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Chandra Observations of SN 1987A
Kari A. Frank with David Burrows Penn State University
Image: HST 2006, C. Burrows, ESA/STScI and NASA
• The first – nearby SN in 400 years (in LMC)
– observed with modern instruments • extensively monitored in radio, IR, optical, UV, and X-ray
– identification of progenitor • Blue supergiant Sanduleak -69º202 in LMC
– detection of extrasolar neutrinos (core-collapse)
• First opportunity to study birth and early development of a SNR in detail
– X-rays directly trace progress of blast wave
SN 1987A: Birth of a SNR
Chandra Monitoring
Date Age Grating
1999-10-06 4608 HETG
2000-01-17 4711 NONE
2000-12-07 5036 NONE
2001-04-25 5175 NONE
2001-12-12 5406 NONE
2002-05-15 5559 NONE
2002-12-31 5789 NONE
2003-07-08 5978 NONE
2004-01-02 6157 NONE
2004-07-22 6358 NONE
2005-01-09 6529 NONE
2005-07-11 6713 NONE
2006-01-28 6913 NONE
2006-07-27 7094 NONE
2007-01-19 7270 NONE
2007-07-13 7445 NONE
2008-01-09 7624 NONE
2008-07-01 7799 HETG
2009-01-18 8000 HETG
2010-03-28 8232 HETG
2010-09-28 8433 HETG
2011-03-25 8617 HETG
2011-09-21 8975 HETG
2012-03-28 9165 HETG
2013-03-21 9523 HETG
2013-09-28 9713 HETG
2014-03-19 9885 HETG
2014-09-20 10071 HETG
• 1999 – Now (day 4600 – 10000)
• ~6 month intervals
• 29 Observations – 4 New
HII ρ ~ 100 cm-3
Equatorial Ring w/Clumps ρ ~ 10000 cm-3
t = 0 days
ΔR ≥ 0.12”
Physical Model
Dewey et al. 2012
Unshocked Ejecta
Unshocked HII
Equatorial Ring w/Clumps
Reverse Shock Contact
Discontinuity Forward Shock
t =1400 – 5700 days
Physical Model
HII
Ejecta
Shocked Plasma
Dewey et al. 2012
Contact Discontinuity
Unshocked Ejecta
Unshocked HII
Reverse Shock
Forward Shock
Equatorial Ring w/Clumps
t = 5700 days - ?
Physical Model
Dense ER
HII
Ejecta
Shocked Plasma
Dewey et al. 2012
Model Light Curve
Dewey et al. 2012
Morphological Evolution
Blast Wave Velocity
4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000
SN1987A Age [days]
0.50
0.55
0.60
0.65
0.70
0.75
0.80
0.85
Rad
ius
[arc
sec]
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Year
vearly = 9030 ± 1400 km/s vlate = 1960 ± 130 km/s Ring Impact = 5740 ± 110 days
Blast Wave Progression
4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000
SN1987A Age [days]
0.50
0.55
0.60
0.65
0.70
0.75
0.80
0.85
Rad
ius
[arc
sec]
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Year
ΔRX-ray ≥ 0.10” ± 0.02” (7.7 × 1011 km)
ΔRoptical ≥ 0.12” ± 0.02” (9.3 × 1011 km)
X-ray Light Curve
4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000
SN1987A Age [days]
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Flux
[10�
13
erg
cm�
2s�
1]
ACIS (w/HETG)ACIS (no grating)EPIC-pn0.5-2.0 keV1.0-2.0 keV3.0-8.0 keV
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Year
Conclusions
ΔRX-ray ≥ 0.10” ± 0.02” (7.7 × 1011 km)
• Chandra provides excellent record
• Blast wave leaving known ring? (but beware OBF contamination) • Stay tuned for future exploration!
4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000
SN1987A Age [days]
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Flux
[10�
13
erg
cm�
2s�
1]
ACIS (w/HETG)ACIS (no grating)EPIC-pn0.5-2.0 keV1.0-2.0 keV3.0-8.0 keV
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Year
References
• Dewey, D., Dwarkadas, V. V., Haberl, F., Sturm, R., &s, C. R. 2012, ApJ, 752, 103
• Haberl, F., Geppert, U., Aschenbach, B., & Hasinger, G. 2006, A&A, 460, 811
• Helder, E. A., Broos, P. S., Dewey, D., et al. 2013, ApJ, 764, 11
• Racusin, J. L., Park, S., Zhekov, S., et al. 2009, ApJ, 703, 1752
• O’Dell, S. L., Swartz, D. A., Tice, N. W., et al. 2013 Proc. SPIE, 2013, 8859, 88590F-88590F-12