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: ApplyREFERENCES: 3.5 LipidsLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.3.8 - Examine the different types of naturally occurring lipids using

diagrams.

26. Steroids ____. a. have no fatty-acid component b. consist of three rings c. have the same type of functional groups attached to them d. are a specialized type of wax e. are a specialized type of phospholipidANSWER: aDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES: 3.5 LipidsLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.3.8 - Examine the different types of naturally occurring lipids using

diagrams.

27. Cholesterol ____. a. has a rigid backbone of four nitrogen rings b. is the most common steroid in animal tissue c. is a lipid with a fatty-acid component d. is needed to inhibit sexual development and maturity e. is needed to lubricate feathersANSWER: bDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES: 3.5 LipidsLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.3.8 - Examine the different types of naturally occurring lipids using

diagrams.



28. Which type of lipid is composed of long-chain fatty acids attached to long-chain alcohols? a. triglycerides b. phospholipids c. sterols d. waxes e. most neutral fatsANSWER: dDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES: 3.5 LipidsLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.3.8 - Examine the different types of naturally occurring lipids using

diagrams.

29. Polyunsaturated fats ____. a. have fewer hydrogen atoms than do saturated fats b. are more characteristic of animal fats than plant fats c. have no double bonds d. are solid at room temperature e. are gas at room temperatureANSWER: aDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES: 3.5 LipidsLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.3.8 - Examine the different types of naturally occurring lipids using

diagrams.

30. Lipids ____. a. yield less energy per gram than do carbohydrates b. include cartilage and chitin c. include fats consisting of three fatty-acid molecules and one glycerol molecule d. are composed of monosaccharides e. are only found in animalsANSWER: cDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES: 3.5 LipidsLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.3.7 - Describe the composition of a lipid molecule.

31. All steroids have ____. a. the same number of double bonds b. one or more fatty acids c. four rings of carbon to which other atoms are attached d. the same functional groups e. the same number and positions of double bondsANSWER: cDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES: 3.5 LipidsLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.3.8 - Examine the different types of naturally occurring lipids using Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 9


diagrams.

32. The order of amino acids is the ____ structure of proteins. a. primary b. secondary c. tertiary d. quaternary e. stereoANSWER: aDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES: 3.6 ProteinsLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.3.9 - Explain how the structure of a protein influences its function.

33. What kind of bonds link amino acids to form the basic sequence of a protein? a. disulfide b. hydrogen c. ionic d. peptide e. noncovalentANSWER: dDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES: 3.6 ProteinsLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.3.9 - Explain how the structure of a protein influences its function.

34. The interaction of two or more polypeptide chains in a hemoglobin molecule is its ____ structure. a. primary b. secondary c. tertiary d. quaternary e. combinedANSWER: dDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES: 3.6 ProteinsLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.3.9 - Explain how the structure of a protein influences its function.

35. A helix is one possible ____ structure of ____. a. primary; proteins b. primary; carbohydrates c. primary; lipids d. secondary; proteins e. tertiary; proteinsANSWER: dDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES: 3.6 Proteins



LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.3.9 - Explain how the structure of a protein influences its function.

36. What may be a result of the denaturation of proteins? a. formation of hydrogen bonds b. loss of three-dimensional structure c. removal of R groups from amino acids d. no change in enzyme activity e. formation of covalent bondsANSWER: bDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: ApplyREFERENCES: 3.7 Why Is Protein Structure So Important?LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.3.10 - Outline the negative consequences of an abnormal protein structure.

37. Which of the following is found in every nucleotide? a. ribose b. a single phosphate group c. a single carbon ring d. a double nitrogen ring e. nitrogenANSWER: eDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: ApplyREFERENCES: 3.8 Nucleic AcidsLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.3.12 - Examine the different types of nucleic acids with examples.

Figure 3.18

38. The figure above illustrates a(n) ____. a. guanine nucleotide b. cytosine nucleotide



c. thymine nucleotide d. adenine nucleotide e. uracil nucleotideANSWER: dDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES: 3.8 Nucleic AcidsLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.3.12 - Examine the different types of nucleic acids with examples.

39. What type of sugar is shown in the figure above? a. deoxyribose b. ribose c. phosphate d. nitrogenous e. adenineANSWER: bDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: ApplyREFERENCES: 3.8 Nucleic AcidsLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.3.12 - Examine the different types of nucleic acids with examples.

40. Nucleotides contain what kind of sugars? a. three-carbon b. four-carbon c. five-carbon d. six-carbon e. seven-carbonANSWER: cDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES: 3.8 Nucleic AcidsLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.3.12 - Examine the different types of nucleic acids with examples.

41. Which molecule is incorrectly matched with its monomer? a. fat; fatty acid b. starch; ribose c. protein; amino acid d. glycogen; glucose e. nucleic acids; nucleotideANSWER: bDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: AnalyzeREFERENCES: 3.8 Nucleic AcidsLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.3.12 - Examine the different types of nucleic acids with examples.

Matching

Choose the one most appropriate item from its description.a. a six-carbon sugarCopyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 12


b. found in DNA and RNAc. principal components of cell membranesd. affect metabolic reaction ratesDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES: 3.6 ProteinsLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.3.9 - Explain how the structure of a protein influences its function.

42. enzymesANSWER: d

Choose the one most appropriate item from its description.a. a six-carbon sugarb. found in DNA and RNAc. principal components of cell membranesd. affect metabolic reaction ratesDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES: 3.4 CarbohydratesLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.3.6 - Contrast the features of the different types of carbohydrates.

43. glucoseANSWER: a

Choose the one most appropriate item from its description.a. a six-carbon sugarb. found in DNA and RNAc. principal components of cell membranesd. affect metabolic reaction ratesDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES: 3.8 Nucleic AcidsLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.3.12 - Examine the different types of nucleic acids with examples.

44. nucleotidesANSWER: b

Choose the one most appropriate item from its description.a. a six-carbon sugarb. found in DNA and RNAc. principal components of cell membranesd. affect metabolic reaction ratesDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES: 3.5 LipidsLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.3.8 - Examine the different types of naturally occurring lipids using

diagrams.

45. phospholipidsANSWER: c



Classification. The following are chemical functional groups that may be part of a biologically active molecule. Answer the questions bymatching the items with the most appropriate group. a. -COOHb. -CH3c. -NH2d. -OHe.

f. -PO43-g. -CHODIFFICULTY: Bloom's: ApplyREFERENCES: 3.3 Molecules of Life—From Structure to FunctionLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


46. The amine groupANSWER: c

47. The carboxyl groupANSWER: a

48. The group that is acidicANSWER: a

49. The aldehyde group in simple sugarsANSWER: g

50. The methyl groupANSWER: b

51. The hydroxyl groupANSWER: d

52. The carbonyl group of simple sugarsANSWER: e

53. The group on the amino-terminal end of proteinsANSWER: c

54. The group on the carboxyl-terminal end of proteinsANSWER: a

55. The group that makes lipid ‘head’s hydrophilicANSWER: a

56. The group typical of energy carriers such as ATPANSWER: fCopyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 14


Classification. The following are basic building blocks of biopolymers. Match the building blocks with the statements below.a. amino acidb. glucosec. glycerold. fatty acide. nucleotideDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: ApplyREFERENCES: 3.6 ProteinsLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.3.9 - Explain how the structure of a protein influences its function.

57. the basic unit of proteinsANSWER: a

58. the monomers of a polypeptide chainANSWER: a

Classification. The following are basic building blocks of biopolymers. Match the building blocks with the statements below.a. amino acidb. glucosec. glycerold. fatty acide. nucleotideDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: ApplyREFERENCES: 3.8 Nucleic AcidsLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.3.12 - Examine the different types of nucleic acids with examples.

59. the basic unit of DNAANSWER: e

60. the basic unit of RNAANSWER: e

Classification. The following are basic building blocks of biopolymers. Match the building blocks with the statements below.a. amino acidb. glucosec. glycerold. fatty acide. nucleotideDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: ApplyREFERENCES: 3.4 CarbohydratesLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.3.6 - Contrast the features of the different types of carbohydrates.

61. the basic unit of cellulose



ANSWER: b

62. the basic unit of glycogenANSWER: b

63. the basic unit of starchANSWER: b

64. the hydrophilic component of lipidsANSWER: c

65. the hydrophobic component of lipidsANSWER: d

Classification. The following are basic building blocks of biopolymers. Match the building blocks with the statements below.a. amino acidb. glucosec. glycerold. fatty acide. nucleotideDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: ApplyREFERENCES: 3.5 LipidsLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.3.7 - Describe the composition of a lipid molecule.

66. Which two units combine in various ways to form lipids?a. a and bb. a and cc. b and cd. b and de. c and dANSWER: e

Match the molecules below with their functionsa. glycogenb. cellulosec. starchd. phospholipide. waxf. steroidg. cholesterolh. DNAi. RNADIFFICULTY: Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES: 3.6 ProteinsLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.3.9 - Explain how the structure of a protein influences its function.



67. main storage carbohydrate in animalsANSWER: a

Match the molecules below with their functionsa. glycogenb. cellulosec. starchd. phospholipide. waxf. steroidg. cholesterolh. DNAi. RNADIFFICULTY: Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES: 3.8 Nucleic AcidsLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.3.12 - Examine the different types of nucleic acids with examples.

68. active role in protein synthesisANSWER: i

Match the molecules below with their functionsa. glycogenb. cellulosec. starchd. phospholipide. waxf. steroidg. cholesterolh. DNAi. RNADIFFICULTY: Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES: 3.5 LipidsLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.3.8 - Examine the different types of naturally occurring lipids using

diagrams.

69. main component of cell membranesANSWER: d

Match the molecules below with their functionsa. glycogenb. cellulosec. starchd. phospholipide. waxf. steroidg. cholesterolCopyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 17


h. DNAi. RNADIFFICULTY: Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES: 3.4 CarbohydratesLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.3.6 - Contrast the features of the different types of carbohydrates.

70. the main component of plant cell wallsANSWER: b

Match the molecules below with their functionsa. glycogenb. cellulosec. starchd. phospholipide. waxf. steroidg. cholesterolh. DNAi. RNADIFFICULTY: Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES: 3.5 LipidsLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.3.8 - Examine the different types of naturally occurring lipids using

diagrams.

71. softens skin and hairANSWER: e

Match the molecules below with their functionsa. glycogenb. cellulosec. starchd. phospholipide. waxf. steroidg. cholesterolh. DNAi. RNADIFFICULTY: Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES: 3.8 Nucleic AcidsLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.3.12 - Examine the different types of nucleic acids with examples.

72. contains information to build a new cellANSWER: h

Match the molecules below with their functionsa. glycogen



b. cellulosec. starchd. phospholipide. waxf. steroidg. cholesterolh. DNAi. RNADIFFICULTY: Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES: 3.5 LipidsLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.3.8 - Examine the different types of naturally occurring lipids using

diagrams.

73. precursor for important molecules such as bile saltsANSWER: g

Match the molecules below with their functionsa. glycogenb. cellulosec. starchd. phospholipide. waxf. steroidg. cholesterolh. DNAi. RNADIFFICULTY: Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES: 3.4 CarbohydratesLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.3.6 - Contrast the features of the different types of carbohydrates.

74. main storage carbohydrate in plantsANSWER: c

Match the molecules below with their functionsa. glycogenb. cellulosec. starchd. phospholipide. waxf. steroidg. cholesterolh. DNAi. RNADIFFICULTY: Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES: 3.5 Lipids



LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.3.8 - Examine the different types of naturally occurring lipids using diagrams.

75. responsible for sexual developmentANSWER: f

Choose the monomer with its polymer.a. glucoseb. nucleotidec. fatty acidd. amino acidDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES: 3.6 ProteinsLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.3.9 - Explain how the structure of a protein influences its function.

76. hemoglobinANSWER: d

Choose the monomer with its polymer.a. glucoseb. nucleotidec. fatty acidd. amino acidDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES: 3.5 LipidsLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.3.8 - Examine the different types of naturally occurring lipids using

diagrams.

77. triglycerideANSWER: c

Choose the monomer with its polymer.a. glucoseb. nucleotidec. fatty acidd. amino acidDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES: 3.8 Nucleic AcidsLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.3.12 - Examine the different types of nucleic acids with examples.

78. DNAANSWER: b

Choose the monomer with its polymer.a. glucoseb. nucleotidec. fatty acid



d. amino acidDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES: 3.4 CarbohydratesLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.3.6 - Contrast the features of the different types of carbohydrates.

79. starchANSWER: a

Completion

80. A(n) _____________________ is a term given to a macromolecule (large molecule) made up of individual subunits.ANSWER: polymerDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES: 3.2 Organic MoleculesLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.3.4 - Recognize the importance of organic compounds in biological systems.

81. Write the empirical formula for a carbohydrate.ANSWER: (CH2O)n

DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: AnalyzeREFERENCES: 3.4 CarbohydratesLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.3.6 - Contrast the features of the different types of carbohydrates.

82. A denatured protein has lost its _____________________.ANSWER: 3D structure

three dimensional structureDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES: 3.7 Why Is Protein Structure So Important?LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.3.10 - Outline the negative consequences of an abnormal protein structure.

83. A lipid _____________________ is the most common conformation of the membrane of living systems.ANSWER: bilayerDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES: 3.5 LipidsLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.3.8 - Examine the different types of naturally occurring lipids using

diagrams.

Subjective Short Answer

84. In biology, many complementary processes exist. Explain how condensation reactions are complementary to hydrolysis reactions.ANSWER: In condensation reactions, a hydroxyl ion is removed from one reactant while a hydrogen ion is

removed from the other (collectively forming water). This allows the two reactants to bind. In hydrolysis reactions, reactants are separated by adding a hydroxyl ion to one reactant and a hydrogen ion to the other, using a water molecule.

DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES: 3.3 Molecules of Life—From Structure to FunctionLEARNING OBJE UDOL.STES.16.3.4 - Recognize the importance of organic compounds in biological systems.



CTIVES:

85. How are cellulose and starch similar and how do they differ?ANSWER: Both cellulose and starch are complex carbohydrates, i.e., long chains of monomers. Both are found in

plants. However, cellulose is a structural molecule that is not easily digested (hydrolyzed), while starch is an energy-storage molecule that is easily hydrolyzed.

DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: AnalyzeREFERENCES: 3.4 CarbohydratesLEARNING OBJECTIVES:

UDOL.STES.16.3.6 - Contrast the features of the different types of carbohydrates.

86. What property of phospholipids allows them to form cell membranes?ANSWER: Phospholipids have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic components. The hydrophilic phosphate end

interacts well with the watery environment outside and inside the cell, while the hydrophobic fatty acid tails form the middle of the phospholipid bilayer.

DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES: 3.5 LipidsLEARNING OBJECTIVES:

UDOL.STES.16.3.8 - Examine the different types of naturally occurring lipids using diagrams.

87. Explain why vigorous exercise in warm weather could be hazardous to your enzymes.ANSWER: For enzymes, a class of proteins, to function properly them must retain their proper structure. Heat is

capable of denaturing proteins, or altering their mature structure. Extreme exercise in hot weather can cause the body to overheat and denature the enzymes. Great care should be taken to avoid overheating!

DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: ApplyREFERENCES: 3.7 Why Is Protein Structure So Important?LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

UDOL.STES.16.3.10 - Outline the negative consequences of an abnormal protein structure.


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Chapter 03 - Molecules of Life · Web viewUDOL.STES.16.3.3 - Examine the importance of carbon atoms in the molecules of life. 5. Although carbon dioxide contains carbon, it is not