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Ch.7 Expansion and Industrialization (1860-1914)

• By Matthew Pippin

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Formed when The Union Pacific and Central Pacific Railroad joined their

tracks at Promontory, Utah.• Transcontinental

Railroad.

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Westward expansion caused conflicts with Native Americans

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Conflicts with Native Americans that faugh against westward

expansion are called this.• Frontier Wars.

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Name given to 4 all black regiments, by Native Americans , that fought in the Frontier Wars

• Buffalo Soldiers.

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Battle where Sioux warriors surrounded and killed

General Custer and his men.

• Battle of Little Bighorn 1876

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Act passed by congress that dissolved the reservations and gave Indian families 160

acres to farm.

• Dawes Act

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Dance performed by the Sioux that they believed would bring back the buffalo and

remove the whites

• The Ghost Dance

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Massacre of Sioux leader Sitting Bull, and his people by U.S army.

• Massacre at Wounded Knee

• Army tried to arrest Sitting Bull

• Began when settlers feared the Sioux and their Ghost Dance.

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Process developed by Sir Henry Bessemer that improved the

production of steel.

• The Bessemer Process

• Bessemer, Alabama named after him

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Invented by John Deere in 1830’s it allowed people to work the land of

the midwest and plains.

• Steel Plow

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Used by farmers of the plains to pump water out of the ground.

• Wind mill

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Developed by Joseph Glidden, it allowed farmers to cheaply and

efficiently fence in land

• Barbed Wire

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Group of farmers that pooled their resources to purchase new equipment at better price.

• Grange

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Political party that formed in 1892 to address the concerns of the

farmers.

• The Populist Party

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Man responsible for sending the first telephone transmission.

• Alexander Graham Bell

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A company that is the only supplier in its particular industry.

• Monopoly

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Persons that become wealthy by exploitation and ruthlessness

• Robber barons• Ex. John Rockefeller,

Andrew Carnegie, and Cornelius Vanderbilt.

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Owned the Standard Oil Co. and created a monopoly in the oil industry by ensuring that his

company was the only supplier of oil.

• John D. Rockefeller

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Owned a steel company that controlled all phases of production

and forced out competition.

• Andrew Carnegie• Believed that wealthy

should help poor. He called this idea Gospel of Wealth.

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Owner of the New York Central railroad

• Cornelius Vanderbilt

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Famous labor union formed in 1881 to coordinate strikes in entire industries and lobby congress for

better working conditions.

• American Federation of Labor

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Act passed in 1882 that prohibited Chinese from immigrating to U.S.

• The Chinese Exclusion Act

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Movement that started during the 1890’s that developed in response to the growing corruption of

politicians by the forces of big business. • The Progressive

Movement

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Leading intellectuals during the Progressive Movement that wrote stories explaining the abuse

of big business on workers and consumers

• Muckrakers

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Book written by Upton Sinclair that exposed the miserable working conditions and poor food quality

of the meat packing industry.

• The Jungle

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Wrote The History of the Standard Oil Company(1904) that exposed the corruption

of Standard Oil.• Ida Tarbell

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Person who began the movement for Public education in the early 19

century.

• Horace Mann

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These amendment were known as the Progressive Amendments

• 16th-collect income tax

• 17th-people elect senators instead of state legislatures

• 18th-Prohibited the making and selling of alcohol

• 19-Women’s suffarage

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Progressive president who initiated reforms such as National Park

system.

• President Theodore Roosevelt

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Theodore Roosevelt’s verbal contract with the people to maintain

equality for people and business

• The Square Deal.

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After reading The Jungle, Theodore Roosevelt promoted this act to protect the

health of the U.S people.

• Food and Drug Act• (1906)

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Name given to Woodrow Wilson’s Progressive ideas and actions.

• New Freedom.• Goal was to insure

competition in the marketplace and at the same time keep government out of business.

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Wilson urged congress to est. this commission to investigate companies for

unfair business practices.

• Federal Trade Commission (FTC), (1914)

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Act passed by congress that was sponsored by Alabama congressman Henry De Lamar Clayton that made sure that businesses could not use antitrust laws to break up labor

unions.

• Clayton Antitrust Act• (1914)

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Movement of blacks from the south to cities of the north and west as a result of violence in the south by the KKK.

• Black Exodus

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Former slave that founded the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama.

• Booker T Washington• He believed the

answer to racial confrontation lie in vocational education and blacks entering in to the workforce.( Blue Collar Worker)

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One of Booker T. Washington’s students who discovered the many

uses of the peanut

• George Washington Carver

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First black Ph.D. graduate from Harvard Univ. and wrote several important papers attacking the

philosophy of Booker T. Washington

• W.E.B. Du Bois• Believed Blacks

should strive to gain jobs in the Clerical or professional fields. (White Collar Fields)

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Movement organized by W.E.B.Du Bois that outlined the agenda for

black progress in U.S.

• Niagara Movement.• Meet in Niagara,

Canada after being denied hotel accommodations in the U.S.

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Goals of Niagara Movement.

• 1. Equal economic and political opportunities for blacks

• 2. Ending of segregation

• 3. Ending discrimination in the court system, public facilities, and trade unions.

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Organization formed to help blacks gain equality and adopted the goals of

the Niagara Movement.

• National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

• (NAACP)

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1896 supreme court case ruling that said segregation was legal (separation of races), as

long as things were equal.• Plessy vs. Ferguson• Things were separate

but not equal.