CHANGES ON THE WESTERN FRONTIER. Great Plains- the grassland extending through the west- central...
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CHANGES ON THE WESTERN FRONTIER. Great Plains- the grassland extending through the west- central portion of the United States. The United States treated
Great Plains- the grassland extending through the west- central
portion of the United States. The United States treated the Great
Plains as a huge Indian Reservation
Slide 3
Almost all the tribes on the Great Plains had left their farms
to roam the plains and hunt buffalo. The Plains Indians did not
understand the concept of land ownership.
Slide 4
As more people came to America, the land on the Great Plains
began to look attractive to white settlers. The Settlers argued
that the Native Americans had forfeited their rights to the land
because they hadn't settled down to "improve" it.
Slide 5
Assimilation- a plan under which Native Americans would give up
their beliefs and way of life and become part of the white culture.
In 1887, Congress passed the Dawes Act aiming to "Americanize" the
Native Americans. The act broke up the reservations and gave some
of the reservation land to individual Natives. In the end, the
Native Americans received no money from the sale of these
lands.
Slide 6
Whats the Big Idea??? Name three positive or negative results
of Native American Assimilation. Native American Assimilation 1. 2.
3.
Slide 7
Native American Lands shrinking across the Great Plains.
Slide 8
Treaty of Fort Laramie, Sioux leaders were forced to live on a
reservation along the Missouri River, in 1868. Sitting Bull
(Tatanka Iyotanka), leader of the Hunkpapa Sioux, never signed
treaty, and refused to go.
Slide 9
Native Americans ignored the restrictions. In 1876, the 7th
Cavalry led by George Armstrong Custer planned to round up the
remaining free Indians. CUSTER'S LAST STAND Within an hour, Custer
and almost all of the men of the Seventh Cavalry were dead.
Defeated by Sioux warriors Sitting Bull and a few followers took
refuge in Canada, Eventually, to prevent his people's starvation,
Sitting Bull was forced to surrender.
Slide 10
U.S. thought Sitting Bull was leader of the Ghost Dance
movement. Alarmed military leaders ordered the arrest of Sitting
Bull. During the arrest, the tribal police killed Sitting Bull. On
December 28, 1890, The Seventh Cavalrytook the Sioux to a camp at
Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota. Soldiers demanded that the
Native Americans give up all their weapons. A shot was fired; from
which side, it was not clear. The soldiers opened fire with deadly
cannons. Within minutes, the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300
unarmed Native Americans, including several children. The soldiers
left the corpses to freeze on the ground. Battle of Wounded Knee:
brought the Indian wars and an entire erato a bitter end.
Slide 11
After the Civil War, the demand for beef skyrocketed Chisholm
Trail the major cattle route from San Antonio, Texas, through
Oklahoma to Kansas. Barbed wire, invented by Joseph F. Glidden. was
largely responsible for the end of the open frontier
Slide 12
Slide 13
Whats the Big Idea??? The End of the Open Range Sketch a
picture which shows the reason for the end of the Open Range.
Slide 14
To encourage families to develop the west, In 1862, Congress
passed the Homestead Act, offering 160 acres of land free to any
citizen who was head of the household. Several thousand settlers
were exodusters African Americans who moved from the
post-Reconstruction South to Kansas.
Slide 15
Since trees were scarce, most settlers built their homes by
stacking blocks of prairie turf. A soddy, was warm in winter and
cool in summer, Offered little light or air, Were havens for
snakes, insects, They leaked continuously when it rained.
Slide 16
The Morrill Act of 1862 and 1890 gave federal land to the
states to help finance agricultural colleges. When crop prices were
high, farmers could repay their loans. When crop prices fell,
farmers grew more, which caused prices to fall even more
Slide 17
Railroads charged Western farmers a higher fee than Eastern
farmers farmers needed to organize. In 1867, Oliver Hudson Kelley
started the Grange. Members learned how to Support political
candidates, create legislation to regulate railroads, fight the
power of the banks.
Slide 18
Leaders of the Farmers alliance created the Populist Party, in
1892. The Populist Party demanded reforms: to reduce debt from
farmers and laborers give the people a greater voice in their
government.
Slide 19
The Populists' share the platform of the Democratic Party
believe: The government is responsible for reforming social
injustices.
Slide 20
The Democrats and populists favored bimetallism, either gold or
silver in exchange for paper currency or checks. The Republican
favored the gold standard backing dollars solely with gold.
Republican Party William McKinley for president. The Democratic
Party nominated William Jennings Bryan
Slide 21
The voters of the industrial Middle West, with their fear of
inflation, brought McKinley into office. With McKinley's election,
Populism collapsed, burying the hopes of the farmers..