Changing Challenges for Homeland Security in Germany and Europe

Changing Challenges for Changing Challenges for Homeland Security in Germany Homeland Security in Germany

and Europeand Europe

The Second SIPR Annual Conference and The Second SIPR Annual Conference and Annual LectureAnnual Lecture

2nd September 20082nd September 2008

Jürgen StorbeckJürgen StorbeckDirector General for Homeland SecurityDirector General for Homeland Security

Ministry of the Interior of the Federal State of Ministry of the Interior of the Federal State of BrandenburgBrandenburg

Agenda Agenda

11 IntroductionIntroduction

22 New risks, new threats and new challengesNew risks, new threats and new challenges

33 New framework for law enforcement and security New framework for law enforcement and security agenciesagencies

44 ConclusionConclusion

1 Introduction1 Introduction

11 Introduction Introduction

-- Trends of the nineties have become realityTrends of the nineties have become reality- Globalisation Globalisation

-- ‚Global village‘‚Global village‘- New balance of power New balance of power

-- Radicalisation of Islamic communitiesRadicalisation of Islamic communities

-- Problems cannot be solved by a single StateProblems cannot be solved by a single State

2 New risks, new threats and new challenges2 New risks, new threats and new challenges

22 New risks, new threats and new challenges New risks, new threats and new challenges

2.12.1 Political, economic and social crisis Political, economic and social crisis - - Radicalisation, terrorism, criminaltyRadicalisation, terrorism, criminalty-- Political and economic instability Political and economic instability

-- Non-integration of major ethnic Non-integration of major ethnic communitiescommunities


2.22.2 GlobalisationGlobalisation

-- As both major cause As both major cause and motivation for terrorismand motivation for terrorism

-- Interpreted by militant Islamist Interpreted by militant Islamist groups as a threat groups as a threat

-- Increases opportunities for Increases opportunities for terrorists and Organised Crimeterrorists and Organised Crime


2.32.3 Major regions in Europe without border Major regions in Europe without border controlscontrols

-- Vast area for free transport Vast area for free transport

-- Growing volumes of goods shipped Growing volumes of goods shipped worldwide makes interception of worldwide makes interception of

contraband difficultcontraband difficult

-- Classic crime routes as the Balkan Classic crime routes as the Balkan route route have have already partly been altered already partly been altered


2.42.4 Vulnerability of our society due toVulnerability of our society due to

-- Complexity of systemsComplexity of systems

-- Dependence on IT/critical Dependence on IT/critical infrastructuresinfrastructures

-- Aging societyAging society

-- Shift of social/economic activities to Shift of social/economic activities to virtual worldvirtual world


2.5 2.5 Islamist terrorism – al-Qaida terrorism Islamist terrorism – al-Qaida terrorism

- - Major threat for all EU Member StatesMajor threat for all EU Member States

- - Increasing number of EU Member Increasing number of EU Member States‘ nationals and residents States‘ nationals and residents

are are recruited for Jihadrecruited for Jihad

- - Terrorist propaganda on Internet Terrorist propaganda on Internet

-- Broad spectrum of potential types of Broad spectrum of potential types of attacks and means of operationsattacks and means of operations


2.62.6 Other terrorist groupsOther terrorist groups

-- PKKPKK

-- Territorialised terrorism (e.g. Palestine, Territorialised terrorism (e.g. Palestine, Chechnya, Basque region)Chechnya, Basque region)


2.7 Organised Crime (I)2.7 Organised Crime (I)

-- Organised Crime dominates German and Organised Crime dominates German and European criminal marketsEuropean criminal markets

-- Difficulty to control transport Difficulty to control transport chainschains

-- Different criminal groups join their Different criminal groups join their activitiesactivities


2.72.7 Organised Crime (II)Organised Crime (II)

-- Specific modus operandiSpecific modus operandi

-- Sophisticated measures to obstruct Sophisticated measures to obstruct law law enforcement activitiesenforcement activities

-- Developing linkages between Developing linkages between Organised Organised Crime and terrorist groups:Crime and terrorist groups:


2.82.8 IT criminalityIT criminality

-- IT as facilitator of traditional types of IT as facilitator of traditional types of crime as fraud, illegal gambling, crime as fraud, illegal gambling,

child child pornography, etc.pornography, etc.

-- New forms of crime: Hacking, New forms of crime: Hacking, spoofing, spoofing, phishing, etc.phishing, etc.

-- Dependence of business and banking Dependence of business and banking systems on IT structuressystems on IT structures


2.92.9 Gap between criminality and law Gap between criminality and law enforcementenforcement

-- Difficulties of law enforcement and Difficulties of law enforcement and security agencies to keep security agencies to keep

abreast withabreast with

latest developmentslatest developments

-- Shortcomings in technical, procedural Shortcomings in technical, procedural and legal respectsand legal respects

3 New framework for law enforcement and security agencies3 New framework for law enforcement and security agencies

33 New framework for law enforcement and security New framework for law enforcement and security agenciesagencies

3.13.1 Political Political -- European Union as common area of European Union as common area of freedom, freedom, security and justicesecurity and justice-- European Security Strategy under European Security Strategy under developmentdevelopment-- Need for greater coordination Need for greater coordination

between EU Foreign Policies and between EU Foreign Policies and Justice and Home AffairsJustice and Home Affairs


3.23.2 LegalLegal-- New national laws and international New national laws and international

conventions, e.g.conventions, e.g.- - EU Convention on assistance in EU Convention on assistance in

the fight against Organised Crimethe fight against Organised Crime-- Pruem TreatyPruem Treaty-- Council of Europe Convention on Council of Europe Convention on

corruptioncorruption-- However:However:

-- Slow ratification/harmonisationSlow ratification/harmonisation


3.3 3.3 Organisational/Structural Organisational/Structural

-- Two main (different) tendencies:Two main (different) tendencies:

-- Creation of new specialised Creation of new specialised agencies for specific forms of agencies for specific forms of

crimecrime

-- Reduction of regional police Reduction of regional police agencies and merger of law agencies and merger of law enforcement agencies enforcement agencies

33 New framework for law enforcement and security agenciesNew framework for law enforcement and security agencies

3.3.13.3.1 Law enforcement without borders ?Law enforcement without borders ?

-- Schengen Treaties Schengen Treaties

-- Prüm-TreatyPrüm-Treaty

-- Joint Investigation TeamsJoint Investigation Teams

-- Common databases and Common databases and information systemsinformation systems


3.3.23.3.2 IntelligenceIntelligence

-- Major efforts of EU to improve Major efforts of EU to improve in the area of information in the area of information

gatheringgathering

-- Particular challenge for new Particular challenge for new Member StatesMember States

-- Need to develop analytical Need to develop analytical competences and competences and

capabilitiescapabilities


3.43.4 National response by the Federal National response by the Federal Republic of GermanyRepublic of Germany

3.4.13.4.1 New programme for internal security New programme for internal security

-- Current version dates back to 1994Current version dates back to 1994

-- Intention to agree on new version Intention to agree on new version before before end of 2008end of 2008


3.4.23.4.2 Concept for protection of critical infrastructuresConcept for protection of critical infrastructures

-- Pro-active and preventive approach Pro-active and preventive approach concerning important infrastructures asconcerning important infrastructures as

airports, power plants, train systems, etc.airports, power plants, train systems, etc.

-- Involvement of competences and Involvement of competences and technologies of police, fire brigade andtechnologies of police, fire brigade and

security servicessecurity services

-- Protection as well as restorationProtection as well as restoration


3.4.33.4.3 Security researchSecurity research

-- Public-private-partnership including Public-private-partnership including universities and scientific institutesuniversities and scientific institutes

-- Challenge: interlink of research Challenge: interlink of research community with producers and end community with producers and end

usersusers

-- Goal: to get a deeper insight in actual Goal: to get a deeper insight in actual and future demands and raise the and future demands and raise the innovation level among researchers, innovation level among researchers, producers and demandersproducers and demanders


3.4.43.4.4 Extremist criminalityExtremist criminality

- - Violence and use of illegal symbols Violence and use of illegal symbols by neo-Nazisby neo-Nazis

-- Zero tolerance conceptZero tolerance concept


3.5 3.5 Selected global law enforcement initiativesSelected global law enforcement initiatives

3.5.13.5.1 InterpolInterpol-- Facilitation of international police Facilitation of international police cooperationcooperation-- Strengths: Global police communication Strengths: Global police communication systemsystem-- Weaknesses: Competence, technical Weaknesses: Competence, technical standards, willingness of members for standards, willingness of members for

cooperationcooperation


3.5.23.5.2 EUPOLEUPOL

-- Contribution to establishment of Contribution to establishment of

sustainable and effective policing sustainable and effective policing arrangementsarrangements

-- Mission activitiesMission activities

-- MonitoringMonitoring

-- MentoringMentoring

-- AdvisingAdvising


3.5.33.5.3 EULEXEULEX

-- Provision of assistance to Kosovo Provision of assistance to Kosovo judicial authorities and law judicial authorities and law

enforcement enforcement agencies in agencies in developing/strengthening developing/strengthening

multi-ethnic institutionsmulti-ethnic institutions

-- EULEX is to replace UNMIKEULEX is to replace UNMIK

4 Conclusion4 Conclusion

4 4 Conclusion (I)Conclusion (I)

-- Global and threatening dimension of Global and threatening dimension of criminality resulted in various criminality resulted in various

national and international national and international counter counter measuresmeasures

-- However: no major breakthrough However: no major breakthrough yetyet

-- Focus too much on terrorism, but not Focus too much on terrorism, but not enough on Organised Crimeenough on Organised Crime

4 Conclusion4 Conclusion

44 Conclusion (II)Conclusion (II)

-- Problem of terrorism not to be Problem of terrorism not to be tackled only by law tackled only by law

enforcement but enforcement but involvement of involvement of whole society is whole society is necessarynecessary

-- Dynamic partnerships at European Dynamic partnerships at European and global level and global level

-- New thinking requiredNew thinking required

Documents

Changing Challenges for Homeland Security in Germany and Europe