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GSM GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE COMMUNICATION
GSM NETWORK ARCHITECTURE
BY: ENG. Waleed ElsafouryCopyright 2013 Waleed ElsafouryGSM NETWORK ARCHITECTURE GSM NETWORK ARCHITECTURE
GSM NETWORK ARCHITECTURE
GSM NETWORK ARCHITECTURE-The Mobile station (MS)
Modes of MSattacheddetachedIMSI de.Implicit de.idleactiveregistrationLA UpdatingpagingroamingOngoing callHandoverMonitoring power of neighboring BTSsMonitoring power & quality of its BTSTypes of MSsVehicle mounted MS Mounted to dashboard of vehicle. Antenna mounted on outside. More powerful.
Transportable MS Can be handheld. Antenna is not connected to handset.
Handheld MS Hand carried Antenna connected to handset. Pocket-sized. Can be vehicle mounted.GSM NETWORK ARCHITECTUREGSM NETWORK ARCHITECTURE-The Mobile station (MS)
1- Mobile equipment (ME)
it is the terminal used by user
Can be purchased from any store
Without SIM no calls can be made
It has an International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI)
IDENTITY NUMBERS
GSM NETWORK ARCHITECTURE 2- Subscriber identity module (SIM)
An electronic microchip for storing information
GSM NETWORK ARCHITECTURE 2- Subscriber identity module (SIM)
GSM NETWORK ARCHITECTURE 2- Subscriber identity module (SIM)
IDENTITY NUMBERS
IDENTITY NUMBERS
IDENTITY NUMBERS
IDENTITY NUMBERS
IDENTITY NUMBERS
GSM NETWORK ARCHITECTURE-The base station subsystem (BSS)
1- The Base Transceiver station (BTS)
BS contains the RF transmission equipment
Each cell has one BS
It has an International cell global Identity (CGI)
It performs Power amplification,channel coding, ciphering and modulation
GSM NETWORK ARCHITECTUREThe Site:
The TowerThe ShelterBase Transceiver station
GSM NETWORK ARCHITECTURE
Base Transceiver station
GSM NETWORK ARCHITECTUREBase Transceiver station
GSM NETWORK ARCHITECTURE
Site Controller (HIISC)CTU2Cooling FansPower Supply Units (PSU)Circuit Breaker Card (CBC)Alarm Board21Cooling fans: Two Fans - respond to temperature changes one fails the other compensate.
Tx BlocksPower SupplyBase Transceiver station
GSM NETWORK ARCHITECTUREBase Transceiver station
GSM NETWORK ARCHITECTUREBase Transceiver station
GSM NETWORK ARCHITECTUREGSM NETWORK ARCHITECTURE
GSM NETWORK ARCHITECTURE
GSM NETWORK ARCHITECTURE
GSM NETWORK ARCHITECTURE
GSM NETWORK ARCHITECTURE2- The base station controller (BSC)
-It carries out all control functions in the BSS as:
Paging
Channel allocation
Dynamic power control
Handover
Frequency hoppingThe base station controller (BSC)
BTSGSM NETWORK ARCHITECTUREThe base station controller (BSC)
BSCBTSRemote BTSCo-located BTSThe base station controller (BSC)
The base station controller (BSC)
The base station controller (BSC)
The base station controller (BSC)
BSS Link configurationGSM NETWORK ARCHITECTUREBTSBSCBTSBTSBTSBTS- CascadeBTSBSS Link configurationGSM NETWORK ARCHITECTUREBSCBTSBTSBTS- loopBSS Link configurationGSM NETWORK ARCHITECTUREBTSBSCBTSBTSBTSBTS- StarGSM NETWORK ARCHITECTURE3- The transcoding and rate adaptation unit (TRAU)
It is used for speech compression/decompression
Also adaptation of data to the requirement of the air interface MSCVLRBSC1616161664646464
1616161613TRAUTranscoding and rate adaptation unit
GSM NETWORK ARCHITECTURE - The Mobile service switching center (MSC)
-It is an electronic computerized exchange provides the interface between MS and the fixed network -It will not contain any subscriber parameters
Switching
Charging
call routing
Communication with HLR and VLR
Communication with other MSCs
Control of connected BSCs
Mobile Services Switching CentreGSM NETWORK ARCHITECTUREThe MSC is connected to:HLR (Home location register)VLR (Visitor location register)AUC (Authentication Center)EIR (Equipment identity register)
GSM NETWORK ARCHITECTUREHLR (Home location register)
The centralized database that stores and manages all mobile subscription parameters
HLR contains :
Subscriber identification numbers (IMSI,MSISDN)
Subscriber current location information (MSC/VLR)
Subscriber authentication information
Charging
Billing method
GSM NETWORK ARCHITECTUREHLR (Home location register)
GSM NETWORK ARCHITECTURE2. VLR (Visitor location register)
A temporary storage location for subscription information for MSs which are within MSC service area
VLR contains :
Mobile status (free, busy,etc)
Temporary MS identity (TMSI)
Temporary MS roaming number (MSRN)
Supplementary service informationGSM NETWORK ARCHITECTUREAuthentication - It is a processor system that performs the authentication function
AUCRANDDatabaseIMSI,KiA8A3RANDSRESKcTripletKiIMSITripletRequest for Triplet from HLR,VLRGSM NETWORK ARCHITECTUREAuthentication
GSM NETWORK ARCHITECTURE4. EIR (Equipment identity register)
As the subscriber and equipment are separate in GSM so we use a separate authentication process for MS equipment
EIR is a centralized database for validation of international mobile equipment identity (IMEI)
EIR contains 3 lists:
White list (for valid MS equipment)
Black list (for stolen or denied service MS)
Gray list (for mal-performance MS [e.g. faulty software] )
EIRBlack listWhite listGray listGSM NETWORK ARCHITECTURE
3-The Operation and maintenance center (OMC):-
A-The Operation and Maintenance Center for Radio part (BSS) (OMC-R)
B-The Operation and Maintenance Center for switching parts (OMC-S) GSM NETWORK ARCHITECTURE
- Geographic network areas
GSM NETWORK ARCHITECTURE
GSM NETWORK ARCHITECTURE
GSM NETWORK ARCHITECTURE
IDENTITY NUMBERS
GSM NETWORK ARCHITECTURE- Cell
IDENTITY NUMBERS
Vodafone 2G Coverage
Mobinil 2G Coverage