Chapter 01 - Industrial Hygiene

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Industrial Hygiene


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Outline

Definition & Introduction to Industrialhygiene

Industrial hygienists & Role

OSHA

Chemical hygiene plan

Management & control of hazard


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Introduction

IH is the science of anticipating,recognizing, evaluating and controllingworkplace conditions that may cause

workers injury or illness.


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The occupational Health & Safetyteam

1. Management committee

2. Industrial hygienist

3. Safety professional4. Occupational health nurse

5. Occupational medicine physician

6. Employees7. Safety & health committee


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Definition & scope of IH

Stress in & from workplace may cause Sickness or injury

Impaired health & well-being

Significant discomfort/inefficiency among workers &community members

Industrial hygiene is the art devoted to: Anticipation: expectation of hazard existence

Recognition: presence of workplace exposure Evaluation: magnitude of exposure

Control: reduction to acceptable level


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Major functions of IH: Anticipation

Design of process,equipment

Future legislation/regulations

Research


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Major functions of IH:Recognition

Understand the industrial process-materials used,processes involved (set up,manufacturing, cleanup,maintenance)

Record of accidents and diseases

Walk around- senses, talk to workers etc. Take samples

Frequent major stresses Chemical:liquids,dusts,vapors,gases

Physical: noise,radiation,thermal Biological: Molds,fungi, infectious agents

Ergonomic: Biomechanics, work analysis

Safety hazards:falls, trips, fires


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Major functions of IH:evaluation

Toxicity of substance

Concentration in the breathing zone

Manner of use

Length of time of the exposure

Controls already in place & their effectiveness

Any special susceptibilities of the employees

Sampling


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Major functions of IH: Control

Isolation of process or operation

Substitution of less toxic materials

Alter process to reduce human contact

Ventilate to dilute/remove toxics

Reduce radiant energy:chemical,shielding,distance,

Use wet methods to reduce dust

Good housekeeping:clean workplace,proper wastedisposal, adequate hygiene facilities, drinking water,eatingfacilities

Personal protective equipment (PPE)


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Industrial hygienist

Those who are trained in engineering,physics chemistry, environmentalscience, safety & biology through

education & experience. Functions in examine & analyze health

hazards & diseases in the workenvironment to keep employees safe &healthy from potential hazardousmaterials or situations


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Role of an industrial hygienist

Direct the industrial hygiene program

Examine the work environment

Study work operations & processes

Obtain full details for:

Nature of work

Materials & equipment used

Products & byproducts No. & gender of employees

Working hours


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Role of an industrial hygienistcont

Make specific decisions to the need for, oreffectiveness of control measures. Whennecessary, advice the suitable & effectiveprocedures for both environment & environs

Prepare rules, regulations, SOP for thehealthful conduct of work

Present expert testimony before courts of

law,hearing boards, workmens compensationcommissions, regulatory bodies covering allmatters pertaining to industrial hygiene


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Prepare appropriate text for labels &precautionary information for materials &products to be used by workers & the public

Conduct programs for the education of

workers & the public in the prevention ofoccupational disease & community nuisance.

Conduct epidemiological studies amongworkers and industries to discover possibilities

of the presence of occupational diseases;establish or improve threshold limit values orstandards as guides for maintenance of health& efficiency


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Conduct research to advance knowledgeconcerning the effects of occupationupon health; and means of preventing

occupational health impairment,community air pollution, noise, nuisance& related problems


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Benefit of IH program

Improve health & hygiene

Reduce compensation

Improve job satisfaction Reduce absenteeism

Improve productivity

Improve workers attitude towardsmanagement


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Federal regulations

Purpose: to ensure so far as possible thatevery working man & woman in the nation safe& in healthful working conditions; & topreserve our human resources

Employer duties: Furnish to each employee a place of employment,

free from recognized hazards that are causing orare more likely to cause death or serious harm to

their employees Comply with occupational safety & health standards

un


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Occupational health relatedorganization in Malaysia

Department of Occupational Safety and Health(DOSH)

National Institute of Occupational Safety and

Health (NIOSH) Malaysian Society for Occupational Safety and

Health (MSOSH)

Work & Environmental Health unit, IMR KKM Social Security Organization (SOCSO)


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Role of Occupational safety & healthadministration (OSHA)

Encourage employers and employees toreduce workplace hazards

Implement new or improve existing safety &health standards

Provide for research in occupational safety &health; develop innovative ways of dealingwith occupational safety & health problems

Establish separate but dependant

responsibilities & rights for employers andemployees for the achievement of bettersafety & health conditions


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Cont

Maintain a reporting and recordkeepingsystem to monitor job-related injuriesand illnesses

Establish training programs to increasethe number and competence ofoccupational safety & health personnel

Develop mandatory job safety & healthstandards & enforce them effectively


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Exposure guidelines & standards

Time Weighted Average (TWA)

Threshold Limit Values (TLV)

Permissible exposure limits (PEL) The concentration of a substance in which

nearly all workers may be exposed daily fora working lifetime without adverse effects.

Based upon best available information from

Industrial experience

Experimental human studies


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Skin notation

Refers to the potential contribution to theoverall exposure by the cutaneous routeincluding mucous membranes & eyes,

either by airborne or more particularly bydirect contact with the substance


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CHEMICAL HYGIENE PLAN

Purpose: to describe the proper use andhandling practices and procedures to befollowed by employees, students, visitors &other personnel working in each laboratory toprotect them from potential health & physicalhazards presented by chemicals used in theworkplace, and to keep chemical exposurebelow specified limits

Contains the minimum required precautions &standard operating procedures for workingwith laboratory chemicals in any laboratories.


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CHP: general roles

Awareness

The chemical hazard, as determined from the bottlelabel

Safeguards for using that chemical

Location & proper use of emergency equipment How & where to properly store the chemical

Proper hygiene practices

Proper methods of transporting chemicals within

the facility Appropriate procedures for emergencies including

evacuation routes, spill up clean up procedures &proper waste disposal


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CHP:General practices

Order the correct amount of a chemical

Wear the appropriate PPE

Weigh or measure hazardous chemicalsin the chemical fume hood

Clearly label all secondary container &store in a ventilated storage cabinet


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CHP:General practicescont.

Procedures, which may generateaerosols or vapour, must be conductedin the chemical fume hood

Collect hazardous waste in a labeledcontainer and call the responsible personfor removal

Wash hands after chemical use whenleave lab


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Cont

Review procedures with the supervisorwhenever there are any changes inoperation or results

Wash work surface after each use

Be aware of the safety hazards of thechemicals in your workplace. Know the

proper emergency procedure.


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Control of hazards

Management commitment is the mostimportant component of a health & safetyprogram

Present ideas to management inbusiness terms

Present ideas to workers in language

they can understand


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Control of hazards

Industrial hygienists should keepconfidential personal & businessinformation obtained during the exercise

of the IH activities, except when requiredby law or overriding health & safetyconsiderations


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Hierarchy of control

Control of the source:chemicalsubstitution,redesign process,isolateprocess,enclose process

Control of the path: local exhaust ventilation,general ventilation,housekeeping,workmethods

Control the exposure to the worker: respirators& other PPE, administrative control,enclosethe worker, hygiene facilities & practices

Hi h f l


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Hierarchy of control(another approach)

Engineering: equipment design,ventilation

Administrative controls:substitution,SOP,scheduling

Personal protective equipment


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Regulation & recommendation for PPE

OSHA issues workplace health & safetyregulation.

Employer must:

Provide appropriate PPE for employees

Ensure that PPE is disposed orreusable,cleaned,laundered,repaired and

stored after use.

T f PPE d i h lth


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Types of PPE used in healthcaresettings

Gloves-protects hands Lab coat- minimal skin protection against

minor splashes Masks & respirators-protect mouth/nose Respirators- protect respiratory tract from

airborne infectious agents Goggles- protect eyes Face shield-protect face,mouth, nose,eyes Street clothing eg. Long sleeved shirts, pants

& closed shoes

Documents

Chapter 01 - Industrial Hygiene