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8/2/2019 CH15_Humphrey-Everyday Forms of Dev. Beh.
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CHAPTER 15
Extreme Forms of EverydayBehaviors: Exercising, Working,
and Web Surfing
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Learning Objectives
After reading this chapter you should know
The nature, characteristics, and consequences of
extreme forms of everyday behaviors. The nature and characteristics of overworking and of
the overworked.
The nature and characteristics of computer andInternet addiction.
The nature and characteristics of extreme sports.
Some theoretical explanations of workaholism,computer addiction, and extreme sports participation.
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Types of Extreme Addictions
Workaholism. An addiction to work, the compulsionor the uncontrollable need to work incessantly.
Internet addiction disorder. Compulsive use of theInternet with evidence of disturbed and irritated
behavior when access is denied, including withdrawalsymptoms and the loss of emotional control; anemerging disorder suffered by people who find thevirtual reality on computer screens more attractivethan everyday reality.
Extreme sports. Forms of competitive andrecreational activities that range from high-risk,potentially life-threatening events to sports that testthe endurance of the participants.
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Machlowitzs Four Types of
Workaholics Dedicated workaholics
Integrated workaholics
Diffused workaholics
Intense workaholics
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Behavioral Patterns of Workaholics
Compulsive-dependent
Driven to work.
Unable to control their need to work incessantly.
Not working causes anxiety.
Perfectionist
Characterized by their need to be in control oftheir work situation as well as all other aspects oftheir lives.
Tends to be to be inflexible and rigid. Focuses on details, rules, and lists.
Often resort to aggressive and domineering tacticsto control the work of their colleagues
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Behavioral Patterns of Workaholics
(continued) Achievement-oriented
Have a strong desire for upward
occupational mobility. Strongly committed to their careers.
Highly competitive.
Driven by the need to succeed. Strive for excellence and recognition as
leaders in their fields.
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Robinsons Four Types of
Workaholics Relentless workaholic
Bulimic workaholic
Attention-deficit workaholic Savoring workaholic
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Characteristics of Workaholics
Workaholics have strong self-doubts.
Workaholics prefer labor to leisure.
Workaholics can, and do, work anytime andanywhere.
Workaholics make the most of their time.
Workaholics blur the distinctions betweenbusiness and pleasure.
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Overworking Patterns and Trends
One in four American workers report they areoften or very often burned out by theirwork and consider their jobs to be the worststressor in their lives.
Three in four Americans believe workerstoday suffer more on-the-job stress thanworkers a generation ago.
Work-related problems result in more illnessthan any other source of stress, more thanfinancial or family problems.
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Overworking Patterns and Trends
(continued) The average American works the equivalent
of an astonishing eight weeks a year longer
than the average western European. In Norway and Sweden, ordinary workers get
four to six weeks of vacation and up to a yearof paid parental leave.
The average Japanese businessperson takesonly half his or her paid holidays.
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Components of Internet Addiction
Excessive use
Withdrawal
Tolerance Negative repercussions
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Symptoms of Computer Addiction
Using the computer for pleasure, gratification,or relief from stress.
Feeling irritable and out of control ordepressed when not using it.
Spending increased amounts of time andmoney on hardware, software, magazines,
and computer-related activities. Neglecting work, school, or family obligations.
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Symptoms of Computer Addiction
(continued) Lying about the amount of time spent on
computer activities.
Risking loss of career goals, educationalobjectives, and personal relationships.
Failing at repeated efforts to control computeruse.
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Types of Internet Addiction
Cybersexual addiction
Cyberaffair/relational addiction
Net compulsions Information overload
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Internet Addiction Patterns andTrends About 7 in 10 office workers use the Internet for
personal reasons during work hours.
Internet addiction is particularly high among personswho suffer from depression, anxiety disorders, social
phobias, and other compulsive disorders. Cyber sex addiction, online affairs, and online gaming
are the most common forms of Internet addiction.
Children who are addicted to the Internet also aremore likely to suffer from depression, have school-related problems, and are more apt to developphysical illness and obesity.
ReStart, the first Internet addiction treatment centerin the United States opened in 2009 near the
headquarters of Microsoft.
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Definition of Extreme Sports
Contains an element of danger
Are individualistic attempts to master an
activity, often through unexpected or creativeways, with the individuals oftentimesinterested in breaking records or exceedingprevious limitations of human endeavor
Are closely connected to a young andalternative subculture
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Examples of Extreme Sports
Ultraman marathons
BASE jumping
Ironman Triathlon Eco-challenge
Race Across America
Rock climbing
Street-luge racing
Sky surfing Bungee jumping
Sky flying
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Zuckermans Sensation Seeking
Scale Form V (SSSV) Used to assess the willingness to participate in
nonconventional or high-risk behaviors.
Includes four subscales
Thrill and adventure seeking
Experience Seeking
Disinhibition
Boredom susceptibility
Individuals who engage in high-risk sports andathletic events typically score very high on the SSSV.
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Table 152Explanations of Extreme Forms of Everyday
Behavior
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Table 152 (continued)