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Change Order Reduction through
3D Modeling and BIM
Presented by: Brian Hannon, P.E., Moore & Bruggink
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Outline
Construction Change Orders
3D Modeling
Building Information Modeling
Different Programs
Case Studies
Future
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Construction Change Orders
Owner Requested Change Unforeseen Conditions Conflicts
Contractor Questions Design Conflicts
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Industry Average
Construction COs between 7%-9% 7 % (design/build)
(Project Delivery Systems & Project Change : Quantitative
Analysis Journal of Construction Engineering & Management at
ASCE July 2003 Ibbs et.al.)
7.5 % (Comparative Analysis of total Project Costs w/ vs without
at CM Research Report to the CMAA Research and Development
Committee - April 2006 Kuprenas et. al.)
8.1 % (Summary Report: Development of a Change Order Management
Process for use on Construction Projects at
MSU Nov. 2004 Mrozowski et. al.)
9 % (design/bid/build) (Project Delivery Systems & Project
Change : Quantitative Analysis Journal of Construction Engineering
& Management at ASCE July 2003 Ibbs et.al.)
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3D Modeling
Drawings in 3 planes (X, Y, Z)
Provides Design Visualization
Test Design Concepts
Can Render Surfaces or Solids
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3D Modeling
Homestead Dairy Cogeneration Facility, Plymouth, IN
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3D Modeling
Homestead Dairy Cogeneration Facility, Plymouth, IN
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3D Modeling
Homestead Dairy Cogeneration Facility, Plymouth, IN
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3D Modeling
Homestead Dairy Cogeneration Facility, Plymouth, IN
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Conflict Detection
Image www.thenbs.com
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Conflict Detection
Image www.rapidbim.com
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Conflict Detection
Image www.beyonddesign.com
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Building Information Modeling Next Level of 3D drawings
Digital representation of physical and functional
characteristics of a facility
Concept originated in 1970s, term first appeared in 1992 white
paper.
Started becoming feasible with advancement of computing power
and in 2009 w/ release of Revit
and Navisworks
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Building Information Modeling
Embed information as part of 3D Model
Equipment Information
Make and Model, Material
O&M manuals
Photos
Quantity and Materials takeoff
Cost Estimating
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Information Embedment
Image www.autodesk.com
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Some of the Different Programs Autodesk Revit
AutoCAD Plant 3D
ArchiCAD
Bentley Architecture
NavisWorks (allows integration)
Open-platform types
Google Sketch-up
Blender
FreeCAD
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Why Use 3D
and/or BIM?
Contractors View
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Why use 3D and/or BIM?
Case Histories
Industry Average COs = 7% - 9%
M&B prior to implementation = 5.44%
M&B after implementation = 0.95%
Engineers View
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Montgomery County, IN
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Montgomery County, IN
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Montgomery County, IN
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Montgomery County, IN
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Montgomery County, IN
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Montgomery County, IN
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Montgomery County, IN Project Budget = $3,617,600
Change Orders = $8,680
CO % = 0.23%
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Fulton Lift Station, Ada
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Fulton Lift
Station, Ada
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Fulton Lift Station, Ada
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Fulton Lift
Station, Ada
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Fulton Lift Station, Ada
Project Budget = $329,200
Change Orders = $6,792
CO% = 1.02%
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Grandville CWP Chemical Bldg
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Grandville CWP Chemical Bldg
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Grandville CWP Chemical Bldg
Project Budget = $312,200
COs (w/ discovery) = $17,251
COs (w/o discovery) = $2,541
CO % (no discovery) = 0.80%
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Future of BIM
4D modeling
4D = Add schedule and tracking to 3D model
Can also clash detect schedule using 4D
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4D (Track Schedule and Conflicts)
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Future of BIM
5D modeling
5D = Add cost and tracking to the 4D model
6D
Model delivered to owner for use w/ all information
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Model for Owners Use
Image www.skanska.com
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Questions?
Brian Hannon, P.E.
Moore & Bruggink
(616) 363-9801
[email protected]
