Upload
raul-thomas
View
71
Download
12
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
ABAP List Viewer (ALV)
Citation preview
IBM Global Services
Overview of ABAP List Viewer (ALV) | 5.01
March-2005 © 2005 IBM Corporation
ABAP List Viewer (ALV)
IBM Global Services
© 2005 IBM Corporation2 March-2005Overview of ABAP List Viewer (ALV) | 5.01
Objectives
The participants will be able to : Describe the features and advantages of ALV.
Describe the different function modules that should be used to properly produce a report output in ALV.
Create simple ALV reports.
Format the layout of the ALV reports.
IBM Global Services
© 2005 IBM Corporation3 March-2005Overview of ABAP List Viewer (ALV) | 5.01
ALV (ABAP List Viewer)
ABAP List Viewer (ALV) is a simple, user friendly and better looking reporting tool as compared to the usage of write statements in a conventional / interactive report.
SAP provides a set of ALV (ABAP LIST VIEWER) function modules, which can be put into use to embellish the output of a report. This set of ALV functions is used to enhance the readability and functionality of any report output.
IBM Global Services
© 2005 IBM Corporation4 March-2005Overview of ABAP List Viewer (ALV) | 5.01
Advantages of ALV
Looks better.
User friendly Filtering / Sorting
Layout Change / Save
Summation, Download to excel, E-Mail
Data can be open for input / change etc.
Better Event handling
Width of more than 256 characters possible
Programming overhead of mentioning exact positions in write statements not needed.
IBM Global Services
© 2005 IBM Corporation5 March-2005Overview of ABAP List Viewer (ALV) | 5.01
ALV Features
Column Heading
Row(s)
Selection
Sorting
Filtering
Download to Excel
Change Layout
IBM Global Services
© 2005 IBM Corporation6 March-2005Overview of ABAP List Viewer (ALV) | 5.01
ALV Features (Contd.)
Fields Open For
Input
Display Graphics
IBM Global Services
© 2005 IBM Corporation7 March-2005Overview of ABAP List Viewer (ALV) | 5.01
ALV Programming
Two Approaches Conventional (Using SAP Standard Function Modules).
Object Oriented (Using SAP Standard Classes and Methods).
IBM Global Services
© 2005 IBM Corporation8 March-2005Overview of ABAP List Viewer (ALV) | 5.01
Common ALV functions
The commonly used ALV function modules are: REUSE_ALV_VARIANT_DEFAULT_GET
REUSE_ALV_VARIANT_F4
REUSE_ALV_VARIANT_EXISTENCE
REUSE_ALV_EVENTS_GET
REUSE_ALV_COMMENTARY_WRITE
REUSE_ALV_FIELDCATALOG_MERGE
REUSE_ALV_POPUP_TO_SELECT
REUSE_ALV_LIST_DISPLAY
REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY
IBM Global Services
© 2005 IBM Corporation9 March-2005Overview of ABAP List Viewer (ALV) | 5.01
Major Steps to construct an ALV Report
Step 1 : Data Declaration.
Step 2 : Selecting the Variant for initial list display (Default Variant). Optional : Used only if report layout is maintained through variant management.
Step 3 : Defining output characteristics: preparing display Field-catalog.
Step 4 : Build a table for Events, which are used for firing both user commands and the system dependent events i.e. top of page, end of page etc.
Optional : Required if the report has custom buttons, interactive properties etc or you need to display something at the top of page or end of page sections.
Step 5 : Build the Layout for report display.
Continued to next slide…
IBM Global Services
© 2005 IBM Corporation10 March-2005Overview of ABAP List Viewer (ALV) | 5.01
Major Steps to construct an ALV Report (Contd.)
Step 6 : Get the Selection Screen information in the report output. Optional : Required only if you need to display selection screen values in the report
output.
Step 7 : Specify the Sorting and/or Subtotaling of the basic list. Optional : Required when sorting and/or subtotaling is required for some columns in
the report output.
Step 8 : Finally display report output, using the following ALV functions modules:
1. REUSE_ALV_FIELDCATALOG_MERGE
2. REUSE_ALV_LIST_DISPLAY
Or
REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY
IBM Global Services
© 2005 IBM Corporation11 March-2005Overview of ABAP List Viewer (ALV) | 5.01
Step 1: Data Declaration
SAP Standard type pools: SLIS , KKBLO .
SAP Standard tables types taken from the type pools are: SLIS_LAYOUT_ALV ,SLIS_T_FIELDCAT_ALV,SLIS_T_LISTHEADER,SLIS_T_EVENT,SLIS_SELFIELD.
Internal tables to be used in the program declared based on the above table types:DATA: I_LAYOUT TYPE SLIS_LAYOUT_ALV,
I_FIELDTAB TYPE SLIS_T_FIELDCAT_ALV, I_HEADING TYPE SLIS_T_LISTHEADER, I_EVENTS TYPE SLIS_T_EVENT. TYPES: KKBLO_SELFIELD TYPE SLIS_SELFIELD.
IBM Global Services
© 2005 IBM Corporation12 March-2005Overview of ABAP List Viewer (ALV) | 5.01
CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_VARIANT_DEFAULT_GET'
* EXPORTING
I_SAVE = Variant save condition ( A=all, U = user-specific )
CHANGING
cs_variant = Internal table containing the program name ( and the default variant: Optional )
* EXCEPTIONS
* WRONG_INPUT = 1
* NOT_FOUND = 2
* PROGRAM_ERROR = 3
* OTHERS = 4.
.
Step 2: Selecting the Variant for initial list display (Default Variant).
IBM Global Services
© 2005 IBM Corporation13 March-2005Overview of ABAP List Viewer (ALV) | 5.01
ALV Function Modules : REUSE_ALV_VARIANT_F4
CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_VARIANT_F4'
EXPORTING
is_variant =
* I_TABNAME_HEADER =
* I_TABNAME_ITEM =
* IT_DEFAULT_FIELDCAT =
* I_SAVE = ' '
* I_DISPLAY_VIA_GRID = ' '
* IMPORTING
* E_EXIT =
* ES_VARIANT =
* EXCEPTIONS
* NOT_FOUND = 1
* PROGRAM_ERROR = 2
* OTHERS = 3.
IBM Global Services
© 2005 IBM Corporation14 March-2005Overview of ABAP List Viewer (ALV) | 5.01
CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_VARIANT_EXISTENCE'
* EXPORTING
* I_SAVE = ' '
CHANGING
cs_variant =
* EXCEPTIONS
* WRONG_INPUT = 1
* NOT_FOUND = 2
* PROGRAM_ERROR = 3
* OTHERS = 4.
ALV Function Modules : REUSE_ALV_VARIANT_EXISTENCE
IBM Global Services
© 2005 IBM Corporation15 March-2005Overview of ABAP List Viewer (ALV) | 5.01
Step 3: Defining output characteristics: preparing display Field-catalog
A field catalog is prepared using the internal table (I_FIELDCAT) of type SLIS_T_FIELDCAT_ALV.
The field catalog for the output table is built-up in the caller's coding. The build-up can be completely or partially automated by calling the REUSE_ALV_FIELDCATALOG_MERGE module.
IBM Global Services
© 2005 IBM Corporation16 March-2005Overview of ABAP List Viewer (ALV) | 5.01
Specifying attributes for fields in Field Catalog
All the values entered in the catalog is specific to the particular field whose name is entered in the field FIELDNAME of the field catalog structure. The name of the table is also entered in the corresponding Fieldname TABNAME of the structure.
Some important attributes that can be defined for a field are: Col_pos (column position)
Fieldname (field name)
Tabname (internal output table)
Ref_fieldname (reference field name)
Ref_tabname (reference table/structure field name
Link to currency unit
Cfieldname (currency unit field name)
Ctabname (internal currency unit field output table)
IBM Global Services
© 2005 IBM Corporation17 March-2005Overview of ABAP List Viewer (ALV) | 5.01
Specifying attributes for fields in Field Catalog (Contd.)
Link to measurement unit
Qfieldname (measurement unit field name)
Qtabname (internal measurement unit field output table)
Outputlen (column width)
Key (key column)
No_out (field in field list)
Emphasize (highlight columns in color)
Hotspot (column as hotspot)
IBM Global Services
© 2005 IBM Corporation18 March-2005Overview of ABAP List Viewer (ALV) | 5.01
Specifying attributes for fields in Field Catalog (Contd.)
Fix_column (fix column)
Do_sum (sum over column)
No_sum (sums forbidden)
Icon
Just (justification)
Lzero (leading zeros)
No_sign (no +/- sign)
Edit_mask (field formatting)
The following parameters are used for customizing the texts in the heading of the output of the columns.
Seltext_l (long field label)
Seltext_m (medium field label)
Seltext_s (short field label)
IBM Global Services
© 2005 IBM Corporation19 March-2005Overview of ABAP List Viewer (ALV) | 5.01
Step 4: Build a table for Events
*Internal Table needed for eventsDATA: i_events TYPE slis_t_event. *Calling Function module to populate table with possible events CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_EVENTS_GET' EXPORTING i_list_type = 0 IMPORTING et_events = i_events EXCEPTIONS list_type_wrong = 1 OTHERS = 2.
SORT i_events BY name.
Continued to next page…
IBM Global Services
© 2005 IBM Corporation20 March-2005Overview of ABAP List Viewer (ALV) | 5.01
Step 4: Build a table for Events (Contd.)
SORT i_events BY name.
*Reading events table READ TABLE i_events WITH KEY name = 'TOP_OF_PAGE' BINARY SEARCH.
IF sy-subrc IS INITIAL.*Assign event name to variable MOVE 'TOP_OF_PAGE' TO i_events-form. MODIFY i_events INDEX sy-tabix. ENDIF.
IBM Global Services
© 2005 IBM Corporation21 March-2005Overview of ABAP List Viewer (ALV) | 5.01
Step 5: Build the Layout for report display
A layout is build for the report output description USING the internal table for Layout (I_LAYOUT).
The layout parameters are described under the following heads: Display options
Exceptions
Totals
Interaction
Detail screen
Color
Other
IBM Global Services
© 2005 IBM Corporation22 March-2005Overview of ABAP List Viewer (ALV) | 5.01
Preparing the Layout (Contd.)
DATA: st_layout TYPE slis_layout_alv, " ALV Layout
st_layout-box_fieldname = 'BOX'. " Box Fieldname st_layout-get_selinfos = 'X'. " Get info of select records st_layout-colwidth_optimize = 'X'. " To optimize coloumn width st_layout-no_keyfix = 'X'. " To scroll Key fields
IBM Global Services
© 2005 IBM Corporation23 March-2005Overview of ABAP List Viewer (ALV) | 5.01
Step 6 : Get the Selection Screen information in the report output.
For this you need to set the parameter LAYOUT-GET_SELINFOS of the Layout structure
If the calling program is a report with an ABAP/4 selection screen, setting this parameter makes ALV read the selection screen again. If the selections are read successfully, a pushbutton, via which the user can call a popup which lists the report selections in a simple form, becomes active on the results list output by ALV.
IBM Global Services
© 2005 IBM Corporation24 March-2005Overview of ABAP List Viewer (ALV) | 5.01
Step 7 : Specify the Sorting and/or Subtotaling of the basic list.
The Table IT_SORT is populated with the sort criteria for the different fields.
The caller specifies the Sorting and/or Subtotaling of the basic list in the internal table IT_SORT.
This internal table has the following fields: spos : Sort sequence
fieldname : Internal output table field name
tabname : Only relevant for hierarchical-sequential lists. Name of the internal output table.
up : 'X' = sort in ascending order
down : 'X' = sort in descending order
subtot : 'X' = subtotal at group value change
group : '* ' = new page at group value change ,'UL' = underline at group value change
IBM Global Services
© 2005 IBM Corporation25 March-2005Overview of ABAP List Viewer (ALV) | 5.01
Step 8 : Display the Report output
Finally display report output, using the following ALV functions modules:
REUSE_ALV_FIELDCATALOG_MERGE
REUSE_ALV_LIST_DISPLAY
OR
REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY
1.
2.
IBM Global Services
© 2005 IBM Corporation26 March-2005Overview of ABAP List Viewer (ALV) | 5.01
Display ALV List
CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_LIST_DISPLAY' EXPORTING I_CALLBACK_PROGRAM = WS_REPNAME I_STRUCTURE_NAME = Internal output table field name IS_LAYOUT = I_LAYOUT IT_FIELDCAT = I_FIELDTAB I_DEFAULT = 'A' I_SAVE = 'A' IS_VARIANT = 'X' IT_EVENTS = I_EVENTS[] IT_SORT = I_SORT IS_SEL_HIDE = I_SELINFO TABLES T_OUTTAB = Internal output table field name.
IBM Global Services
© 2005 IBM Corporation27 March-2005Overview of ABAP List Viewer (ALV) | 5.01
ALV Function Modules : Important Parameters
IMPORTING
I_CALLBACK_PROGRAM
I_CALLBACK_USER_COMMAND
I_STRUCTURE_NAME
IS_LAYOUT
IT_FIELDCAT
IT_EXCLUDING
IT_SPECIAL_GROUPS
IT_SORT
IT_FILTER
IS_SEL_HIDE
I_DEFAULT
I_SAVE
IS_VARIANT
IS_PRINT
RE
US
E_A
LV
_LIS
T_D
ISP
LA
Y
RE
US
E_A
LV
_GR
ID_D
ISP
LA
Y
EXPORTING
E_EXIT_CAUSED_BY_CALLER
ES_EXIT_CAUSED_BY_USER
TABLES
T_OUTTAB
IBM Global Services
© 2005 IBM Corporation28 March-2005Overview of ABAP List Viewer (ALV) | 5.01
REPORT Y_DEMO_ALV_LIST NO STANDARD PAGE HEADING.
* Data to be displayed
DATA: I_SFLIGHT TYPE TABLE OF SFLIGHT.
* Selection
SELECT * FROM SFLIGHT INTO TABLE I_SFLIGHT.
* Call ABAP List Viewer (ALV)
CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_LIST_DISPLAY'
EXPORTING
I_STRUCTURE_NAME = 'SFLIGHT'
TABLES
T_OUTTAB = I_SFLIGHT.
Simple Program Walkthrough : REUSE_ALV_LIST_DISPLAY
IBM Global Services
© 2005 IBM Corporation29 March-2005Overview of ABAP List Viewer (ALV) | 5.01
Result: REUSE_ALV_LIST_DISPLAY
IBM Global Services
© 2005 IBM Corporation30 March-2005Overview of ABAP List Viewer (ALV) | 5.01
Demonstration
Creation of a simple ALV list report using the function module REUSE_ALV_LIST_DISPLAY.
IBM Global Services
© 2005 IBM Corporation31 March-2005Overview of ABAP List Viewer (ALV) | 5.01
Practice
Creation of a simple ALV list report using the function module REUSE_ALV_LIST_DISPLAY.
IBM Global Services
© 2005 IBM Corporation32 March-2005Overview of ABAP List Viewer (ALV) | 5.01
REPORT Y_DEMO_ALV_GRID .
* Data to be displayed
DATA: I_SFLIGHT TYPE TABLE OF SFLIGHT.
* Selection
SELECT * FROM SFLIGHT INTO TABLE I_SFLIGHT.
* Call ABAP List Viewer (ALV)
CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY'
EXPORTING
I_STRUCTURE_NAME = 'SFLIGHT'
TABLES
T_OUTTAB = I_SFLIGHT.
Simple Program Walkthrough: REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY
IBM Global Services
© 2005 IBM Corporation33 March-2005Overview of ABAP List Viewer (ALV) | 5.01
Result : REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY
IBM Global Services
© 2005 IBM Corporation34 March-2005Overview of ABAP List Viewer (ALV) | 5.01
Demonstration
Create a simple ALV grid report using the function module REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY
IBM Global Services
© 2005 IBM Corporation35 March-2005Overview of ABAP List Viewer (ALV) | 5.01
Practice
Create a simple ALV grid report using the function module REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY
IBM Global Services
© 2005 IBM Corporation36 March-2005Overview of ABAP List Viewer (ALV) | 5.01
In the PARAMETERS give I_GRID_TITLE = 'Flight Information‘ and Call the function 'REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY'
Title
Simple Program Walkthrough:Including Title in the Report for GRID DISPLAY
IBM Global Services
© 2005 IBM Corporation37 March-2005Overview of ABAP List Viewer (ALV) | 5.01
Simple Program Walkthrough: Using FIELDCAT to Position Columns
DATA: i_fcat TYPE slis_t_fieldcat_alv, wa_fcat TYPE slis_fieldcat_alv.
wa_fcat-tabname = 'I_SFLIGHT'.wa_fcat-col_pos = '1'.wa_fcat-fieldname = 'CARRID'.append wa_fcat to i_fcat.
wa_fcat-col_pos = '2'.wa_fcat-fieldname = 'FLDATE'.append wa_fcat to i_fcat.
wa_fcat-col_pos = '3'.wa_fcat-fieldname = 'CONNID'.append wa_fcat to i_fcat.
wa_fcat-col_pos = '4'.wa_fcat-fieldname = 'PRICE'.APPEND wa_fcat TO i_fcat.
wa_fcat-fieldname = 'CURRENCY'.wa_fcat-no_out = 'X'.APPEND wa_fcat TO i_fcat.
wa_fcat-fieldname = 'PLANETYPE'.wa_fcat-no_out = 'X'.APPEND wa_fcat TO i_fcat.
In the function module pass :
IT_FIELDCAT = i_fcat
IBM Global Services
© 2005 IBM Corporation38 March-2005Overview of ABAP List Viewer (ALV) | 5.01
Result :
CARRID
PRICE
CONNID
FLDATE
IBM Global Services
© 2005 IBM Corporation39 March-2005Overview of ABAP List Viewer (ALV) | 5.01
Demonstration
Creating a simple ALV report by populating the field catalog table, using the function module REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY.
IBM Global Services
© 2005 IBM Corporation40 March-2005Overview of ABAP List Viewer (ALV) | 5.01
Practice
Creating a simple ALV report by populating the field catalog table, using the function module REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY.
IBM Global Services
© 2005 IBM Corporation41 March-2005Overview of ABAP List Viewer (ALV) | 5.01
1. Go to Transaction SE41(Menu Painter).
2. Give the Program as SAPLKKBL and the Status as STANDARD.
3. Now copy the STANDARD status of the Program SAPLKKBL to a customized status ‘YALVGRID’ for Program Y_DEMO_ALV_GRID.
4. Go to the Program Y_DEMO_ALV_GRID and create a Subroutine
SET_PF_STATUS using rt_extab TYPE SLIS_T_EXTAB for setting the standard ALV PF-STATUS to the customized PF-STATUS ‘YALVGRID’.
FORM set_pf_status USING p_rt_extab TYPE slis_t_extab.
SET PF-STATUS 'YALVGRID'.
ENDFORM. " set_pf_status
Simple Program Walkthrough: Changing the Default Status Bar of ALV
IBM Global Services
© 2005 IBM Corporation42 March-2005Overview of ABAP List Viewer (ALV) | 5.01
Simple Program Walkthrough: Changing the Default Status Bar of ALV (Contd.)
IBM Global Services
© 2005 IBM Corporation43 March-2005Overview of ABAP List Viewer (ALV) | 5.01
CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY'
EXPORTING
I_STRUCTURE_NAME = 'SFLIGHT'
I_CALLBACK_PROGRAM = 'Y_DEMO_ALV_GRID'
I_CALLBACK_PF_STATUS_SET = 'SET_PF_STATUS'
IT_FIELDCAT = i_fcat
I_GRID_TITLE = 'Flight Information'
TABLES
T_OUTTAB = I_SFLIGHT.
Call the function module ‘REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY’ as:
Simple Program Walkthrough: Changing the Default Status Bar of ALV (Contd.)
IBM Global Services
© 2005 IBM Corporation44 March-2005Overview of ABAP List Viewer (ALV) | 5.01
Result : Changing the Default Status Bar of ALV (Contd.)
Custom Button for adding extra
functionality
IBM Global Services
© 2005 IBM Corporation45 March-2005Overview of ABAP List Viewer (ALV) | 5.01
Demonstration
Creating a simple ALV report by changing the default status bar, using the function module REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY.
IBM Global Services
© 2005 IBM Corporation46 March-2005Overview of ABAP List Viewer (ALV) | 5.01
Practice
Creating a simple ALV report by changing the default status bar, using the function module REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY.
IBM Global Services
© 2005 IBM Corporation47 March-2005Overview of ABAP List Viewer (ALV) | 5.01
Simple Program Walkthrough : Adding Function Codes
FORM user_command USING v_ucomm LIKE sy-ucomm v_selfield TYPE slis_selfield.
CASE v_ucomm.
WHEN 'BACK'.
* When Back button is pressed is pressed leave list
LEAVE LIST-PROCESSING.
ENDCASE.
ENDFORM.
Create a Subroutine user_command USING v_ucomm LIKE sy-ucomm v_selfield TYPE slis_selfield.
During the Call to the function module ‘REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY’, add another parameter I_CALLBACK_USER_COMMAND = USER_COMMAND'.
IBM Global Services
© 2005 IBM Corporation48 March-2005Overview of ABAP List Viewer (ALV) | 5.01
Simple Program Walkthrough : Make some fields Editable
Make the field ‘PRICE’ editable by updating the field catalog.
wa_fcat-col_pos = '4'.
wa_fcat-fieldname = 'PRICE'.
wa_fcat-edit = 'X'.
append wa_fcat to i_fcat.
clear wa_fcat.
To make PRICE field editable
IBM Global Services
© 2005 IBM Corporation49 March-2005Overview of ABAP List Viewer (ALV) | 5.01
Result : Field Editable
IBM Global Services
© 2005 IBM Corporation50 March-2005Overview of ABAP List Viewer (ALV) | 5.01
Demonstration
Creating a simple ALV report by making one of its column editable, using the function module REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY.
IBM Global Services
© 2005 IBM Corporation51 March-2005Overview of ABAP List Viewer (ALV) | 5.01
Practice
Creating a simple ALV report by making one of its column editable, using the function module REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY.
IBM Global Services
© 2005 IBM Corporation52 March-2005Overview of ABAP List Viewer (ALV) | 5.01
Summary
ABAP List Viewer (ALV) is a simple, user friendly and better looking reporting tool as compared to the usage of write statements in a conventional / interactive report.
ALV report has several inbuilt User Friendly properties as:Filtering / Sorting
Layout Change / Save
Summation, Download to excel, E-Mail
Data can be open for input / change etc.
The main ALV Function Modules are:REUSE_ALV_LIST_DISPLAY
REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY
REUSE_ALV_FIELDCATALOG_MERGE
Status STANDARD of the main program SAPLKKBL is copied and then changed to create a new customized GUI status for any ALV report.
IBM Global Services
© 2005 IBM Corporation53 March-2005Overview of ABAP List Viewer (ALV) | 5.01
Questions
What is ALV ?
What are the main differences between an ALV report and a classical report?
What are the main function modules used to create an ALV List?
What are the main differences between ALV list and ALV grid?
What are the different ways to populate the FIELD CATALOG table?
How can we change the default status bar of an ALV List?
How can we handle custom function code in ALV ?
How can we make a certain columns of an ALV list editable?