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Motive & Purpose
• Motive– Today, we most environments don’t have
compact network for output devices to built strong feelings of information overload.
• Purpose– Creating a bit can accepts requests to display
information for multiple application and controls how the information is presented to minimize visual breakdown to users.
Introduction
• “Calm” environments– Do not cause information overload.
• The context-aware systems will increase human-computer information flow without contributing of information overload. (Abowd and Mynatt, 2000)
Two strategies for minimizing information overload
• Using context to infer user intent and actively present information such as context-sensitive help.
• Shifting information from the user’s focus of attention to the user’s visual and auditory around.
A present-day scenario
• If you are in a meeting with 10 other busy people, and everyone has cell phones. What would you like the other people in the room have their devices set their phone?(a)-silent notification of incoming messages (e.g.
via vibration)
(b)-audible notification (e.g. via unique rings)
A future (worst-case) scenario
• Many interfaces and information environments are not created based on a single, connected vision of information should be best transport to people.
• Future home may fill dynamic and stimulus-inducing information into the environments, filling all available display space.
Related work
• Calm technology– Combine both the center and the around of our
attention and allows information to move back and forth between the two.
• Using technology to create interpretive clues in the around can help people quickly make decisions, ease communication.
Related work
• The window helps the office user keep awareness of office activity in a calm fashion which can avoids direct messages.
• Changing information in the user’s around preserves a sense of calm better than alerting the user of changes directly.
Creating calm by minimizing perceived change
• Visual stimuli changes cause the eyes to quickly move, or saccade in order to attend to the motion transient.
• Every people in a future computing environment may want to have information displayed nearby:– (1) stays current.
– (2) is sometimes augmented on the relevant objects as
the user moves about the space.
– (3) changes based upon what the user is actually doing.
Using change blindness• Change blindness is the inability to detect chang
es between two images or image sequences.
• A complete mental representation of a scene is never constructed in memory which cause the changing blindness.
• Change blindness can be used by the context-aware user interface designer to minimize detectable change within a environment.
Blanking an image
• The viewers have difficulty even being told that a change has definitely occurred.
Changing views & Displaying “mud splashes”
• Controlled change blindness studies have shown that changes such as switching out actors and clothing type or color are often not detected.
• Any visual distracter will disrupt peripheral visual processing and permit changes to go undetected.
Changing information slowly
• Occlusion has also been shown to be an effective method for masking motion transients.
• change blindness researchers believe that motion transient masking should occur for both visual and auditory signals and have called for studies on “change deafness”.
Limitations
• Some messages will create motion transients, and to fully use the technique will require object and people tracking which can not avoid.
• Change detection time for central interest objects is fast inattentive of object color, position, and presence/absence.
Limitations
• Location changes are significantly less likely to be identified than addition and color changes.
• Masked deletion of a only object is easier to identify than addition of an object not present in the first scene.
• Change blindness studies subjects are typically told that changes will occur and yet often have great difficulty seeing them.