Chang-Gil Kim

APEC Workshop on Food Security (17-19, January, 2012, Tokyo, MAFF Government of Japan)

ContentsI. Introduction

II. Meaning of Green Growth

III. Case of Green Growth in Korean Agriculture

IV. Tasks for Implementing Green Growth in Ag

V. Concluding Remarks

ⅠⅠ Introduction

■■Why for Green Growth? ▶

Global warming – mega trend leading future society- Climate change issue as one of the most serious global challenges

(global temp 0.74℃ and Korea temp 1.5℃ over past 100 years)(global average temp 6.4℃ and sea level 59cm by the end of 21c)

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Crisis in energy resources - Exacerbation of global imbalances drawn from economic development of BRICs

- Extraction period: 43 years of oil supply, 62 years of natural gas supply

Introduction

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The World is going green- Leading green path in advanced and many developing countries- Many countries taking initiatives to help develop eco-friendly tech

Need to adopt a new growth strategy that addresses both environmental and economic concerns by reducing GHGs and improving energy efficiency

■ President Lee Myung-bak embraced a vision of “Low-Carbon Green Growth” on August 15th, 2008

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Creating synergy from harmonious workings of the environment and the economy

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New development paradigm creating jobs and new growth engineswith using green technology and clean energy

■

Progress of Green Growth Implementation

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Jan 2009: Setting up the Presidential Committee on Green Growth

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July 2009: Announced the Five-Year Plan for Green Growth (2009-2013)

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April 2010: Enacted the Framework Act on Low Carbon Green Growth

Korea’s Initiatives of Low-Carbon Green Growth

IIII Meaning of Green Growth

Meaning of Green Growth

■ Origin and Progress of ‘Green Growth’ Term- newly-coined by The Economist magazine in January 27, 2000- Ministerial Conference on Environment and Development of UN ESCAPin 2005

- Declaration of Green Growth in OECD’s ministerial council in June 2009

■ Definition of Green Growth (Framework Act of LCGG, Article No.2)

- growth achieved by saving and using energy and resources efficientlyto reduce climate change and damage to the environment, securing new growth engines through research and development of green technology, creating new job opportunities, and achieving harmony between the economy and environment

Conventional Economic Growth

EnvironmentalConservation

EconomicGrowth

Tradeoff

Green Growth

Environmental Conservation

Complement

EconomicGrowth

Comparison of Economic Growth and Green Growth

■ Prerequisite for Implementing Green Growth- Requiring for considerable economic costs and efforts- Need for changing the life styles and consumption pattern- Need for stakeholders’ understanding and cooperatives

Economic Growth

Environmental Sustainability<Harmonization>

Changing consumption pattern, changing production and technology, environmentally-friendly policy

Changing consumption pattern, changing production and technology, environmentally-friendly policy

Improving eco-efficiency of production and consumption

Improving eco-efficiency of production and consumption

Minimizing environmental load with carrying capacity

Minimizing environmental load with carrying capacity

< Green Growth >Synergy effect of environmental & economy

(win-win strategy)

Approach to Reaching the Goals of Green Growth

■

Promote steady growth while minimizing use of energy and resources

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Industrial restructuring to cut energy use

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Eco-efficiency improvement

■

Minimize environmental impacts (CO2 emission)▶

Developing and promoting clean and renewable energy sources

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Implementing mechanisms for CO2 mitigation

■

Develop new growth engines

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R&D investment in green technologies

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Promoting green industries and encouraging export

Three Keys to Achieving Green Growth

IIIIII Case of Green Growth in Korean Agriculture

Vision

Goals

3 Major Strategies

9 major Implementation

Tasks

Agriculture leading to National Happiness and National Prosperity

▪

CO2 Emission Volume: (`07) 18.4million tCO2 → Reduce to National Target

▪

Bio-energy Supply Ratio: (`07) 6.6% →

(`20) 15.7%▪

Weight of Eco-friendly Agriculture: (`07) 3.0% →

(`20) 15.0%

Green Industrialization for Low Input and High Efficiency

Sustainable Use and Management of Natural Resources

Promotion of National Health and Enhancement of National Grade

① Promotion of Bio-mass Energy

② Expansion of Green-Tech Equipment Supply

③ Reinforcement of Competency to Cope with CC

④ Vitalization of Rural village

⑤ Expansion of CO2Absorbing Green Space

⑥ Cultivation of High Value Added Bio Industry

⑦ Cultivation of Eco-friendly Agricultural base

⑧ Establishment of Low Carbon System

⑨ Diffusion of Green Life Implementation

Vision and Implementation Tasks for Green Growth in Korea

50 Major Action Tasks

Strategy for promotion and detailed tasks Strategy for promotion and detailed tasks

2 Objectives 2 Objectives

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Predict unusual weather◈

(provisional) Install Agro-food weather center

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Edit vulnerability map

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Predict unusual weather◈

(provisional) Install Agro-food weather center

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Edit vulnerability map

Mitigation

Adaptation

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Farming in environment – friendly way

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Activate biomass ◈

Produce resource and energy with livestock manures

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Reduction solutions for crops

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Farming in environment – friendly way

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Activate biomass ◈

Produce resource and energy with livestock manures

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Reduction solutions for crops

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Build MRV system ◈

Organize dedicate institution ◈

Response to emission credit system

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Carbon marking system

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Build MRV system ◈

Organize dedicate institution ◈

Response to emission credit system

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Carbon marking system

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Develop varieties ◈

Crop change ◈

Preemptive solution for diseases and harmful insects

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Develop varieties ◈

Crop change ◈

Preemptive solution for diseases and harmful insects

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Supply subtropical crops ◈

Build a system for producing and distributing functional crops

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Supply subtropical crops ◈

Build a system for producing and distributing functional crops

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Extend forestation◈

Grow seaweed ◈

Enhance carbon capturing by agricultural resources

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Extend forestation◈

Grow seaweed ◈

Enhance carbon capturing by agricultural resources

Enhance GHG Absorption of Forestry Sector

Enhance Carbon Storage in Agri-Resources

Secure GHG Absorption and Emission Credits

Create additional 1000 ha of forest as absorption source by 2013

Sequestrate carbon on the earth in sea forest

Enhance absorption in urban forest (urban farming)

Promote overseas CDM(Clean Development Mechanism) project

Study introduction of no-till farming

Improve the capacity for GHG absorption of forest by changing tree varieties and forest maintenance

* Carbon absorption of seaweed : Under research outsourcing (2012~13, Korea Fisheries Resources Agency)

* Possible to abate GHG of approx. 32%

* Urban forest area per capita in the zone of life (㎡/person) : Jul.6 (`2010) → Oct (`2017)

Mitigate GHG with Biomass

Reduce GHG by Eco-friendly Agro-Food Chain

Extend more facilities for producing resources and energy with livestock manure

Enhance the ratio of intermittent irrigation of paddy rice

Develop, supply and extend environment-friendly farming (Echo-Farming)

Improve substitution of wood pellets for protected horticulture (50% by 2020)

* improving 43.8% of GHG abatement capacity as compared to continuous submersion

* Plan for reducing chemical fertilizer application (kg/ha) : reduce 3% every year after (2010)242

Self-supply rice straw for animal feed and develop highly fermentable animal feed

Encourage low carbon living by the agro-product carbon marking system (Promoting pilot project in 2012)

Establish Methodology for Mitigating GHG

Develop MRV Programs for Crops

Select key tasks, e.g., intermittent irrigation, livestock manure treatment, improvement of livestock enteric fermentation

Develop MRV first for crop and livestock farming cultivated across the country and of lots of carbon emission

Carry out GHG Mitigation Project Step by Step Consulting and training for companies joining in GHG abatement project

16

Continually expansion of environmentally friendly agriculture- Annual growth about 70% since 2000 (Area of Env-Friendly Farming Practices : 201, 688ha, 11.5% oftotal agricultural land in 2009)

- Strongly government support through Five-Year Plan for DevelopingEnv-Friendly Agriculture

Promotion of Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture

Geothermal heat (geothermal heat pump)

Bio-energy

Utilization of Energy-Saving Technology

Light Emitting Diode (LED)

Institutional Framework for Implementing GG in Ag

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Institutional system for managing green growth affairs in the Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MIFAFF)

Division of Future Strategy (Director) under the subsidiary ofGreen Growth Policy Bureau (Director General)

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Implementing Strategies for Green Growth in Agriculture,

Forestry, Fisheries and Food Sectors 6 Implementation Projects - Green Life: Comprehensive plan for fostering urban agriculture,- Green Energy: Activating energy of livestock manure and expanding biomass

town, and utilization of new renewable energy- Low Carbon Policy: Carbon labeling system, target management of GHGs - Infrastructure of Green Industry: Green R&D Investment, Env-Friend Ag Infra- Sustainable Resource Management: Ecosystem conservation- Strengthening International Cooperation: Global partnership

2 Management Projects: - Performance management and feedback system, public relations

IIIIII Strategies for Implementing Green Growth

Strategic Directions and Approach for GG

■

Basic Directions for Agro-Green Strategy ▶

Paradigm shift to Low-Carbon and Resource Circulation Agriculture

with 3R (Reduce, Recycle, and Reuse)▶

From Maximum Production to Optimum Ag Production with Green Technologies

▶

Policy Mix through Integrating Agri- and Environ-Policy Programs

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Consensus Creation and Stakeholders’ Appropriate Role

■

Implementation Method : Step-by-Step Approach ▶

Groundwork Establishment Stage (2010-2013)

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Utilization or Takeoff Stage (2014-2019)

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Settlement Stage (2020-2030)

Support and regulation systemSupport and regulation system

Ecosystem

Animal Microorganism

Development and usageof biological and environmental resources

Crop Animal Useful microorganism

Soil, Water, Air

Optimal agricultural, environmental and resource management

Optimal agricultural, environmental and resource management

Contributing to addressing global warmingImproving living standard of people

Greenhouse gas mitigation

Preservation of agricultural ecosystem

Securing safety of agri-food

Maintaining profitability

<Vision and Goals of Green Growth in Agriculture>

▶

Expanding Sound Environment-Friendly Agriculture- Expansion of environment-friendly farming practices (organic- agriculture) and districts- Establishing Regional Circulation Agricultural Support Center (tentative)- Effective implementation of Regional-Based Maximum Nutrients

Loading System- Promotion of environ-friendly agribusiness (bio-pesticides, organic

fertilizers, natural enemy)

▶

Promoting Organic Agriculture and Organic Food Industry- Establishment of Special District of Organic Agriculture- Development of High Value-Added Organic Processing Food

- Promotion of Consumption and Marketing in Organic Products

1. Establishment of Resource Circulation Ag

2. Integration of Ag Policy and Low Carbon Policy

▶

Integration and Coordination between Agricultural policy and Low Carbon Policy

- Reorganization of overall current agricultural policy system- Policy mix or integration for transforming low carbon green growth

system- Introducing Environmental Cross Compliance program(i.e., Direct Payment for Low Carbon Agricultural Practices)

- Integration of climate policy (mitigation and adaptation)

3. Development and Dissemination of Green Tech

▶

Developing GHGs Mitigation Technology

• Reduction of Methane from Irrigated Rice Paddies

• Improvement in Enteric Fermentation of Ruminant Livestock

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Developing and Disseminating Energy Efficiency Technology

• Heat Recovery Ventilator Improving Technology

• Heat Exchanger Improving Technology

▶

Developing Clean Energy Technology

• Utilization of geothermal, solar power, wind power

• Production of Bio-ethanol energy crops

▶

Developing Convergence Technology (IT, NT, BT, ET)• Plant Factory, Vertical Farm, Bio-refinery with supercritical fluid

4. Policy Programs Using Carbon Information

▶

Actively Utilize Carbon Information (Carbon Market)

• Introduced Carbon Footprint Labeling System

• Utilization of project-based carbon market (CDM)

• Utilization of Emission Trading System (cap-and-trade scheme)

1st Stage : Carbon Emission Certification

2nd Stage: Low Carbon Certification System

5. Utilization of Green Finance in Ag Sector

▶Supporting green industries using preferential interest rate• Financial support for introducing green energy technology in

capital-intensive areas (livestock and horticulture sector)• Financial assistance for agri-production facilities utilizing green

technologies(energy-saving and higher efficiency) • Creating agricultural investment fund to provide loan programs

with preferential rates for business distributing green agriculturaltechnologies

6. Education and Communication for GG▶

Substantial Investment /Support for Education and Training

Programs

• Structured education and communication programs targeting core leaders

IVIV Concluding Remarks

Viewpoint on agriculture in managing GHGs- Negligence of agricultural sector since less than 3% in GHGs Emission- Significance of agricultural sector (US. EU, Japan)

Paradigm of Green Growth in Agriculture- From productivity-oriented quantitative approach to qualitative approach

based on ecological efficiency

Key to Success for Green Growth Strategy in Ag-Sector- Positive and creative thinking for designing green growth strategy in

agricultural sector- Policymakers’ leadership and driving force in implementing green growth

strategy - Green governance with an appropriate role assignment for stakeholders

Future Work for Implementing Green Growth Strategy- Economic analysis of GG policy programs : estimating GHGs

abatement costs

- Evaluation and giving priorities of action programs

- Designing the roadmap for implementing strategies

Contributing Industry for GHGs Mitigation

Eco-friendly Industry for Managing Territory

Life Industry for Providing Safe Food

Contributing Industry for GHGs Mitigation Eco-friendly Industry for Managing Territory Life Industry for Providing Safe Food

Policy Mix

CarbonSequestration

GHGsReduction

Agro-GreenTechnology

BiomassUses

Environ-Friendly

Agriculture

Adaptationof Climate

Change

Research&

Develop

Agro-Green Growth as Future Growth Engines