Chap 10 - MusclesLearning Objectives:1. List the criteria for naming muscles.2. Name the common muscle fascicle

arrangements.3. Define lever, load, and fulcrum. Explain how

these apply to muscles.4. Name and identify the major muscles

identified in class.

Read pgs 285 – 293. Learn anterior and posterior muscles (from memory).

PREDICT

• Can you guess how many muscles there are in the human body?

Tips on Naming Skeletal Muscles• _________ of muscle – bone or body region associated

with the muscle• _______ of muscle – e.g., the deltoid muscle (deltoid =

triangle) • Relative _____ – e.g., maximus (largest), minimus

(smallest), longus (long)• Direction of ______ – e.g., rectus (fibers run straight),

transversus, and oblique (fibers run at angles to an imaginary defined axis)

• Number of _______ – e.g., biceps (two origins) and triceps (three origins)

• Location of ____________ – named according to point of origin or insertion

• ______ – e.g., flexor or extensor, as in the names of muscles that flex or extend, respectively

Warm-Up Practice: Muscle Arrangements

Muscles consist of fascicles which vary in shape and function.

Goal: In this self-practice, you will observe muscle arrangements & learn their shapes.

Estimated Time = 8 - 10 minutes

Fascicle Arrangements

Parallel – fascicles run parallel to the long axis of the muscle (e.g., sartorius)Fusiform – spindle-shaped muscles (e.g., biceps brachii)Pennate – short fascicles that attach obliquely to a central tendon running the length of the muscle (e.g., rectus femoris)Convergent – fascicles converge from a broad origin to a single tendon insertion (e.g., pectoralis major)Circular – fascicles are arranged in concentric rings (e.g., orbicularis oris)

Muscles as Lever Systems• _______ – a rigid bar that moves on a

fulcrum, or _____ point

• ______ – force applied to a lever

• _____ – resistance moved by the effort

Think-Pair-Share

The elbow is a lever system. Where is the load, effort, and fulcrum located?

Instructions: Quickly pair with a partner. Discuss the question below (1- 2 minutes), Be prepared to share your answer.

Load

Fulcrum

Effort

• Which 2 muscles are used to flex the elbow?

Muscles – Anterior Upper Bodyepicranius

orbicularis oculi

zygomaticus

orbicularis oris

temporalis

masseter

sternohyoid

sternocleidomastoid

platysma

trapezius

deltoid

pectoralis major

Triceps brachii

Biceps brachii

brachialisbrachioradialis

Pronator teresFlexor carpi radialis

Palmaris longus

Pectoralis minor

Serratus anteriorintercostals

Rectus abdominus

External oblique

Internal oblique

Transversus abdominus

Muscles – Anterior Lower Bodyiliopsoas

pectineus

Rectus femoris

Vastus lateralis

Vastus medialis

Tensor fasciae latae

sartorius

Adductor longus

gracilis

gastrocnemius

soleusFibularis longus

Extensor digitorum longus

Tibialis anterior

Review

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Review

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Muscles – Posterior Upper Body

epicranius

sternocleidomastoid

trapezius

deltoid

infraspinatus

Teres major

Rhomboid major

Latissimus dorsi

Triceps brachii

brachialis

brachioradialus

Extensor carpi radialis longus

Extensor carpi ulnaris

Extensor digitorum Flexor carpi ulnaris

Muscles – Posterior Lower BodyGluteus medius

Gluteus maximusIliotibial tract

Adductor magnus

Hamstrings:

Biceps femoris

Semitendinosus

SemimembranosusGastrocnemius

soleus

Fibularis longus

Calcaneal (Achilles tendon)

Review

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Review

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Practice Activity: Reviewing the Superficial Muscles

Goal: (Putting It All Together)

CHALLENGE: Can you commit all the names of the muscles that we just discussed to memory BEFORE leaving class today?

* Use handout. See how many you can do WITHOUT looking at your book or notes FIRST.

NOTE: If you finish before others, please use the time to study & commit these to memory. You will need to know them for the next test.