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Chapter 1 Understanding Computers, 12th Edition 1

Computers in Your Life

• Why learn about computers?

!er"asi"e computing

• #lso $no%n as ubi&uitous computing

• Computers ha"e become an integral part of ourli"es

'asic computer literacy

• (no%ing about and understanding computersand their uses is an essential s$ill today fore"eryone

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Computers in Your Life

• 'efore 1)*+

Computers %ere large, epensi"e

-ery fe% people had access to them

Computers %ere mostly used for high."olumeprocessing tas$s

• /icrocomputers in the early *+s

0nepensi"e personal computers

Computer use increased dramatically

• oday /ore than +3 of U4 households include a

computer, and most use computers at %or$

Electronic de"ices are con"erging into single units%ith multiple capabilities

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Computers in the 6ome

• Computers used for a "ariety of tas$s7

Loo$ing up information and ne%s

Echange e.mail

4hopping and paying bills

8o%nloading music and mo"ies

9rgani:ing digital photographs

!laying games

elecommuting

• Con"ergence he computer has become the central part of

home entertainment

8ual.mode mobile phones

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Chapter 1 Understanding Computers, 12th Edition ;

Computers in the 6ome

• Wireless net%or$ing

Computers can be used in nearly any location

• 4mart appliances

raditional appliances %ith built.in computer or

communication technology

• 4mart homes

6ousehold tas$s are monitored and controlled bya main computer in the house

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Chapter 1 Understanding Computers, 12th Edition <

Computers in Education

• (.12 schools no% use the computer as an o"erall

student.based learning tool• Colleges and uni"ersities are e"en more integrated

Classrooms, computer labs, dorms, libraries

Wireless hotspots and 0nternet assignments

• eachers

!repare handouts, eams, and classpresentations

/aintain course Web pages

• 8istance learning

4tudents participate from locations other than thetraditional classroom setting using computers and0nternet access

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Chapter 1 Understanding Computers, 12th Edition

Computers in the Wor$place

• Computers ha"e become a uni"ersal on.the.=ob tool

for decision.ma$ing, producti"ity, and communication Used by all types of employees

Used for access control and other security

measures

Use by ser"ice professionals is gro%ing

Used etensi"ely by the military

Employees in all lines of %or$ need to continually

refresh their computer s$ills

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Computers on the o

• Computers are encountered in nearly e"ery aspect of

daily life !ortable !Cs and handheld computers

Wi.@i hotspots and 0nternet cafes

#/ machines and retail stores

4elf.chec$out systems and consumer $ios$s

/.commerce systems

!4 systems

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What 0s a Computer and What 8oes 0t

8o?• Computer7 # programmable, electronic de"ice that accepts

data, performs operations on that data, and stores the dataor results as needed

Computers follo% instructions, called programs, %hichdetermine the tas$s the computer %ill perform

• 'asic operations

0nput7 Entering data into the computer !rocessing7 !erforming operations on the data

9utput7 !resenting the results

4torage7 4a"ing data, programs, or output for future use

Communications7 4ending or recei"ing data

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What 0s a Computer and What 8oes 0t

8o?

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8ata "sA 0nformation

• 8ata

Ba%, unorgani:ed facts

Can be in the form of tet, graphics, audio, or"ideo

• 0nformation

8ata that has been processed into a meaningfulform

• 0nformation processing

Con"erting data into information

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Computers hen and o%

• he computer as %e $no% it is a fairly recent

in"ention• he history of computers is often referred to in terms

of generations

• Each ne% generation is characteri:ed by a ma=or

technological de"elopment

• !recomputers and early computers Dbefore 1);

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Computers hen and o%• @irst.generation computers D1);.1)

Enormous and po%ered by "acuum tubes Used a great deal of electricity, and generated a

lot of heat

E0#C and U0-#C

• 4econd.generation computers D1)

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• hird.generation computers D1);.1)>+

Used integrated circuits D0Cs (eyboards and monitors introduced

• @ourth.generation computers D1)>1.present

Use microprocessors

0'/ !C, #pple /acintosh

Use $eyboards, mice, monitors, and printers

Use magnetic dis$s, flash memory, and opticaldis$s for storage

Computer net%or$s, %ireless technologies,0nternet introduced

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• @ifth.generation Dno% and the future

0nfancy stage

o precise classification

/ay be based on artificial intelligence D#0

Li$ely use "oice input

/ay be based on optical computers and utili:enanotechnology

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6ard%are

• 6ard%are7 he physical parts of a computer

0nternal hard%are• Located inside the main bo Dsystem unit of

the computer

Eternal hard%are

• Located outside the system unit and plug intoports located on the eterior of the system unit

6ard%are associated %ith all fi"e computeroperations

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6ard%are

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6ard%are

• 0nput de"ices

Used to input data into the computer

(eyboards, mice, scanners, cameras,microphones, =oystic$s, etcA

• !rocessing de"ices

!erform calculations and control computerFsoperation

Central processing unit DC!U and memory

• 9utput de"ices

!resent results to the user

/onitors, printers, spea$ers, pro=ectors, etcA

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6ard%are

• 4torage de"ices

Used to store data on or access data from storagemedia

6ard dri"es, 8-8 dis$s and dri"es, U4' flash

dri"es, etcA

• Communications de"ices #llo% users to communicate %ith others and to

electronically access information

/odems, net%or$ adapters, etcA

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6ard%are

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4oft%are

• 4oft%are7 he programs or instructions used to tell

the computer hard%are %hat to do 4ystem soft%are7 9perating system allo%s a

computer to operate

• 'oots the computer and launches programs at

the userFs direction• /ost use a U0 to interact %ith the user "ia

%indo%s, icons, menus, buttons, etcA

• Windo%s, /ac 94, Linu, etcA

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4oft%are

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#pplication 4oft%are #pplication soft%are7 !erforms specific tas$s or

applications• Creating letters, budgets, etcA

• /anaging in"entory and customer databases

• Editing photographs

• 4cheduling appointments

• -ie%ing Web pages

• 4ending and recei"ing e.mail

• Becording G playing C8s

• 8esigning homes

• !laying games

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Chapter 1 Understanding Computers, 12th Edition 2;

#pplication 4oft%are

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Chapter 1 Understanding Computers, 12th Edition 2<

Computer Users and !rofessionals

• Computer users Dend users

!eople %ho use a computer to obtain information

• Computer professionals include7

!rogrammers

4ystems analysts

Computer operations personnel

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Computers to @it E"ery eed

• 4i basic categories of computers

Embedded computers

/obile de"ices

!ersonal computers

/idrange ser"ers

/ainframe computers

4upercomputers

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Chapter 1 Understanding Computers, 12th Edition 2>

Embedded Computers• Embedded computer7 Embedded into a product and

designed to perform specific tas$s or functions forthat product

• Cannot be used as general.purpose computers

• 9ften embedded into7

6ousehold appliances

hermostats

4e%ing machines

#G- e&uipment

Cars

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Chapter 1 Understanding Computers, 12th Edition 2*

/obile 8e"ices• /obile de"ice7 # "ery small de"ice %ith

some type of built.in computing or0nternet capability

• ypically based on cellular phones

• Eamples7

4mart phones 4mart %atches

6andheld gaming de"ices

!ortable digital media players

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Chapter 1 Understanding Computers, 12th Edition 2)

!ersonal ComputersG8es$top !Cs

• !ersonal computer7 a computer system designed to

be used by one person at a time #lso called a microcomputer Can be des$top or portable computers

• 8es$top !Cs7 fit on or net to a des$

Can use to%er case, des$top case, or all.in.one Can be !C.compatible or /acintosh ot designed to be portable

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Chapter 1 Understanding Computers, 12th Edition 5+

!ortable !Cs

• oteboo$ Dlaptop computers

ypically use clamshell design• ablet !Cs

Can be slate

tablets or

con"ertible

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!ortable !Cs

• 6andheld computers

4i:e of a paperbac$ boo$ or poc$et calculator 4ome include phone capabilities

Ultra /obile !ersonal Computer DU/!C7 @ully.functioning handheld

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!ortable !Cs

• /ost include %ireless net%or$ing capabilities

• Can synch Dshare information %ith a des$topcomputer as needed

• Can use a doc$ing station or noteboo$ stand asneeded

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Chapter 1 Understanding Computers, 12th Edition 5;

hin Clients and 0nternet #ppliances

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Chapter 1 Understanding Computers, 12th Edition 5<

/idrange 4er"ers

• /idrange ser"er : # medium.si:ed computer used

to host programs and data for a small net%or$ Users connect "ia a net%or$ %ith a computer,

thin client, or dumb terminal

/ay consist of a collection of indi"idual circuit

boards called blades Dblade ser"ers

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/ainframe Computers• /ainframe computer7 !o%erful computer used by se"eral

large organi:ations to manage large amounts of centrali:eddata

4tandard choice for large organi:ations, hospitals,uni"ersities, large businesses, ban$s, go"ernment offices

Located in climate.controlled data centers andconnected to the rest of the company computers "ia anet%or$

Larger, more epensi"e, and more po%erful thanmidrange ser"ers

Usually operate 2; hours a day

#lso called high.end ser"ers or enterprise.class ser"ers

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Chapter 1 Understanding Computers, 12th Edition 5>

/ainframe Computers

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Chapter 1 Understanding Computers, 12th Edition 5*

4upercomputers

• 4upercomputer7 @astest, most epensi"e, most po%erful

type of computer enerally run one program at a time, as fast as possible Commonly built by connecting hundreds of smaller

computers, supercomputing cluster Used for space eploration, missile guidance, satellites,

%eather forecast, oil eploration, scientific research,comple Web sites, decision support systems, 58applications, etcA

• rid computing7 Using the unused processing po%er of alarge number of computers to %or$ together on a singletas$

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Chapter 1 Understanding Computers, 12th Edition 5)

4upercomputers

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Chapter 1 Understanding Computers, 12th Edition ;+

Computer et%or$s and the 0nternet

• Computer net%or$7 # collection of hard%are and other de"icesthat are connected togetherA

Users can share hard%are, soft%are, and data

Users can communicate %ith each other

• et%or$ ser"ers7 /anage resources on a net%or$

• Clients7 #ccess resources through the net%or$ ser"er

• Computer net%or$s eist in many si:es and types

6ome net%or$s

4chool and small business net%or$s

Large corporate

!ublic %ireless net%or$s he 0nternet

C t t $ d th 0 t t

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Chapter 1 Understanding Computers, 12th Edition ;1

Computer et%or$s and the 0nternet

What #re the 0nternet and the

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What #re the 0nternet and theWorld Wide Web?

• 0nternet7 he largest and most %ell.$no%n computer

net%or$ in the %orld• 0ndi"iduals connect to the 0nternet using an 0nternet

ser"ice pro"ider D04!

• World Wide Web7 9ne resource Da "ast collection ofWeb pages a"ailable through the 0nternet

Web sites contain Web pages stored on Web ser"ers

Web pages "ie%ed using a Web bro%ser D0nternetEplorer, 4afari, @irefo, 9pera, etcA

• # %ide "ariety of information is a"ailable through the

Web


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World Wide Web?

# i t $ th 0 t t

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Chapter 1 Understanding Computers, 12th Edition ;;

#ccessing a et%or$ or the 0nternet

• eed a modem or net%or$ adapter • 4ome net%or$s re&uire a username and pass%ord

• 0nternet connections can be7 8irect Dal%ays.on connections 8ial.up connections

• 0nternet addresses are used to access resources on the 0nternet

0! address7 umeric address that identifies computers

D2+>A;A15*A2+ 8omain name7 et.based address that identifies computers

DmicrosoftAcom

Uniform resource locator DUBL7 0dentifies Web pagesDhttp7GG%%%Apbs$idsAorg

E.mail address7 0dentifies people for e.mail echangeD=smithHcengageAcom

0! #ddresses and 8omain ames

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Chapter 1 Understanding Computers, 12th Edition ;<

0! #ddresses and 8omain ames

• 0! addresses are numeric and uni&ue

• 8omain ames7 Correspond to 0! addresses op.le"el domains DL8s

identifies type of organi:ation

or its location

Uniform Besource Locators DUBLs

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Chapter 1 Understanding Computers, 12th Edition ;


• UBL7 Uni&uely identifies a Web page

• Consists of7 0nformation identifying the Web ser"er

ames of folders in %hich the Web page files are

stored

Web pageFs filename

• !rotocols7

6ypertet ransfer !rotocol Dhttp is typically used todisplay Web pages Dhttps is used for secure Web pages

@ile ransfer !rotocol Dftp is often used for file

echange


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Chapter 1 Understanding Computers, 12th Edition ;>


E / il #dd

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Chapter 1 Understanding Computers, 12th Edition ;*

E./ail #ddresses

• E.mail addresses consist of7

Username7 # personsF identifying name for aparticular domain

he H symbol

8omain name for the computer that %ill be

handling the personFs e.mail Dmail ser"er

• !ronouncing 0nternet addresses

4 fi th W b

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Chapter 1 Understanding Computers, 12th Edition ;)

4urfing the Web

• Web bro%ser7 Used to display Web pages

• 'ro%ser home page7 he first page displayed %henthe bro%ser is opened

• o load a Web page, you can7

ype a UBL in the #ddress bar

Clic$ a hyperlin$ on a displayed Web page 4elect a @a"oriteG'oo$mar$ or page from the

6istory list

4 fi th W b

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4ummary

• Computers in Your Life

• What 0s a Computer and What 8oes 0t 8o• Computers to @it E"ery eed

• Computer et%or$s and the 0nternet

• Computers and 4ociety

Documents

Chapter 01 m