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States, Boiling Point, Melting

Point, and Solubility

Solid GasLiquid

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Questions

•  What are the 3 states of matter?

•  Write a definition for each state?

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Defining States of Matter 

•  States of matter are NOT defined by what

they are made of. –  Example: solids can be elements (gold), compounds

(Salt = NaCl), or mixtures (butter)

Element (Au) Compound (NaCl) Mixture (Milk, Salt, etc)

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Defining States of Matter 

•  States of matter are defined by whether 

they hold SHAPE and VOLUME

Element (Au) Compound (NaCl) Mixture (Milk, Salt, etc)

ALL KEEP THE SAME SHAPE AND VOLUME = Solids

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Defining States of Matter 

•  Solids – have a definite SHAPE and

VOLUME.

Element (Au) Compound (NaCl) Mixture (Milk, Salt, etc)

ALL KEEP THE SAME SHAPE AND VOLUME

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Particle View of a Solid

•  Particles in a solid are PACKED

CLOSELY together and they are in a

FIXED POSITION.

Particles vibrate in place

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Liquids

•  Liquids – has definite VOLUME but no

defined SHAPE 

100 ml

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Particle View of a Liquid

•  Packed CLOSELY (like a solid), but move

FREELY around each other (must stay in

contact).

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Gases

•  Gases - do NOT have definite SHAPE or 

VOLUME.

Bromine gas fills up the entire volume of the container 

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Particle view of a Gas

•  Particles can MOVE FREELY and will

either fill up or squeeze into available

space.

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Questions

•  1) Which Statement is True?

 – A) Liquids have a definite shape and volume

 – B) States of matter are defined by thesubstances they are made up of 

 – C) Gases have a definite shape and volume

 – D) Solids have a definite shape and volume

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Task

•  Draw a diagram of 

 – A) Gas particles

 – B) Liquid particles

 – C) Solid particles

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Changes in States of Matter 

•  Thermal Energy – heat energy.

•  More thermal energy = More particle movement 

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Changing States

Solid GasLiquid

Increase Thermal Energy (Heat up)

Decrease Thermal Energy (Cool off)

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Melting point

•  Melting - change from solid to liquid

•  Melting point - SPECIFIC temperature whenmelting occurs.

•  Each pure substance has a SPECIFIC meltingpoint.

 –  Examples:

 –  M.P. of Water = 0°C (32°F)

 –  M.P. of Nitrogen = -209.9 °C (-345.81998 °F) –  M.P. of Silver = 961.93 °C (1763.474 °F)

 –  M.P. of Carbon = 3500.0 °C (6332.0 °F)

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Melting Point

•  Particles of a solid vibrate so fast that they

break free from their fixed positions.

Solid Liquid

Increasing Thermal Energy

Melting point

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Vaporization

•  Vaporization – change from liquid to gas

•  Vaporization happens when particles in a

liquid gain enough energy to form a gas.

GasLiquid

Increasing Thermal Energy

Boiling point

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Two Kinds of Vaporization

•  Evaporation – vaporization that takes

place only on the surface of the liquid 

•  Boiling – when a liquid changes to a gasBELOW its surface as well as above. 

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Boiling Point

•  Boiling Point – temperature at which aliquid boils

•  Each pure substance has a SPECIFICboiling point.

 – Examples:

 – B.P. of Water = 100°C (212°F)

 – B.P. of Nitrogen = -195.79 °C (-320.42 °F)

 – B.P. of Silver = 2162 °C (3924 °F)

 – B.P. of Carbon = 4027 °C (7281 °F)

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Boiling Point and Melting Point

-150

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

200

   T  e  m  p  e  r  a   t  u  r  e

time

WATER – H20

Melting point

Boiling point

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•  http://www.docstoc.com/docs/42364016/

States-Boiling-Point-Melting-Point-and-

Solubility