Changes in Socioeconomic Disparities in Primary Tooth Caries in the United States: NHANES 1988 to...
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Changes in Socioeconomic Disparities in Primary Tooth Caries in the United States: NHANES 1988 to 2004 Takenaka TH *1, Cunha-Cruz J 2, Leggott PJ 1 1 Department
Changes in Socioeconomic Disparities in Primary Tooth Caries in
the United States: NHANES 1988 to 2004 Takenaka TH *1, Cunha-Cruz J
2, Leggott PJ 1 1 Department of Pediatric Dentistry; 2 Dental
Public Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
Introduction Materials and Methods The last decade of the century
witnessed an increase in dental caries among preschoolers Striking
disparities in oral health continue to exist between certain
population subgroups when stratified by age, sex, income, and
race/ethnicity Purpose of this study: To investigate changes in the
association between dental caries prevalence of preschoolers and
parental income in the United States over the period of 1988-2004.
Changes in Caries Prevalence Disparities, 1988-2004Changes in
Caries Prevalence, 1988-2004 Contact Conclusion There has been no
significant change in the disparity in primary tooth caries based
on socioeconomic position in preschool-aged children in the last
two decades. The effect of socioeconomic position on caries
prevalence in the very young remains significant There was a strong
association between the selected sociodemographic/lifestyle factors
and the disparity in caries prevalence in this age group at each
time point, but these variables did not affect the disparity over
time Tracy H Takenaka, DDS [email protected] 1959 NE
Pacific Street, Box 357136, HSC B-242 Seattle, WA 98195 Data
source: NHANES III: 4,801 persons 2-5 years of age NHANES
1999-2004: 2,735 persons 2-5 years of age Primary outcome: Dental
caries in primary teeth Main Exposure: Socioeconomic position (SEP)
defined as the ratio of reported family income to the federal
poverty level (FPL) Low-SEP: income level at or below 133% of the
FPL High-SEP: income level greater than 350% FPL Covariates: age,
gender, race/ethnicity, head of household (HH) nativity, HH
education level, primary language spoken at interview, health and
dental insurance status, maternal prenatal smoking status,
breastfeeding history, time since last dental visit Statistical
Analyses: Descriptive statistics calculated as percentages
Prevalence, prevalence ratios, and prevalence differences
calculated at each time point Wald F test and t test used to
compare prevalence ratios and prevalence differences over time
Level of significance: p < 0.05 Caries prevalence ratios by
characteristics in low- and high-SEP children: United States,
1988-1994 and 1999-2004 Caries prevalence differences by
characteristics in low- and high-SEP children: United States,
1988-1994 and 1999-2004 19902000Change
Low-SEP34.9(30.4-39.5)39.5(35.3-43.7)4.6(0.2-9.0)0.047
High-SEP8.9(5.3-12.6)11.7(7.6-15.8)2.8(-2.4-8.0)0.297 Prevalence
Ratio3.9(2.5-6.0)0.0003.4(2.3-4.9)0.000-0.50.575 Prevalence
Difference26.0(20.4-31.5)0.00027.8(21.8-33.8)0.0001.8(-4.9-8.5)0.602
Caries Prevalence, Prevalence Ratio, and Prevalence Difference in
Children: United States, 1988-1994 and 1999-2004 * Change was
statistically significant p < 0.05