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Chaos in the N* Chaos in the N* spectrumspectrumVladimir Pascalutsa
European Centre for Theoretical Studies (ECT*) , Trento, Italy
Supported by
Presented @ NSTAR 2007 Workshop ( Bonn, Germany, 5-7 Sep, 2007)
Sept 7, 2007 V. Pascalutsa "Chaos in the N* spectrum"
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Outline A brief intro into (quantum) chaos Stat. analysis of empirical (PDG) N* spectrum VP, EPJA 16 (2003)
Stat. analysis of theoretical (quark-model) spectra Fernandez-Ramirez & Relano, PRL 98 (2007)
Cross-checks, statistical significance Nammey, Muenzel & VP, in preparation
Sept 7, 2007 V. Pascalutsa "Chaos in the N* spectrum"
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Chaos cha·os [from Latin, from Greek khaos.] n.1. A condition or place of great disorder or confusion.2. A disorderly mass; a jumble: The desk was a chaos of papers and unopened letters.3. often Chaos The disordered state of unformed matter and infinite space supposed in some cosmogonic views to have existed before the ordered universe: In the beginning there was Chaos… (Genesis)4. Mathematics A dynamical system that has a sensitive dependence on its initial conditions.
www.thefreedictionary.com
Sept 7, 2007 V. Pascalutsa "Chaos in the N* spectrum"
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Classical chaos
in dynamical systems (described by Hamiltonians):
fully chaotic (ergodic) dynamics leads to
homogeneous phase space
Example: kicked top
Other examples: double pendulum,stadium billiard
Sept 7, 2007 V. Pascalutsa "Chaos in the N* spectrum"
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Define ‘quantum chaos’
“How does chaos lurks into a quantum system?..”
(A. Einstein, 1917) Phase space? No, Heisenberg uncertainty… Sensitive initial conditions? No,
Shroedinger equation is linear, simple time evolution
Spectroscopy? Yes, the spectra of classically
chaotic systems have universal properties
Bohigas, Giannoni & Schmit, PRL 52 (1984) – BGS conjecture
There are other definitions …
Sept 7, 2007 V. Pascalutsa "Chaos in the N* spectrum"
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Quantum billiards (circular vs hart-shaped)
Nearest-neighbor spacing distribution (NNSD)
– Regular– Chaotic
Sept 7, 2007 V. Pascalutsa "Chaos in the N* spectrum"
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Connection to Random Matrix Theory E. Wigner reproduced gross features of complicated (neutron-
resonance) spectra by an ensemble of random Hamiltonians,
i.e., eigenvalues of matrices filled with normally distributes random numbers.
The NNSD of eigenvalues of a random matrix approximately described by the Wigner distribution
Another interesting math that leads to the Wigner distribution,
zeros of the zeta function (Riemann, 1859):NNSD
Sept 7, 2007 V. Pascalutsa "Chaos in the N* spectrum"
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Hadron spectrum (PDG 2002)< 2.5 GeV
What about thestatistical properties?NNSD?
Sept 7, 2007 V. Pascalutsa "Chaos in the N* spectrum"
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Level Density
Mean level density = inverse mean spacing:
mean spacing:
spacing:
Consider spectrum , N+1 levels
Because the NNSDs are normalized to unit mean spacing, one needs to makesure that mean spacing is constant over the entire spectrum
Sept 7, 2007 V. Pascalutsa "Chaos in the N* spectrum"
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NNSD 1. no distinction on quantum numbers
2. yes distinction on quantum numbers
Sept 7, 2007 V. Pascalutsa "Chaos in the N* spectrum"
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Conclusion no. 1
The NNSD of experimental (low-lying) hadron spectrum is of the Wigner type (GOE class)
According to the BGS conjecture, this is a signature of chaotic dynamics
What about the quark models?
Sept 7, 2007 V. Pascalutsa "Chaos in the N* spectrum"
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NNSD of quark models (baryons only) C. Fernandez-Ramirez & A. Relano, PRL 98 (2007).
Capstick–Isgurmodel
Exp.
Bonn (L1)
Bonn (L2)
Loring, Metsch,et al.
Sept 7, 2007 V. Pascalutsa "Chaos in the N* spectrum"
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‘C1’ set‘L1’ set‘L2’ set
Quark Model Reanalysis
N.N.S. Distribution:(Nammey & Muenzel, 2007)
Sept 7, 2007 V. Pascalutsa "Chaos in the N* spectrum"
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C1
L1 L2
Quark Model ReanalysisN.N.S. Distribution:
Sept 7, 2007 V. Pascalutsa "Chaos in the N* spectrum"
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‘C1’ set‘L1’ set‘L2’ set
Quark Model ReanalysisMoment Distribution:
Sept 7, 2007 V. Pascalutsa "Chaos in the N* spectrum"
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C1
L1 L2
Quark Model ReanalysisMoment Distribution:
Sept 7, 2007 V. Pascalutsa "Chaos in the N* spectrum"
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Conclusion no. 2
The NNSD of quark-model spectra follows Poisson distribution
According to BGS, a signature of regular dynamics
What else?
Sept 7, 2007 V. Pascalutsa "Chaos in the N* spectrum"
Statistical errors
0tfxxt1
2
5
10
25
14N t
N
4N N tN 1
N 2nd Moment of Wigner at Various N
Sept 7, 2007 V. Pascalutsa "Chaos in the N* spectrum"
2nd Moment of Poisson v. Wigner
0tfxxt
Crossover at N=63
N
Sept 7, 2007 V. Pascalutsa "Chaos in the N* spectrum"
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Conclusion
The NNSD of experimental (low-lying) hadron spectrum is of the Wigner type (GOE class) The NNSD of quark-model spectra follows
Poisson distribution Statistical significance of these results needs to be
studied further
Sept 7, 2007 V. Pascalutsa "Chaos in the N* spectrum"
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Outlook (speculations)
“Missing resonances”, will they be missed?
1. Removing states randomly from the quark-model spectra doesn’t help to reconcile the Wigner, no correlations are introduced (Bohigas & Plato, (2004), Fernandez-Ramirez & Relano (2007) ).
2. Sparsing the spectrum (removing a state if it’s too close to another one) helps – introduces correlation. Plausible, if experiment cannot resolute close states.
Regular vs. chaotic quark models?
why not a “stadium bag model” …