CH1203 Industrial Pollu4on Preven4on and Controlbalasubramanian.yolasite.com/resources/Lecture 3a...Milling machine 112 Gas cung 96 Steam turbine (12,500 kW) 108 Rive4ng 95 27 Noise

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CH1203IndustrialPollu4onPreven4onandControl

BalasubramanianS

DepartmentofChemicalEngineeringSRMUniversity

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Sustainability

EnvironmentalRegula4ons

Pollu4on

Airpollu4oncontrolmethods

Principlesofwatertreatment

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2

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TopicsCovered

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Sustainability

EnvironmentalRegula4ons

Pollu4on

Airpollu4oncontrolmethods

Principlesofwatertreatment

1

2

3

4

5

TopicsCovered

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Pollu4on3

-  Defini4onofPollutantandPollu4on-  Classifica4onofPollu4on-  AirPollu4on

-  LandPollu4on-  NoisePollu4on

-  Standards

TopicsCovered

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Pollu4on3



-  Standards

TopicsCovered

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LandPollu4on

-  Whenwetalkaboutairorwaterpollu4onthereac4onsgarneredare

stronger.

-  Becauseweseetheeffectscausedbythepollutantsandtheirextentvery

clearly.

-  Itisnormalhumanphycologytobelieveinwhatyouseeatfirst?

-  Ourlandontheotherhandisalsopolluted.

-  Wemaynotseetheeffectswithclaritybutlandisbeingpollutedand

abused.

AboutlandPollu,on

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LandPollu4on

-  Landpollu4onmeansthedegrada4onordestruc4onofearth’ssurface

andsoil,directlyorindirectlyasresultofhumanac4vi4es.

-  Someoftheac4vi4esincludesthedevelopmentofci4esand

industrializa4on

-  Inotherwords,Anthropogenicac4vi4esthatlessensthequalityand/or

produc4vityoftheland

AboutlandPollu,on

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LandPollu4on

-  Theincreaseinnumberofbarrenlandplotsandthedecreasingnumberof

forestcoverisatanalarmingra4o.

-  Moreovertheextensionofci4esandtownsduetoincreasingpopula4on

leadstofurtherexploita4onoftheland

-  Duetolackofgreencover,thelandgetsaffectedinseveralwayslikesoil

erosionoccurswashingawaythefer4lepor4onsoftheland.Oreven

landsidearethebestexamples.

AboutlandPollu,on

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LandPollu4on

①  Deforesta4onandsoilerosion

②  Agriculturalac4vi4es

③  Miningac4vi4es

④  Overcrowdedlandfills

⑤  Industrializa4on

CausesoflandPollu,on

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LandPollu4on

①  Soilpollu4on

②  Distrac4onfortourists

③  Effectonwildlife

④  Humanhealth

⑤  Globalwarming

EffectsoflandPollu,on

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LandPollu4on

①  Soilpollu4on–theupperlayerofthesoilisdamagedbecauseof

overuseoffer4lizers,soilerosioncausedbyrunningwaterand

pes4cidesuse.

②  Distrac4onfortourists–citylossesitsafrac4onastourist

des4na4on.Becauselandfillsdonotlookgoodwhenyoumove

aroundthecity.


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LandPollu4on

③  Effectonwildlife–Animalshassufferedandtheyfaceaserious

threatwithregardstolossofhabitatandnaturalenvironment.The

constanthumanac4vityonthelandresultedinlandpollu4on;

forcingtheanimalstomovefurtherwayandadapttonewregions

ordietryingtoadjust.


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LandPollu4on

④  Humanhealth–Thelandwhencontaminatedwithtoxicchemicals

andpes4cidesleadstoproblemofskincancerandhuman

respiratorysystem.Toxicchemicalscanreachhumanbodythrough

foodsandvegetablesthatweeatastheyaregrowninapolluted

soil.


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LandPollu4on

⑤  Globalwarming–Whendeforesta4onleadstoasteepimbalancein

raincycle.Distributedraincyclesaffectsmanythings.Tostartwith

thegreencoverisreduced.TreesandplantshelpbalanceCO2

withoutthemwearefacingvariousproblemslikeglobalwarming

andthegreenhouseeffect,irregularrainfallandflashfloods.


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Pollu4on3



-  Standards

TopicsCovered

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Pollu4on3



-  Standards

TopicsCovered

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NoisePollu4on–What?

-  Soundisaformofenergywhichisemifedbyvibra4ngbodyandon

reachingearcausesthesensa4onofhearingthroughnerves.

-  Soundsproducedbyallvibra4ngbodiesarenotaudible

-  Thefrequencylimitsofaudibilityarefrom20Hzto20,000Hz

-  Anoiseproblemgenerallyconsistsofthreeinter-relatedelements

①  Source

②  Path

③  receiver

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Source Receiver

Path

-  Thetransmissionpathisusuallyatmospherethroughwhichthesound

ispropagated,butcanincludethestructuralmaterialsofanybuilding

containingthereceiver.

-  Ahealthyhumanearcanhearsoundfrequencyrangingfrom20Hzto

20,000Hz.

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Source Receiver

Path

-  Thetransmissionpathisusuallyatmospherethroughwhichthesound

ispropagated,butcanincludethestructuralmaterialsofanybuilding

containingthereceiver.

SourceBa

rrier

Receiver

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NoisePollu4on–Classifica,on

-  Noisemaybecon4nuousorintermifent(orperiodic)

-  Highfrequencyorlowfrequency

-  Soundsoffrequencieslessthan20Hzcalledasinfrasonics

-  Soundsoffrequenciesmorethan20,000Hzarecalledultrasonics

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NoisePollu4on–Measurement

-  DecibeldB

-  Frequency

Decibel–TheintensityofsoundismeasuredinSoundPressureLevel(SPL)and

commonunitisdB.

Thepressureexertedatapointduetoasoundproducingsourceis

calledsoundpressure.

Theambient(A)noiselevelsaremeasuredinweightedSPLand

abbreviatedasdB(A)

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IftheSPL,L1indBismeasuresatr1meters,thensoundpressurelevel,L2indb

atr2metersisgivenby

L2=L1–20log10(r2/r1) (a)

Ifthesoundlevelsaremeasuresintermsofpressure,thentheSPLisgivenby

Lp=20log10(P/Po)dB(A) (b)

Poisthereferencepressure

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Daynightequivalentambientnoiselevelscanbeexpressedas

Ldn,dB(A)=10log[1/24x(10Ld/10)+9/24(10Ln+10)/10)]

WhereLd=day-equivalentnoiselevels(from6AM–9PM)

Ln=night-equivalentnoiselevels(from9PM–6AM),dB(A)

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Frequencyanalysisofnoise

-  Frequencyanalysisallowsustoseparatemaincomponentsofsignalsby

dividingthefrequencyrangeofinterestintosmallerfrequencybandsusing

setoffilters.

-  Wemaydis4nguishnoisesorsoundthatconsistsofregularlyrepeatedor

periodicsoundsandthosethatconsistsodaperiodicsounds.

-  Thesimplestperiodicsoundispuretonei.e.apressuredisturbancethat

fluctuatessinusoidallyatapar4cularfrequency.

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NoisePollu4on–Sources

Lowerthefrequencylongerthewavelength

i.e.Wavelength=Velocityofsoundbyfrequency

Varioussourcesofnoise

①  Domes4c–momentofutensils,curng,hammering,peeling

vegetablesandsoon

②  Natural–shores,birds/animals,windmoment,sea4de,waterfalls,

treeleavesandsoon

③  Commercial

④  Industrial

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NoisePollu4on–Sources

Typicalnoiselevelofsomepointsources

Source Noiselevel(dB)

Aircompressors 95–104

110kVAdieselgenerator 95

Lathemachine 87

Millingmachine 112

Gascurng 96

Steamturbine(12,500kW) 108

Rive4ng 95

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NoisePollu4on–Measurementdevices

Equipment Areaofusageorapplica,ons

1.Soundlevelmeter Type–0Laboratoryreferencestandards

Type–1Labandfielduseinspecificcontrolledenvironment

Type–2Generalfielduse

Type–3Noisesurvey

2.Impulsemeters Formeasurementofimpulsenoiselevelse.ghammerblows

3.Frequencyanalyzers Fordetaileddesignandengineering

4.Noisedosimeters Usedtofindoutnoiselevelsinworkingenvironment

4.Graphicrecorders PlotsSPLasfunc4onof4meonmovingpaperchartafachedtosoundlevelmeter

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NoisePollu4on–Control

Thetechniquesemployedfornoisecontrolcanbebroadlyclassifiedas:

① Controlatsource② Controlinthetransmissionpath

③ Usingprotec4veinstruments

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①  Controlatsource–a)reducingnoiselevelsfromthedomes4csectors

b)maintenanceofautomobiles

c)controlovervibra4ons

d)lowvoicespeaking

e)prohibi4onofusageofloudspeakers

f)selec4onofmachinery

g)maintenanceofmachine

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②  Controlintransmissionpath

source –a)installa4onofbarriers

b)designofbuildingincorpora4ngtheuseofsuitable

noiseabsorbingmaterial

c)controlovervibra4ons

d)lowvoicespeaking

e)prohibi4onofusageofloudspeakers

f)selec4onofmachinery

g)maintenanceofmachine

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③  Useofprotec4veequipment'ssuchasearmuffsandearplugs

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NoisePollu4on–Effects

Someoftheadverseeffectsofnoiseonhumanandlivingorganismsare:

① Annoyance–theaperiodicsoundduetoirregularoccurrencescausesdispleasuretohearingandcausesannoyance.

② Physiologicaleffects–increasedheartbeatrateandbreathingamplitude

③ Lossofhearing–longexposuretohighsoundlevelscauseslossofhearing④ Workingperformance-theworkingperformanceoflaborswillbeaffectedas

theywilllosetheirconcentra4on.

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NoisePollu4on–Strategyforindustries

NoiseSurvey

Norisk

Reducenoiselevel

Noisereduc4onat

source

Interrupttransmission

pathIsolateperson Personalear

protec4on

Reduceexposure

Noiseafenua4ngrefuges

Joborienta4on

Noisehazardzone

Reduceworkinglife

Monitoringaudiometry

MonitoringAudiometry

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Standards

IndianStandardsfordrinking(or)potablewater.Thedetailsofpermissiblelimits

ofvariouscons4tuentsofwateraregivenintheBUREAUOFINDIANSTANDARD

hfp://bis.org.in/sf/fad/FAD25(2047)C.pdf

Thestandardprescribestherequirements,testmethodsandsamplingprocedureforascertainingthesuitabilityofwaterfordrinkingpurpose.

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Standards

IndianStandardsfordrinking(or)potablewater.Thedetailsofpermissiblelimits

ofvariouscons4tuentsofwateraregivenintheBUREAUOFINDIANSTANDARD

hfp://bis.org.in/sf/fad/FAD25(2047)C.pdf

Thestandardprescribestherequirements,testmethodsandsamplingprocedureforascertainingthesuitabilityofwaterfordrinkingpurpose.

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Standards

IndianStandardsfordrinking(or)irriga4onoragriculturewater.Thedetailsof

permissiblelimitsofvariouscons4tuentsofwateraregivenintheBUREAUOF

INDIANSTANDARD

hfps://law.resource.org/pub/in/bis/S06/is.11624.1986.pdf

Thisstandardprescribestheguidelinesforassessingthequalityofirriga4onwater.

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References

PaulL.Bishop(2000)Pollu4onPreven4onFundamentalsandPrac4ce,Mc.GrawHill.Pandey.G.NandCarney.G.C,“EnvironmentalEngineering”,TataMcGrawHill,NewDelhi,1989NoisePollu4onhfp://envfor.nic.in/downloads/public-informa4on/noise-pollu4on-rules-en.pdfhfp://discovery.bits-pilani.ac.in/dlpd/courses/coursecontent/coursematerial%5Cetzc362%5Cnoice_pollu4on_notes.pdf

Documents

CH1203 Industrial Pollu4on Preven4on and Controlbalasubramanian.yolasite.com/resources/Lecture 3a...Milling machine 112 Gas cung 96 Steam turbine (12,500 kW) 108 Rive4ng 95 27 Noise