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Changing the World one Child at a Time: Developing the Self-regulated Learner

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Changing the World one Child at a Time: Developing the Self-regulated Learner by Lance King

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Page 1: Changing the World one Child at a Time: Developing the Self-regulated Learner
Page 2: Changing the World one Child at a Time: Developing the Self-regulated Learner

The POSBGIL Revolution

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www.taolearn.comAll slides ‐ www.taolearn.com/articles/article63.pdf

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“Teaching is the canny art of

intellectual temptation”

- Jerome Bruner

“Teaching involves putting children into

difficult situations out of which they can

only get by thinking”

– John Heron

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What are the characteristics of these children?

• curious

• interested

• adventurous

• courageous

• good skills

• good learners?

• self‐motivated

• self‐managed

• self‐directed

• self‐regulated

• autonomous

• independent

• lifelong learners?

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Are the children in your school like this?

• Why do you think it is that the longer children 

stay in school

‐ the less curious they are?

‐ the less questions they ask?

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The most motivating learning .....

..... is always self‐regulated

SRL – self‐regulated learning

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Some facts:

• 6 billion cell phones in the world

• 85% of new phones are web enabled

• 2 billion broadband subscriptions

• 255 million websites

• 150 million blogs

• 8 trillion text messages sent in 2011

• 107 trillion emails – 89% of which are spam

• Youtube – 48 hours uploaded every minute

– 3 billion videos viewed every day

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What if .....

• every piece of subject matter was available to your students on the internet, and

• they all had access to internet linked tablets, and

• they all had access to high speed broadband all day....

What would teaching look like then?

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DSRL ‐ POSBGIL

Developing Self‐Regulated Learners

through

Process Oriented

Skills Based

Guided Inquiry

Learning

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Factors making POSBIGIL possible:

• A focus on the teaching of ATL skills in the new MYP

• The proliferation of high quality school subject based websites

• The ubiquity of internet accessible devices

• The availability of high speed broadband

• The high level of comfort your students have with the digital world 

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The Digital World ‐ what is reality anyway?

• Hyper‐reality 1

• Hyper‐reality 2

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In an SRL classroom teachers would: 

• Teach learning skills not content 

• Pose questions, outline problems, set challenges, 

give clear measurable objectives

• Put students into small groups

• Enable them to connect to the best subject based 

internet resources

• Facilitate their journey

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In an SRL Classroom what would children need to be able to do?

• They would need to have all the skills of Self‐Regulated Learning – they would need excellent learning skills

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Including the skills of how to .....

• set learning goals

• plan out their study

• ask good questions

• generate motivation and perseverance  

• process information effectively – sift, sort, compare, verify, try out different ways to learn

• work to deadlines

• reflect on their achievement – both process and content

• make changes to their learning processes where necessary

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These are all skills – learning skills

• Do your students have all these skills?

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They know how to learn but do they know how to study?

• 73% of university students report difficulties preparing for an exam 

• most tertiary students have been found to have weak or ineffective strategies for processing information both in the classroom and in their own study

• when making notes from lectures or from text most students miss 60 ‐ 70% of the key points

‐ good note making is positively correlated with academic achievement

‐material omitted from notes has only a 5 ‐ 15% chance of being recalled 

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Even when they have good notes many students still have 

great difficulty organising the information they have 

collected.

• 52% admit that their notes are disorganised

• 61% report having trouble sequencing the ideas to make 

coherent sense

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Even given well organised, well structured notes with 

summaries provided:

• two thirds of students at the secondary level study for 

tests purely by rereading their notes 

• more than half of them do that reading the day before 

the test or exam

• around 12% of students do nothing more than recopy 

their notes verbatim

• 50% use passive repetition of key points as their single 

study technique.

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The direct teaching of learning skills is still an uncommon topic in most school programmes

• Only 20% of teachers believe that teaching students how 

to learn is a priority

• only 17% of students report that teachers actively help 

them learn or improve their ‘study skills’ 

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Learning Skills

Are a combination of

• cognitive

• metacognitive and 

• affective 

processes, skills, techniques and strategies

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Cognitive skills ‐ active information processing and retrieval strategies – ‘study skills’

• Organising, transforming and summarising information

• Using structural writing planners

• Timetabling and time management

• Note making – in class and for studying

• Memory techniques

• Idea generation, metaphorical thinking

• Questioning

• Calibrating own learning preferences

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Affective skills ‐ enabling the student to gain some control over mood, motivation and attitude

• Persistence and perseverance

• Focus and concentration, overcoming distractions

• Self‐motivation

• Mindfulness

• Reducing anxiety

• Delaying gratification

• Managing impulsiveness and anger

• Developing resilience 

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Metacognitive skills – monitoring the deployment of 

cognitive and affective skills

• Reflecting on the success of processes used, skills 

practiced and the understanding and retention of 

content

• Being prepared to change ineffective strategies, 

learn new skills 

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Learning Skills – in the UK

• 2007 DfE research ‐ Learning Skills And the Development 

of Learning Capability concluded:

“The results suggest that the development of learning skills 

and capabilities should be embedded in the curriculum, 

as well as being taught explicitly to pupils.”

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2008 QCA ‐ “A Framework of personal, learning and thinking 

skills that are essential to success in learning, life and work”:

• Independent enquirers

• Creative thinkers

• Reflective learners

• Team workers

• Self‐managers

• Effective participators

2011 ‐ QCA is disbanded and its functions absorbed by DfE

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1997 ‐ Singapore MOETeach Less Learn More

Remember Why We Teach –

more…• for the learner• to excite passion• for understanding• for the test of life

and less…• to rush through the syllabus• out of fear of failure• to dispense information only• for a life of tests

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Learning Skills ‐ in the USA

EIC ‐ Elementary Integrated Curriculum Framework  –core curriculum adopted by 47 states (2011)

Academic Success Skills:•Collaboration•Effort/Motivation/Persistence•Intellectual Risk Taking•Metacognition

Creative Thinking Skills:  •Elaboration•Flexibility•Fluency•Originality

Critical Thinking Skills:•Analysis•Evaluation•Synthesis

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NZ Curriculum – Five Key Competencies

• Thinking

• Using language, symbols and text

• Managing self

• Relating to others

• Participating and contributing

Poland, Belgium, Italy, Korea, Mexico, the Slovak Republic, 

Spain, and Turkey all have developed similar necessary 

learning skill sets for students

Page 35: Changing the World one Child at a Time: Developing the Self-regulated Learner

Learning Skills ‐ in the IBThe Learner Profile – all IB learners strive to be:

•Inquirers•Knowledgeable•Thinkers•Communicators

•Principled•Open‐minded

•Caring•Risk‐takers•Balanced•Reflective

Approaches To Learning ‐ 7 Learning Skill clusters(potential)

• Communication & 

Collaboration

• Self Management

• Information & Media 

Literacies

• Critical Thinking

• Creativity & Innovation

• Reflection

• Transfer

Page 36: Changing the World one Child at a Time: Developing the Self-regulated Learner

If the aim is to develop lifelong learners this can now be achieved by:

• Focusing on teaching ATL skills rather than subject content

• Allowing students to find the required subject content themselves using good quality internet resources

• Enabling self‐regulated learning to occur in the classroom

• Using self‐assessment of content, process and ATL skill development to develop full metacognitive awareness 

Page 37: Changing the World one Child at a Time: Developing the Self-regulated Learner

SRL Exercise 11) Divide into 4 subject groups

2) Form intra‐subject groups of 3 people per group with one internet connected device per group

3) Connect to www.taolearn.com/students.php

4) Find a link to a website in your subject that none of you are familiar with

5) Evaluate that site for:

• structure – how is the information presented?

• breadth – what range of topics are presented?

• depth – what levels of schooling are covered?

6) Move on to another site

7) Evaluate 3 new sites

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But of course:

• Students differ in the degree of self‐regulation 

they have the skills for

• Teachers differ in the degree of self‐regulation 

they allow in the classroom

Page 39: Changing the World one Child at a Time: Developing the Self-regulated Learner

Regulatory styles of Students

• High self‐regulation skills

‐ student manages all aspects of own learning

‐ student thinking at a maximum, teacher involvement at a minimum

• Intermediate self‐regulation skills

‐ student manages much of own learning, asks the teacher questions, gets help occasionally

‐ students thinking engaged,  teacher as guide and support

• Low self‐regulation skills

‐ student totally passive, needs to be ‘taught’ everything, have all questions answered, helped through every step of learning

‐ student thinking at a minimum, teacher totally involved in all phases of student learning 

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Regulatory styles of Teachers 

• Strong teacher regulation

‐ teacher controls all information, answers all questions

‐ student thinking at a minimum, teacher as mental crutch

• Shared regulation

‐ teacher provides skills training, problem statements, concepts

‐ students actively engage in finding information, solving problems

‐ students thinking engaged,  teacher as guide and support

• Loose teacher regulation

‐ teacher’s only functions are supplying the learning objectives and assessing their achievement

‐ student thinking at a maximum, teacher engagement at a minimum

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Degree of Stude

ntSelf‐regulation

Degree of Teacher Regulation of Learning

Strong Shared Loose

High Destructivefriction

Destructive friction Congruence

Intermediate Destructive friction

Congruence Constructive friction

Low Congruence  Constructivefriction

Destructive friction

Page 42: Changing the World one Child at a Time: Developing the Self-regulated Learner

Shared Style ‐ with provision 

1) Assess for ability to self‐regulate learning

2) Allow for 3 levels of self‐regulation in every class

3) Groups of 3‐4 with one computer + high speed internet

4) Work directly with the low SRL students teaching them 

the appropriate learning skills

5) Help the intermediate SRL students where required

6) Allow the high self‐regulated learners to work 

independently

7) Pose problems, set challenges, give measurable 

objectives, help them to ask the right questions

Page 43: Changing the World one Child at a Time: Developing the Self-regulated Learner

Must have provision for the highly self‐regulated learner at all levels – for all students to aspire to 

• What percentage of your lessons are available to 

students as well structured and supported, fully 

independent learning experiences?

• Are you aware of all the websites that have resources for your subject? 

Take a look at:

www.marktreadwell.com/Digital_Resources

www.marktreadwell.com/Image_Libraries

Page 44: Changing the World one Child at a Time: Developing the Self-regulated Learner

How do you teach learning skills?

• Two books developed this year:

IB Skills ‐ A guide for Teaching ATL Skills 

IB Skills – A students’ guide for Learning ATL 

Skills 

‐ see page 16 of conference programme

Page 45: Changing the World one Child at a Time: Developing the Self-regulated Learner

How do you assess learning skills?

• By the successful understanding, retention, transfer and recall of content?

• But does the successful passing of content based tests give any indication of the effectiveness or efficiency of the learning skills employed?

Page 46: Changing the World one Child at a Time: Developing the Self-regulated Learner

Framework of Skills Development

Level 1

Novice

‐ observation

Level 2

Learner

‐ emulation

Level 3

Practitioner

‐ demonstration

Level 4

Expert

‐ self‐regulation

Observes others performing tasks and using the skill

High levels of scaffolding from teacher needed

Copies others performance of the skill

Medium level of scaffolding needed

Can demonstrate the skill on demand

Minimal teacher scaffolding required 

Can perform the skill without thinking

Can teach others the skill

No teacher scaffolding required

Page 47: Changing the World one Child at a Time: Developing the Self-regulated Learner

Developing Metacognitive Awareness

Self‐assessment by reflection on today’s lessons:

Content – understanding of subject matter

‐ what don’t I understand yet?

‐ what questions do I have?

ATL Skills – progress towards mastery

‐ what skills have I practiced today

‐ how competent do I now feel in each skill

Strategies – effectiveness of learning/teaching strategies

‐ what strategies have I used or been exposed to today?

‐ how effective was each one for me?

Page 48: Changing the World one Child at a Time: Developing the Self-regulated Learner

Metacognition Exercise

1) What I don’t understand yet is .....

2) I would rate myself as

Novice  Learner Practitioner Expert  in:Collaboration, Communication, Team work, Listening

Note‐making ...

3) The strategies that worked best for me were:

Listening to the teacher talking, his personal stories, the video clips, the group discussion, the researching on the internet,

Page 49: Changing the World one Child at a Time: Developing the Self-regulated Learner

Process Oriented Teaching

• Tim Bedley – group work and problem solving around reaching consensus over Math problems

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1999 Netherlands Project ‐ Implementation 

Nationwide innovation in secondary education aimed 

at developing self‐regulated learners:

1) Students becoming ‘owners’ of the learning process

2) Learning as the active construction of knowledge

3) Students learning in collaboration with other 

students

Sounds just like the IB doesn’t it?

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2010 Netherlands Project ‐ Review

Conclusions:

1) Good PD not available to support teachers in 

developing SRL

2) Teachers found it very difficult to stop 

teaching

3) ‘Transmission teaching’ still rules

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To develop Self‐Regulated learners

• Teachers must learn how to stop teaching and 

allow learning to take place

• Only by being allowed to practice the skills of 

self‐regulated learning will students become 

self‐regulated learners.

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Three key strands of PD for SRL

Teach the teachers:

• how to teach ATL skills within the context of their 

subject based lessons

• how to turn the classroom experience into guided 

inquiry learning 

• how to help students to self‐assess their content, 

skills and strategy use through reflection