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7/31/2019 Challenges & Oppurtunities
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Responding to Globalization Increased foreign assignments Working with people from different cultures Coping with anti-capitalism backlash Overseeing movement of jobs to countries
with low-cost labor Managing Workforce Diversity
Embracing diversity Changing U.S. demographics Implications for managers
Recognizing and responding to differences
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DomesticDomestic
PartnersPartners
RaceRace
Non-ChristianNon-Christian
NationalNational
OriginOrigin
AgeAge
DisabilityDisabilityGenderGender
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Intense focus on the customer.
Concern for continuous improvement.
Improvement in the quality ofeverything the organization does.
Accurate measurement. Empowerment of employees.
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Quality management (QM)The constant attainment of customer
satisfaction through the continuousimprovement of all organizational processes.
Requires employees to rethink what they do andbecome more involved in workplace decisions. Process reengineering
Asks managers to reconsider how work wouldbe done and their organization structured if
they were starting over. Instead of making incremental changes in
processes, reengineering involves evaluatingevery process in terms of its contribution.
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Improving People Skills
Empowering People
Stimulating Innovation and Change
Coping with Temporariness
Working in Networked Organizations
Helping Employees Balance Work/Life Conflicts
Improving Ethical Behavior
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Model
An abstraction of reality.A simplified representationof some real-world
phenomenon.
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x
y
Dependent variable
A response that is affected by an independent variable.
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ProductivityA performance measure thatincludes effectiveness andefficiency.
EffectivenessAchievement of goals.
Efficiency
The ratio of effectiveoutput to the inputrequired to achieve it.
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Absenteeism
The failure to report to work.
Turnover
The voluntary and
involuntary permanentwithdrawal from anorganization.
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Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB)
Discretionary behavior that is not part of an employees
formal job requirements, but that nevertheless promotesthe effective functioning of the organization.
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Job satisfaction
A general attitude toward ones job, the difference
between the amount of reward workers receive and theamount they believe they should receive.
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IndependentIndependentVariablesVariables
Individual-LevelIndividual-Level
VariablesVariables
OrganizationOrganization
System-LevelSystem-Level
VariablesVariables
Group-LevelGroup-Level
VariablesVariables
Independent variableThe presumed cause of some change in the dependentvariable.
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E X H I B I T 18