Chandigarh Presentation - LE CORBUSIER.pdf

8/14/2019 Chandigarh Presentation - LE CORBUSIER.pdf

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CH NDIG RH

Picture of LE CORBUSIER withthe master plan of Chandigarh


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LOCATION & HISTORY

CHANDIGARH was the first planned city afterindependence from British rule in 1947. It is thecapital city of the states of Punjab and Haryana.The city is located at the picturesque junction offoothills of the Himalayas Mountain range and theGanges plains.It houses a population of 1,054,600 inhabitants (2001)and is one of the richest cities of the nation.American architects Albert Mayer and MathewNovicki were the first architects to be appointedfor the project.After the death of Novicki in 1950, Le Corbusier wascommissioned


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1.1 Chandigarh

Chandigarh is only planned city in India with a population 4,707,030 in theyear 2011.

The construction of capital city of joint Punjab was started in early 50s.

One of the finest example of urban development.

The City Chandigarh was declared a Union Territory in the year 1966 with

joint capital of both the states ofPunjab and Haryana. It is situated in the foot of Shivalik hills.

The area of Union Territory of Chandigarh is 114 sq. km. only with 22villages falling in the jurisdiction of Union Territory. Since the formation ofUnion Territory in the year 1966, all the functions such as water supply,sewerage, storm water drainage, city roads, solid waste management and firewing etc. were looked after by respective departments of ChandigarhAdministration. With the formation of Municipal Corporation Chandigarh inthe year 1994 (with 20 wards) with its jurisdictional area of 79.34 sq. kms.; thefunctions of original works & maintenance for V4,V5 and V6 roads; watersupply, sewerage, storm water drainage, solid


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The city Chandigarh because of its unique concept is known as City beautiful. It is one

of the greenest city of India with its 1400 nos. green belts / parks/ gardens. The qualityof

life is the consideration of people in Chandigarh. The maintenance of basic urbanservice

is altogether different than the conventional old cities. Moreover it is the regional center

of three adjoining States of Punjab, Haryana ad Himachal. It is hub of political and

bureaucratic activities of adjoining States. The high profile services provided by

Chandigarh Administration & Municipal Corporation is a role model for other urban

cities.

The city Chandigarh is located in western side of river Gaggar and Shimla National

highway. It is linked by rail with National Capital Delhi and hill station Shimla. The

National and state highways also connect this city with Ludhiana, Amritsar, Ambala,Patiala and Manali. The city Chandigarh is having direct air link to Delhi and Bombay

and airport is also being upgraded.


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1.2 Historical BackgroundChandigarh derives its name from the temple of Goddess Chandi (the goddess of power)located in the area and a fort or garh lying beyond the temple.

The city has a pre-historic past. The gently sloping plains on which modern Chandigarhexists, was in the ancient past, a wide lake ringed by a marsh. The fossil remains found atthe site indicate a large variety of aquatic and amphibian life, which was supported by theenvironment.About 8000 years ago the area was also known to be a home to the Harappa's. Since themedieval thru' modern era, the area was part of the large and prosperous Punjab Province,which was divided in to East & West Punjab during partition of the country in 1947. The

city was conceived not only to serve as the capital of East Punjab, but also to resettlethousands of refugees who had been uprooted from West Punjab.In March 1948, the Government of Punjab, in consultation with the Government of India,approved a 114.59 Sq.Kms.tract of land at the foothills of Shivaliks as the site for the newcapital.The location of the city site was a part of the erstwhile Ambala district as per the 1892-93gazetteer of District Ambala. The site was selected by Dr.M.S Randhawa, the then Deputy

Commissioner of Ambala. Before the new capital came up, the original site had about 59villages. The foundation stone of the city was laid in 1952.Subsequently, at the time of reorganization of the state in 1967 (01.11.1966) in Punjab,Haryana and Himachal Pradesh, the city assumed the unique distinction of being thecapital of both, Punjab and Haryana while it itself was declared as a Union Territory andunder the direct control of the Central Government.


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1.3 Geology

The Union Territory of Chandigarh is located in the foothills of the Shivalik hillranges in the north, which form a part of the fragile Himalayan ecosystem.

It is occupied by Kandi (Bhabhar) in the north east and Sirowal (Tarai) and alluvial plains in the remaining part.

The subsurface formation comprises of beds of boulders, pebbles, gravel, sand, silt,clays 3 and some Kankar. The area is drained by two seasonal rivulets viz SukhnaChoe in the east and Patiala-Ki-Rao Choe in the west. The central Part forms a surfacewater and has two minor steams. The steam passing through the central part is called

N-Choe and the other Nala which initiates at Sector 29.


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INITIAL PROPOSALS

Fan-shaped Master Plan proposed by

Albert Mayer

Grid-Iron Master Plan proposed by

Le Corbusier


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BASIC PLANNING CONCEPTS

The city plan was conceived as post warGarden City wherein vertical and highrise buildings were ruled out, keeping inview the living habits of the people.

Le Corbusier conceived the master planof Chandigarh as analogous to humanbody, with a clearly definedHead (the Capitol Complex, Sector 1),Heart (the City Centre Sector-17),Lungs (the leisure valley, innumerableopen spaces and sector greens),Intellect (the cultural and educationalinstitutions),Circulatory system (the network ofroads, the 7Vs) andViscera (the Industrial Area).


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Type or Roads Functions/Names

V-1 Roads connecting Chandigarh with other cities like Ambala,Kharar andShimla. They have dual carriageway, good tree plantation and distinctivecentral verge lighting. The Madhya Marg and Dakshin Marg are two roads,

which merge into V-1s leading the Kalka and Ambala, respectively.V-2 They are the major avenues of Chandigarh, with important

institutional and commercial functions running alongside.In Chandigarh they are identifiable as Marg , Madhya Marg,Dakshin Marg,Jan Marg, Himalaya Marg, Uttar Marg and Purv Marg are importantexamples.

V-3 They are the corridor- streets for fast moving vehicular traffic. A sector issurrounded either by V-2 of V-3 roads.

V-4 Roads bisecting the Sector with shopping complex located along theirsouthern edge.

V-5 Roads meandering through the sector giving access to its inner lands.

V-6 Roads coming off of the V-5s and leading to the residentialhouses.

V-7 They are intended for pedestrian movement and run throughthe middle of the sector in the green areas. A few examples arealong the Jan Marg, in the Punjab University & Sector-15.

V-8 They are intended to run parallel with V-7s for the bi-cycles. Not properly developed, as yet.


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View of typical Roads andRound- abouts in the city


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The primary module of citys design isa Sector, a neighbourhood unit ofsize 800 meters x 1200 meters.Each SECTOR is a self-sufficient unithaving shops, school, health cantersand places of recreations and worship.The population of a sector variesbetween 3000 and 20000 dependingupon the sizes of plots and thetopography of the area.Layout


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HIERARCHY of GREEN AREAS

A Hierarchy of GreenSpaces can beobserved in both thelayout ranging from

Public Greens at CityLevel to Semi-Privateto Private GreenAreas.

1

4

3

2

1.City Level Public

Green Space withArtificial Water Body2.Free- FlowingGreen Space,connecting the entiresite

3.Semi-Private GreenAreas forneighbourhood

pockets4.Private Green Areasfor Residential Units


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The Leisure Valley is a greensprawling space extending North-East to South-West along aseasonal riverlet gradient and was

conceived by Le Corbusier as thelungs of the city.

Apart from largePublic Parks andspecial Botanical

Gardens, it housesseries of FitnessTrails, amphitheatresand spaces for open-air exhibitions.


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Population

As per the provisional population totals of Census2011, Chandigarh UT has a

population of 1,054,686compared to 900,635 in 2001.In absolute terms the

population of Chandigarh hasincreased by 154,051 during2001 - 2011.Among States and UnionTerritories of India, it ranks30th and accounts for 0.09

percent of country's total population. Figure 1 showscomparative size of

population of States andUnion Territories in India as

per Census 2011.


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Documents

Chandigarh Presentation - LE CORBUSIER.pdf