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Challenges of developing
new Small Scale LNG infrastructure
Source: Gate terminal
Presentation to UNECEGeneva, 20 January 2015
18/01/2015 UNECE IGU on LNG as Fuel 1
By: D.A. van Slooten
LNG new trends
• Offshore LNG:• Floating production (FPU),Floating storage (FSU), Floating production
& storage unit (FPSU), Single-mooring (gas)buoys, etc
• Onshore LNG:• Gravity based Receiving terminals, Cryogenic caverns
• Small Scale LNG:• Satellite terminals, LNG Transport trucks, Tankcontainers, Filling
stations
• LNG as Fuel:• Fuel: Trucks, trains, inland barges, port vessels, filling stations
• Bunkers: bunker stations, bunker barges
LIQUEFACTION EXPORT
TERMINALSPRODUCTION
SHIPPING
TECHNOLOGIES
LNG RECEIVING
TERMINALS
Small Scale& Fuel
UNECE IGU on LNG as Fuel18/01/2015 2
Importance of LNG in NW Europe
1.Declining domestic production is replaced by imports2. LNG offers increased security of supply 3. Gas for transport offers growth opportunities
UNECE IGU on LNG as Fuel18/01/2015 3
European traditional import model
in Jeopardy
UNECE IGU on LNG as Fuel18/01/2015 4
IMO: Emission control area’s: ECA’s
EU Directives:
Reduction of emissions from
the transportation industry
New
Old
97%86%71%78%67%Reduction (%)
0,10,51,01,01,5
3,53,53,54,54,5SOx (%)
200
8
200
9
201
0
201
1
201
2
201
3
201
4
201
5
201
6
201
7
201
8
201
9
202
0
202
1
202
2
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
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¯
ECA
World
78%
97%
4,5%
3,5%
1,5%
1,0%
0,5%
0,1%
SO
x(%
)
New
Old
97%86%71%78%67%Reduction (%)
0,10,51,01,01,5
3,53,53,54,54,5SOx (%)
200
8
200
9
201
0
201
1
201
2
201
3
201
4
201
5
201
6
201
7
201
8
201
9
202
0
202
1
202
2
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
ECA
World
78%
97%
4,5%
3,5%
1,5%
1,0%
0,5%
0,1%
SO
x(%
)
UNECE IGU on LNG as Fuel18/01/2015 5
LNG Fuel price differential
Gasoil
LNG
UNECE IGU on LNG as Fuel18/01/2015 6
LNG Fuel Challenges
Challenges ahead for downstream market penetration:
• Standard legislation and equipment standardisation;
• Safety training on how to handle liquid gasses to
maintain safety record;
• Engine management technology development;
• Incremental investments in port infra
• Incremental investments in engine rooms of vessels;
• Multiple of LNG operators requires extra Safety.
UNECE IGU on LNG as Fuel18/01/2015 7
Future: Hub- and Satellite terminals
LIQUEFACTION EXPORT
TERMINALSPRODUCTION
SHIPPING
TECHNOLOGIES
LNG RECEIVING
TERMINALS
Small Scale& Fuel
Hub terminal:
• Break Bulk & Re-export
(Ship, Truck)
• Bunker & Fuel supply
Satellite terminal:
• Redistribution in local
gasgrid
• Bunker & Fuel supply
LNG’s future:
Similar infrastructure as
downstream Oil products:
• Fuel supplies
• Fuel stations
• Bunker stations
AND
• Local gasdistribution in
local grid
UNECE IGU on LNG as Fuel18/01/2015 8
Picture: courtesy Tokyo Gas
Engineering
New small scale LNG Carriers
Remarks:
• facilitators for downstream market penetration of LNG to satellite terminals
• carrier capacity: 1,250 m3 - 16,000 m3 – initial small carriers since 2005
• tank type: semi pressurized / bullet-type (example by Kawasaki Shipbuilding.Co.)
• propulsion: diesel engine or dual fuel gas/diesel
7500 m3
2500 m3
LIQUEFACTION EXPORT
TERMINALSPRODUCTION
SHIPPING
TECHNOLOGIES
LNG RECEIVING
TERMINALS
Small Scale& Fuel
UNECE IGU on LNG as Fuel18/01/2015 9
Capacity 7,400 ton pa
Site area 3,200 m2
Storage capacity 3 x 100 m3
Send-out capacity 4 x 1 ton/hr
Typical small satellite (Onada – Yamaguchi Godo Gas)
Courtesy: Tokyo Gas Engineering
LIQUEFACTION EXPORT
TERMINALSPRODUCTION
SHIPPING
TECHNOLOGIES
LNG RECEIVING
TERMINALS
Small Scale& Fuel
UNECE IGU on LNG as Fuel18/01/2015 10
Dedicated Bunkerships is the future
LIQUEFACTION EXPORT
TERMINALSPRODUCTION
SHIPPING
TECHNOLOGIES
LNG RECEIVING
TERMINALS
Small Scale& Fuel
UNECE IGU on LNG as Fuel18/01/2015 11
LNG bunkering in Sweden
UNECE IGU on LNG as Fuel
Ferry on LNG in port of Stockholm 2014
LIQUEFACTION EXPORT
TERMINALSPRODUCTION
SHIPPING
TECHNOLOGIES
LNG RECEIVING
TERMINALS
Small Scale& Fuel
18/01/2015 12
Terminals reacted
relatively fast on market
demand for truckloading
1. replicate Norwegian
story for marine
2. Truckfilling and offgrid
(Spain)
3. New facilities in
Zeebrugge and
Rotterdam
LNG truckloads for NW Europe
UNECE IGU on LNG as Fuel
LIQUEFACTION EXPORT
TERMINALSPRODUCTION
SHIPPING
TECHNOLOGIES
LNG RECEIVING
TERMINALS
Small Scale& Fuel
18/01/2015 13
Dual fuel LNG propulsion in operation
The volume of future small scale LNG?
A big question!
LNG truck fuelling station Zwolle, Netherlands
Break-bulk Rotterdam
First movers are active!
UNECE IGU on LNG as Fuel18/01/2015 14
“Green River” initiative 2012
Green Deal:
LNG Rijn en WaddenSigned on the 5th of July 2012
Challenges for small scale LNG:
• Design of bunker barges;
• Design of river barges;
• Design of small LNG depots
• Modal split between water- and road
transport of LNG
UNECE IGU on LNG as Fuel18/01/2015 15
LNG Inland viable?
LIQUEFACTION EXPORT
TERMINALSPRODUCTION
SHIPPING
TECHNOLOGIES
LNG RECEIVING
TERMINALS
Small Scale& Fuel
Terminal experience end 2014:
• Shortsea hub logistics up and running @ 5.000-20.000 m3 parcels
• Truckloading hub logistics up and running @ 50/100 m3 parcels
• Meaning:• Physical available
• Robust: multiple physical assets
• Choice: multiple suppliers
• Competitive
• Bunkering hub logistics @ 100-5.000 m3 parcels under development
• LNG logistics is improving. Infrastructure still limited
• LNG is a great product but oil logistics are well established (competition)
• Still many safety, standardisation & technical compatibility issues
UNECE IGU on LNG as Fuel18/01/2015 16
Questions?
Source: Gate terminal
18/01/2015 UNECE IGU on LNG as Fuel 17
Thank you
VSC Hattem
D. A. van SlootenKoningin Emmalaan 2
8051 PD Hattem Tel: +31 38 444 0215
The Netherlands email: [email protected]
Source: Gate terminal
18/01/2015 UNECE IGU on LNG as Fuel 18
