CHAPTER 10:THE KINGDOM OF

KUSH

KINGDOM OF KUSHCivilization thrived from 2000 B.C.E – 350 C.E.History of long ties to EgyptPaintings of pictures in tombs prove their link Famous pictures of Hatshepsut: first female pharaoh of Egypt

EGYPT AND KUSHHad a complicated relationship

Both influenced each otherKush also named “Nubia”- Egyptian word nub

THE EGYPTIANIZATION OF KUSH

Besides Egypt, greatest African civilizationSurrounded the Nile river and had rich gold minesKush had prime location and resourcesLinked Egypt to central & southern Africa

EGYPTIANIZATION CONT.Egyptians traded- grain, beer,

& linen for Kush’s gold, ivory, leather, & timber, bought slavesEgypt often raided Kush gaining territoryNew Kingdom Period- 1600- 1100 B.C.E. Egypt Conquered Kush- had to give them gifts

EGYPTIANIZATION CONT.Pharaoh appointed

governor to make sure gifts were givenGold, cattle, ivory, ebony, ostrich feathers, and slavesKushites had to speak & write in EgyptianHad to worship Egyptian gods and wear their clothing

HOW WOULD THIS MAKE YOU FEEL?

What if you had no freedom to choose your clothing, religion, or language?Would this bother you?

EGYPTIANIZATION CONT.Kush’s famed

“archers” hired to fight in Egyptian ArmyPrinces from Kush, sent to Egypt to be educated1100 B.C.E. New Kingdom collapsedKush gained independence but Egyptian culture still thrived

KINGDOM OF KUSHEgypt fell into political chaosAbout 10 Egyptian Kingdoms fought each other for power, became weakMid 700’s Kush invaded EgyptEgyptian Kings surrender to Kush King, Piye

KING PIYE“Uniter of two lands”Kush extended 1,500 milesBecame the 25th dynasty -Family or group that rules for several yearsWanted to revive Egypt’s past glory

ASSYRIANS TAKE OVER

By 650’s B.C.E. all Kush Kings returned to Kush

Tried to fight off Assyrians for many years but failed

Advanced iron weapons

EGYPT & KUSH…AGAIN!Egypt invades

and destroys Kush’s capital city: NapataKush changed capital to Meroe, 300 miles south of NaptaMeroe boosted already good trade for Kush

MEROE & IRONGreat, large, wealthy cityRich in iron depositsPlenty of forests, needed wood to make coalCharcoal used to heat the iron depositsSpears, arrows, swords, and axes for farming

KUSH RETURNS TO AFRICAN ROOTS

Artwork, clothing, building no longer looked EgyptianWorshiped African-lion godWrote & spoke in native language: MeroiticArtisans made pottery, cloth, gold and silver jewelry

AFRICAN ROOTS Revived African practice of female leadershipKandakes- powerful female ruler, co ruled with son or husbandVery famous Queen Amanirenas- fought of RomeAfter 3 years, signed a Peace Treaty

KUSH FALLSAfter defeating Rome, Kush thrived for about 400 more years

Around 350 C.E. Kush fell to Ethiopia

LOOK HOW MUCH YOU’VE JUST

LEARNED!