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5/22/2018 Ch12 and 13._2012
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Intracellular compartments
and vesicular trafficing
Chapters 12 and 13
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2/58Figure 15-2 Essential Cell Biology ( Garland Science 2010)
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3/58Table 15-1 Essential Cell Biology ( Garland Science 2010)
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MEMBRANE-ENCLOSED ORGANELLES
Eucaryotic Cells Contain a Basic Set of Membrane-enclosed
OrganellesMembrane-enclosed Organelles Evolved in Different Ways
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5/58Table 15-1 Essential Cell Biology ( Garland Science 2010)
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6/58Table 15-2 Essential Cell Biology ( Garland Science 2010)
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MEMBRANE-ENCLOSED ORGANELLES
Eucaryotic Cells Contain a Basic Set of Membrane-enclosed
OrganellesMembrane-enclosed Organelles Evolved in Different Ways
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8/58Figure 15-3 Essential Cell Biology ( Garland Science 2010)
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9/58Figure 15-4 Essential Cell Biology ( Garland Science 2010)
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PROTEIN SORTING
Proteins Are Imported into Organelles by Three MechanismsSignal Sequences Direct Proteins to the Correct CompartmentProteins Enter the Nucleus Through Nuclear PoresProteins Unfold to Enter Mitochondria and ChloroplastsProteins Enter the Endoplasmic Reticulum While BeingSynthesizedSoluble Proteins Are Released into the ER LumenStart and Stop Signals Determine the Arrangement of aTransmembrane Protein in the Lipid Bilayer
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11/58Figure 15-5 Essential Cell Biology ( Garland Science 2010)
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PROTEIN SORTING
Proteins Are Imported into Organelles by Three MechanismsSignal Sequences Direct Proteins to the Correct CompartmentProteins Enter the Nucleus Through Nuclear PoresProteins Unfold to Enter Mitochondria and ChloroplastsProteins Enter the Endoplasmic Reticulum While BeingSynthesizedSoluble Proteins Are Released into the ER LumenStart and Stop Signals Determine the Arrangement of aTransmembrane Protein in the Lipid Bilayer
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13/58Table 15-3 Essential Cell Biology ( Garland Science 2010)
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14/58Figure 15-6 Essential Cell Biology ( Garland Science 2010)
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PROTEIN SORTING
Proteins Are Imported into Organelles by Three MechanismsSignal Sequences Direct Proteins to the Correct CompartmentProteins Enter the Nucleus Through Nuclear PoresProteins Unfold to Enter Mitochondria and ChloroplastsProteins Enter the Endoplasmic Reticulum While BeingSynthesizedSoluble Proteins Are Released into the ER LumenStart and Stop Signals Determine the Arrangement of aTransmembrane Protein in the Lipid Bilayer
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16/58Figure 15-8 Essential Cell Biology ( Garland Science 2010)
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17/58Figure 15-9 Essential Cell Biology ( Garland Science 2010)
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18/58Figure 15-10 Essential Cell Biology ( Garland Science 2010)
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PROTEIN SORTING
Proteins Are Imported into Organelles by Three Mechanisms
Signal Sequences Direct Proteins to the Correct CompartmentProteins Enter the Nucleus Through Nuclear PoresProteins Unfold to Enter Mitochondria and ChloroplastsProteins Enter the Endoplasmic Reticulum While BeingSynthesizedSoluble Proteins Are Released into the ER LumenStart and Stop Signals Determine the Arrangement of aTransmembrane Protein in the Lipid Bilayer
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Figure 15-11 Essential Cell Biology ( Garland Science 2010)
TOM
complex
TIM complex
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PROTEIN SORTING
Proteins Are Imported into Organelles by Three Mechanisms
Signal Sequences Direct Proteins to the Correct CompartmentProteins Enter the Nucleus Through Nuclear PoresProteins Unfold to Enter Mitochondria and ChloroplastsProteins Enter the Endoplasmic Reticulum While BeingSynthesizedSoluble Proteins Are Released into the ER LumenStart and Stop Signals Determine the Arrangement of aTransmembrane Protein in the Lipid Bilayer
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Figure 15-13 Essential Cell Biology ( Garland Science 2010)
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PROTEIN SORTING
Proteins Are Imported into Organelles by Three Mechanisms
Signal Sequences Direct Proteins to the Correct CompartmentProteins Enter the Nucleus Through Nuclear PoresProteins Unfold to Enter Mitochondria and ChloroplastsProteins Enter the Endoplasmic Reticulum While BeingSynthesizedSoluble Proteins Are Released into the ER LumenStart and Stop Signals Determine the Arrangement of aTransmembrane Protein in the Lipid Bilayer
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Figure 15-15 Essential Cell Biology ( Garland Science 2010)
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PROTEIN SORTING
Proteins Are Imported into Organelles by Three Mechanisms
Signal Sequences Direct Proteins to the Correct CompartmentProteins Enter the Nucleus Through Nuclear PoresProteins Unfold to Enter Mitochondria and ChloroplastsProteins Enter the Endoplasmic Reticulum While BeingSynthesizedSoluble Proteins Are Released into the ER LumenStart and Stop Signals Determine the Arrangement of aTransmembrane Protein in the Lipid Bilayer
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Figure 15-16 Essential Cell Biology ( Garland Science 2010)
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Figure 15-17 Essential Cell Biology ( Garland Science 2010)
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VESICULAR TRANSPORT
Transport Vesicles Carry Soluble Proteins and Membrane
Between CompartmentsVesicle Budding Is Driven by the Assembly of a Protein CoatVesicle Docking Depends on Tethers and SNAREs
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Figure 15-18 Essential Cell Biology ( Garland Science 2010)
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VESICULAR TRANSPORT
Transport Vesicles Carry Soluble Proteins and Membrane
Between CompartmentsVesicle Budding Is Driven by the Assembly of a Protein CoatVesicle Docking Depends on Tethers and SNAREs
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Figure 15-19a Essential Cell Biology ( Garland Science 2010)
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Figure 15-20 Essential Cell Biology ( Garland Science 2010)
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Table 15-4 Essential Cell Biology ( Garland Science 2010)
COP Ibud from golgi compartments
COP IIbud from ER
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VESICULAR TRANSPORT
Transport Vesicles Carry Soluble Proteins and Membrane
Between CompartmentsVesicle Budding Is Driven by the Assembly of a Protein CoatVesicle Docking Depends on Tethers and SNAREs
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Figure 15-21 Essential Cell Biology ( Garland Science 2010)
Rab1ER and golgi
Rab2cis Golgi
Rab3Asynaptic vesicles
Rab4/rab11 recycling endosomes
Rab5Aplasma membrane, clathrin
coated vesicles, early endosomesRab5Cearly endosomes
Rab6medial and trans Golgi cisternae
Rab7late endosomes
Rab8early endosomes
Rab9late endosomes, trans Golgi
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Figure 15-22 Essential Cell Biology ( Garland Science 2010)
Botulinum toxin
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SECRETORY PATHWAYS
Most Proteins Are Covalently Modified in the ER
Exit from the ER Is Controlled to Ensure Protein QualityThe Size of the ER Is Controlled by the Amount of Protein thatFlows Through ItProteins Are Further Modified and Sorted in the Golgi ApparatusSecretory Proteins Are Released from the Cell by Exocytosis
Gl l i
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Figure 15-23 Essential Cell Biology ( Garland Science 2010)
Started in ER,
finished in
Golgi
Glycosylation
on asparagine
residues
Dolichol holds
oligo in ER
lumen
Oligosacchary
l transferase
Glycosylation
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SECRETORY PATHWAYS
Most Proteins Are Covalently Modified in the ER
Exit from the ER Is Controlled to Ensure Protein QualityThe Size of the ER Is Controlled by the Amount of Protein thatFlows Through ItProteins Are Further Modified and Sorted in the Golgi ApparatusSecretory Proteins Are Released from the Cell by Exocytosis
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SECRETORY PATHWAYS
Most Proteins Are Covalently Modified in the ER
Exit from the ER Is Controlled to Ensure Protein QualityThe Size of the ER Is Controlled by the Amount of Protein thatFlows Through ItProteins Are Further Modified and Sorted in the Golgi ApparatusSecretory Proteins Are Released from the Cell by Exocytosis
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Figure 15-25 Essential Cell Biology ( Garland Science 2010)
Unfolded protein
response:
upregulation of genesinvolved in protein
folding
ER chaperones,
proteins involved in
retrotranslocationand protein
degradation
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SECRETORY PATHWAYS
Most Proteins Are Covalently Modified in the ER
Exit from the ER Is Controlled to Ensure Protein QualityThe Size of the ER Is Controlled by the Amount of Protein thatFlows Through ItProteins Are Further Modified and Sorted in the Golgi ApparatusSecretory Proteins Are Released from the Cell by Exocytosis
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Figure 15-26 Essential Cell Biology ( Garland Science 2010)
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SECRETORY PATHWAYS
Most Proteins Are Covalently Modified in the ER
Exit from the ER Is Controlled to Ensure Protein QualityThe Size of the ER Is Controlled by the Amount of Protein thatFlows Through ItProteins Are Further Modified and Sorted in the Golgi ApparatusSecretory Proteins Are Released from the Cell by Exocytosis
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Figure 15-27 Essential Cell Biology ( Garland Science 2010)
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Figure 15-28 Essential Cell Biology ( Garland Science 2010)
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ENDOCYTIC PATHWAYS
Specialized Phagocytic Cells Ingest Large Particles
Fluid and Macromolecules Are Taken Up by PinocytosisReceptor-mediated Endocytosis Provides a Specific Route intoAnimal CellsEndocytosed Macromolecules Are Sorted in EndosomesLysosomes Are the Principal Sites of Intracellular Digestion
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Figure 15-32 Essential Cell Biology ( Garland Science 2010)
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ENDOCYTIC PATHWAYS
Specialized Phagocytic Cells Ingest Large Particles
Fluid and Macromolecules Are Taken Up by PinocytosisReceptor-mediated Endocytosis Provides a Specific Route intoAnimal CellsEndocytosed Macromolecules Are Sorted in EndosomesLysosomes Are the Principal Sites of Intracellular Digestion
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ENDOCYTIC PATHWAYS
Specialized Phagocytic Cells Ingest Large Particles
Fluid and Macromolecules Are Taken Up by PinocytosisReceptor-mediated Endocytosis Provides a Specific Route intoAnimal CellsEndocytosed Macromolecules Are Sorted in EndosomesLysosomes Are the Principal Sites of Intracellular Digestion
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Figure 15-33 Essential Cell Biology ( Garland Science 2010)
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ENDOCYTIC PATHWAYS
Specialized Phagocytic Cells Ingest Large Particles
Fluid and Macromolecules Are Taken Up by PinocytosisReceptor-mediated Endocytosis Provides a Specific Route intoAnimal CellsEndocytosed Macromolecules Are Sorted in EndosomesLysosomes Are the Principal Sites of Intracellular Digestion
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Figure 15-34 Essential Cell Biology ( Garland Science 2010)
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ENDOCYTIC PATHWAYS
Specialized Phagocytic Cells Ingest Large Particles
Fluid and Macromolecules Are Taken Up by PinocytosisReceptor-mediated Endocytosis Provides a Specific Route intoAnimal CellsEndocytosed Macromolecules Are Sorted in EndosomesLysosomes Are the Principal Sites of Intracellular Digestion
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Figure 15-35 Essential Cell Biology ( Garland Science 2010)
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Figure 15-36 Essential Cell Biology ( Garland Science 2010)
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Figure 15-27 Essential Cell Biology ( Garland Science 2010)
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9/24/12 CP: Chap 6- DNA to protein
s4- housekeeping genes (t-tubulin, actin) are always expressed. gene expression can be tested wit realtime PCR (done after transcription) and Western Blot (more per
s6- DNA-->RNA, start signals for gene expression is encoded in promotor( usually upstream(more 5') to a start codon of a gene, doesn't always have to be that way)
s8- CTD has a repeating tail 25-55 (tyr, ser, pro, thr, ser, pro, ser). once Pi it helps RNA P go down template
s9- supercoiling happens upstream ahead of RNA poly. if supercoiling isn't relieved then no DNA--> mRNA, cell will die: cancer cells with chemo.
s12- altern splicing of a gene ca result in diff mRNA sequences
s13- they are specific sequences that label introns and exons
s15- CBC- cab binding complex, rRNA comes from nucleolus, exosome starts at 3' end and start copping towards 5' (upstream), eILF- eukaryotic in linking factor
s16- start codon AUG (Meth), stop codon (UAA, UGG, UGA), assoc AA with letters and 3 letter
s19- clover leaf design. wobble is 3rd position (flexible) *1 and 2 tell what AA will be.
s22- 60s and 40s don't add up bc its a sedimentation factor. large and small unit made up of rRNA + protein.s23- synthesis and termination happens rapidly
s24- polyribosome. translating same protein just a different stages of translation
s25- common mech for antibiotics and. what drugs work on prokary, eukary or both?