Challenges to the New Government Chapter 9 Section 2

Challenges to the Challenges to the New GovernmentNew Government

Chapter 9Chapter 9

Section 2Section 2

9-2 Objectives9-2 Objectives

You will:You will: 1. Explain why Washington wanted to 1. Explain why Washington wanted to

secure the Trans- Appalachian West secure the Trans- Appalachian West

2. Analyze the causes and outcome of 2. Analyze the causes and outcome of The Battle of Fallen TimbersThe Battle of Fallen Timbers

9-2 Objectives9-2 Objectives

You will:You will:

3. Identify the reasons for the Whiskey3. Identify the reasons for the Whiskey

Rebellion.Rebellion.

4. Explain how Washington maintained4. Explain how Washington maintained

U.S. neutrality U.S. neutrality

Issues Faced by Issues Faced by Washington as PresidentWashington as President

1. 1. Problems in the WestProblems in the West competing claims on the landcompeting claims on the land

2. 2. Native American resistance to Native American resistance to

white settlements in the Northwest white settlements in the Northwest TerritoryTerritory

Battle of Fallen TimbersBattle of Fallen Timbers

Issues Faced by Issues Faced by Washington as PresidentWashington as President

33. . The Whiskey RebellionThe Whiskey Rebellion

4. French Revolution4. French Revolution Reign of TerrorReign of Terror

AGREEMENTSAGREEMENTS

Treaty of GreenvilleTreaty of Greenville

Jay’s TreatyJay’s Treaty

Pinckney TreatyPinckney Treaty

Neutrality ProclamationNeutrality Proclamation

Problems in the WestProblems in the West

Washington faces problems in the Trans-Washington faces problems in the Trans-Appalachian WestAppalachian West

(land between the Appalachian Mnt. & (land between the Appalachian Mnt. & Mississippi River)Mississippi River)


The The sourcesource of the trouble was of the trouble was competing competing claimsclaims on the land on the land

At one time Spain, England, Native At one time Spain, England, Native Americans, & the United States claimed the Americans, & the United States claimed the landland

Spain claimed Florida & the port of New Spain claimed Florida & the port of New OrleansOrleans


For American For American western settlers the portwestern settlers the port

of New Orleans was key to tradeof New Orleans was key to trade

Spanish threats to close the port of New Spanish threats to close the port of New OrleansOrleans was taken was taken veryvery seriously by seriously by

the American settlersthe American settlers


Spain caused trouble between the Spain caused trouble between the settlers & Native Americans in the settlers & Native Americans in the SoutheastSoutheast

Strongest resistance by NA to white Strongest resistance by NA to white settlement was in the Northwest Territorysettlement was in the Northwest Territory


Native Americans in the NW TerritoryNative Americans in the NW Territory

hoped to join together to form anhoped to join together to form an

Independent NA nationIndependent NA nation

The The BritishBritish (in the Ohio R. Valley) (in the Ohio R. Valley)

supported the Native Americanssupported the Native Americans..

muskets & gunpowder provided by Britishmuskets & gunpowder provided by British


Settlers pour into Northwest Territory in Settlers pour into Northwest Territory in 1790s1790s

Newcomers ignored treaties U.S. signed Newcomers ignored treaties U.S. signed with Indians of that regionwith Indians of that region


NativesNatives respond by respond by attacking settlersattacking settlers

Settlers strike backSettlers strike back / some time against / some time against wrong groupwrong group


1790 Miamis led 1790 Miamis led by Little Turtle by Little Turtle joined other tribes joined other tribes & drive settlers out & drive settlers out of areaof area


George Washington believed the NW George Washington believed the NW territory was critical to U.S. securityterritory was critical to U.S. security

Washington sent troopsWashington sent troops headed by headed by General Arthur St. Clair into the Ohio General Arthur St. Clair into the Ohio ValleyValley

Native Americans Native Americans defeat Gen. St. Clairdefeat Gen. St. Clair

Washington then Washington then appoints General appoints General (Mad (Mad

Anthony) WayneAnthony) Wayne

1794 1794 Gen. Wayne defeats NAGen. Wayne defeats NA led by Blue led by Blue Jacket at Jacket at Battle ofBattle of Fallen TimbersFallen Timbers

1795 Miamis & 11 other 1795 Miamis & 11 other tribes signtribes sign Treaty Treaty of Greenvilleof Greenville NA NA give up landgive up land

that later becomes southern Ohiothat later becomes southern Ohio

The Whiskey RebellionThe Whiskey Rebellion

Conflict arose over the Conflict arose over the government’s government’s taxtax on whiskeyon whiskey

Backcountry farmers resisted the tax Backcountry farmers resisted the tax


Crops such as corn wheat & rye were Crops such as corn wheat & rye were more easily carried to market in liquid more easily carried to market in liquid formform

Horse could carry 2 bushels of rye or 2 Horse could carry 2 bushels of rye or 2 barrels of whiskeybarrels of whiskey


Two barrels = 24 bushelsTwo barrels = 24 bushels


Farmers used whiskey as money to get Farmers used whiskey as money to get the supplies they neededthe supplies they needed

The Whiskey RebellionThe Whiskey RebellionThe Whiskey RebellionThe Whiskey Rebellion

Summer of 1794Summer of 1794

Farmers in western Pennsylvania Farmers in western Pennsylvania stage a The Whiskey Rebellionstage a The Whiskey Rebellion against against the taxthe tax

Summer of 1794Summer of 1794

Farmers in western Pennsylvania Farmers in western Pennsylvania stage a The Whiskey Rebellionstage a The Whiskey Rebellion against against the taxthe tax


Beat up a tax collector (Neville) coated him Beat up a tax collector (Neville) coated him with tar & featherswith tar & feathers


Farmers threatened an armed attack on Farmers threatened an armed attack on PittsburghPittsburgh

Washington was prepared to crush the Washington was prepared to crush the rebellionrebellion


October 1794October 1794

General William Henry Lee along w/ General William Henry Lee along w/ Hamilton led 13,000 troops into Western Hamilton led 13,000 troops into Western PaPa

The Rebels fledThe Rebels fled

OLIVER MILLER OLIVER MILLER HOMESTEAD South ParkHOMESTEAD South Park

Map of Whiskey Rebellion siteMap of Whiskey Rebellion site


Washington had showed that the Washington had showed that the government had the government had the power & the willpower & the will to to enforce its lawsenforce its laws

French RevolutionFrench Revolution

July 14,1789 July 14,1789

attack on French prison attack on French prison “The Bastille”“The Bastille” starts French Revolutionstarts French Revolution

Many Americans felt the U.S. should Many Americans felt the U.S. should support Lafayette a leading French support Lafayette a leading French reformerreformer

Reign of Terror

1793 – Louis XVI is beheaded & family

during the Reign of Terror tens of thousands of French citizens were executed

The violence divides opinions in U.S.


Nobles in Europe fear spread of Nobles in Europe fear spread of revolution revolution

Britain, Austria, Prussia, the Netherlands, Britain, Austria, Prussia, the Netherlands, & Spain sent armies to overpower & Spain sent armies to overpower revolutionariesrevolutionaries

Threatens to draw U.S. into the war Threatens to draw U.S. into the war


President Washington issues the President Washington issues the Neutrality ProclamationNeutrality Proclamation

it stated that the U.S. would not it stated that the U.S. would not support either side in the warsupport either side in the war

said no Americans could help either side said no Americans could help either side


British began seizing the cargos of U.S. British began seizing the cargos of U.S. ships carrying goods from French West ships carrying goods from French West IndiesIndies


Washington sends Washington sends John Jay for talks on John Jay for talks on seizing shipsseizing ships

Also to persuade Also to persuade Britain to give up Britain to give up forts on the forts on the Northwest frontier Northwest frontier


Washington sent Chief Justice John Jay Washington sent Chief Justice John Jay to England for talks about seizures of to England for talks about seizures of U.S. shipsU.S. ships

Jay also hoped to persuade the British to Jay also hoped to persuade the British to give up the forts on the Northwest frontiergive up the forts on the Northwest frontier


After the Battle of Fallen Timber the After the Battle of Fallen Timber the British agreed to leave the Ohio Valley by British agreed to leave the Ohio Valley by 17961796

British signed British signed Jay’s TreatyJay’s Treaty British agreed to pay for damage toBritish agreed to pay for damage to shipsships they seizedthey seized


Jay’s Treaty was unpopular because it Jay’s Treaty was unpopular because it did not open British West Indies trade to did not open British West Indies trade to AmericansAmericans


Thomas PinckneyThomas Pinckney

Reduced tensions on Reduced tensions on the frontierthe frontier

Spain gave Spain gave U.S. U.S. rights to travel rights to travel freely on the freely on the Mississippi RiverMississippi River


Gave Americans the right to store goods Gave Americans the right to store goods at the port of New Orleans w/o paying at the port of New Orleans w/o paying customs dutiescustoms duties

Spain accepted the 31Spain accepted the 31stst parallel as the parallel as the

northern border of Florida & southernnorthern border of Florida & southern

Boundary of the U.S.Boundary of the U.S.

Farewell AddressFarewell Address

1796 Washington announced he would 1796 Washington announced he would retire in his retire in his Farewell AddressFarewell Address

urged U.S. to avoid becoming urged U.S. to avoid becoming involved in European affairs to stay involved in European affairs to stay neutralneutral

also said to also said to avoid political partiesavoid political parties

What 4 critical decisions did What 4 critical decisions did President WashingtonPresident Washingtonmake?make?

Decision/ResultsDecision/Results

1.1.

2.2.

3.3.

4.4.

Explain TreatiesExplain Treaties

Treaty of GreenvilleTreaty of Greenville

Jay’s TreatyJay’s Treaty



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Challenges to the New Government Chapter 9 Section 2