Chap 4Tissue: Living Fabric

Learning Objectives:1. Describe the 4 main tissue types. List several structural

and functional characteristics of each.2. Name, classify, and describe the various types of

epithelial (including chief functions and locations), connective, nervous, and muscle tissue.

3. Define gland. Differentiate between exocrine and endocrine glands.

Read Chapter 4. Study the different photos of tissue throughout the chapter noting their characteristics, functions, and locations.

Problem: Torn Knee Cartilage

Arthroscopic Knee Surgery Video: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/arthroscopic-knee-surgery/MM00006

Discussion

What is tissue?

Discussion

Is skin considered tissue?

PREDICTWhich of these are examples of tissue?

a. muscle

b. nerve

c. connective

d. skin

e. All the above

4 Main Tissue Types

• _________ (covering)

• _________ (support)

• _________ (movement)

• _________ (control)

What is Epithelial? Epithelial - sheet of ____ that covers a body surface or lines

a body cavity (examples: outer layer of skin, glands of the bodies, lining of body cavities)

Functions: protection, absorption, filtration, excretion, secretion, sensory reception

Characteristics: 1) _________ (an upper free surface exposed to the body exterior or the cavity of an internal organ, and a lower attached basal surface) 2) Most epithelial fits closely together to form continuous sheets 3) Supported by _________ tissue 4) _________ but innervated (Innervated means ____) 5) High regeneration

More About Epithelial

3 Basic types of epithelial:

1. ________ – flattened & scalelike

2. ________ – boxlike

3. ________ – tall & column-shaped

NOTE: Epithelial tissue usually grows in either a single layer (simple) or in two or more layers stacked one on top of another (stratified)

Practice: Getting To Know Your Basic Epithelial Tissues

Instructions:

1. Work individually on this exercise.

2. Using Chapter 4 pages 110 – 113 as a reference, quickly classify each tissue on the practice sheet as “simple” or “stratified”. Then, give it’s proper name, description, function, and location.

3. Estimated Time: 10 - 12 minutes

I. Simple EpithelialA. _______ ________ epithelial

Description: Single layer of flattened cells with disc-shaped central nuclei and sparseCytoplasm. __________ kind of epithelium.

Function: Allows passage of materials by diffusion and filtration where protection is not essential; secretes lubricating substance

Location: Kidney glomeruli, lung air sacs, heart linings, bloodVessels, lymph vessels, lining of ventral body cavity

I. Simple Epithelial continued

B. ______ _______ Epithelial

Description: _____ layer of cube-like cells with large, spherical central nuclei

Function: Secretion and absorption

Location: Kidney tubules, ducts and secretory portions of small glands, ovary surface

I. Simple Epithelial continuedC. _____ ________ EpitheliumDescription: Single layer of _____ cells;

sometimes have _______; may contain goblet cells ( mucous-secreting unicellular glands)

Function: absorption, secretion of mucous/ enzymes and other substances; ciliated type propels mucous or reproductive cells

Location: Non-ciliated kind - Digestive tract, gallbladder, excretory ducts of some glands. Ciliated kind – small bronchi, uterine tubes, some regions of the uterus

I. Simple Epithelial continuedD. _____________ Columnar

Epithelial

Description: single layers of _________ heights; some do not reach the free surface; nuclei present at different levels; may contain goblet cells with cilia

Function: secretion, propulsion

Location: Non-ciliated type – sperm-carrying ducts, ducts of large glands. Ciliated type – trachea, upper respiratory tract

cilia

Basement membrane

Connective tissue

II. Stratified EpithelialA. ________ Squamous

Epithelium

Description: Most ________ of the stratified epithelial; thick membrane with several layers

Function: Protection

Location: Non-keratinized type – moist linings of esophagus, mouth, and vagina. Keratinized type – epidermis

NOTE: There is a keratinized type (surface full of dead cells; rough due to protein content)

Basement membrane Connective tissue

B. Transitional Epithelial, pg 114

Description: Resembles stratified squamous and stratified cuboidal; has cuboidal or columnar basal cells; surface cells are are more squamous-like

Function: Stretches and contains

Location: bladder, ureters, and part of the urethra

II. Stratified Epithelial

Brainstorming

• Can you name some glands of the human body?

________ - consists of one or more cells that make and excrete a product. A gland is classified depending on where it excretes its product.

III. Glandular Epithelial

Glands are either: a) _________ - internally secreting; usually ‘ductless’; produce hormones. Examples: pancreas (secreting insulin), thyroid, etc.

b) ________ - externally secreting and numerous; secrete their products onto body surfaces (skin) or into body cavities. Examples: mucous, sweat, oil, salivary, liver (secretes bile), pancreas (secreting digestive enzymes)

Quick Review Epithelial Tissue1. What are the 3 basic types of epithelial

tissue?

2. What two ways does epithelial tissue (in general) typically grow?

3. What are the two main types of glands and the difference between them?

• Found everywhere in the body (most abundant of the 4 tissue types)

• 4 main classes of connective tissue:

a)

b)

c)

d)

2nd Main Type of Tissue: Connective Tissue

Characteristics of Connective Tissue a) common origin (all arise from embryonic tissue)

b) either ________ or _________

c) has a ______ amount of “extracellular matrix” (interstitial fluid, proteins, fibers, and cells)

NOTE: Fibers are either collagen (a fibrous protein), elastic or reticular (short/fine and branching)

Areolar Connective Tissue

Adipose Connective Tissue continued

3rd Main Tissue Type - Nervous

• Nerve cells (neurons)

• Make up brain, spinal cord, and nerves

4th Main Type Of Tissue – Muscle (3 Types)

Chapter Review

3. What are the 3 types of muscle tissue and where are they found?

2. What are the 4 main classes of connective tissue?

1. What are the 4 main tissue types?

4. State 3 characteristics of epithelial tissue.

5. State 2 characteristics of connective tissue.