CHANCELLORSVILLE

• First four days of May 1863• North led by Joseph Hooker• South led by Lee – outmaneuvered North and forced them to

retreat• Stonewall Jackson hit by friendly fire – died about a week later

GETTYSBURG• July 1, 1863 – Union and Confederate troops accidentally met at Gettysburg

• South heard there were shoes in the town

• Town was an important RR crossroad

• First day of battle• Union led by George Meade; South led by Robert E. Lee

• Union fell into a defensive position in the town

• Fishhook formation

• South surrounded Union forces

• Union outnumbered on first day

GETTYSBURG

• Second day of battle

• 90,000 Union and 75,000 Confederate troops

• Southern battle plan was to outflank the North on the southern end of fishhook

• At same time, South wanted to take the hills on the northern side of the fishhook

• After briefly taking some hills, the Southern troops were driven back at both locations

GETTYSBURG

• 3rd day of battle

• Lee ordered an artillery attack on the middle of the Union line

• Then he ordered George Pickett to lead his men on a charge into the line

• The Southern troops crossed and open field with no cover – almost created a breach in the line

• North fought them off – Southern charge was defeated

• North won the battle

• Over 50,000 casualties

• Lee abandoned hope of invading North

• Southern army would never recover from its losses

VICKSBURG

• One of the last southern strongholds on the Mississippi River

• Two attempts by Ulysses S. Grant and his men to take city; both failed

• Conducted a 6 week siege of city

• Steady barrage of artillery

• Cut off supplies

• People in city forced to live in caves for protection

• Forced to eat dogs and mules

• Surrendered July 4, 1863 (day after Gettysburg)

• Combined with Port Hudson 5 days later – gave Union control of the Mississippi R. and split South in two