Ch.10 Sect.1:Race,Ethnicity, and the Social Structure

What you will know…

• Race• Ethnicity• Minority Groups

Race • Racial categories, physical…

• 3 racial groups• Caucasoids• Mongoloids• Negroids• Difficult describing

complexity of race• “pure”• Race—

Ethnicity• Ethnicity—• Ethnic group—• Based on national

origin, religion…• How can it survive?• Jews• Ethnicity and race refer

to 2 separate sets of characteristics

• Examples

Minority Groups

• Those in power…• Language• Privileges• Minority group—• Nothing to do with

group size• Apartheid• 5 characteristics

Ch.10 Sect.2: Patterns of Intergroup Relations

What you will know…

• Discrimination and Prejudice• Sources of the discrimination and prejudice• Patterns of Minority Group Treatment

Discrimination & Prejudice

• Minority status exists because…

• Discrimination—• Behaviors• Prejudice• attitudes

Discrimination• Acts range from…• Lynching• Legal discrimination• Institutionalized disc.• Apartheid• US, women• African Americans• Separate-but-equal• Supreme Court laws

Institutionalized Discrimination

• Over time, unequal access to resources…

• Discrimination becomes part of social structure…

• Occurs even when legal steps taken to end it

Prejudice

• Stereotype—• People told often and

long enough…• Self-fulfilling prophecy• Serves as a justification

for discriminatory actions

• Racism—• Bigots and liberals, 4

kinds

Sociological Explanations

• Focus on social environment

• Prejudices are embedded in the social norms

• People become prejudiced to maintain their group membership

Psychological Explanations• Personality• Authoritarian

personality• They are strongly

conformist, great respect for authority,…

• Frustration and anger• Scapegoating • Why a scapegoat?

Physical features, language, dress, religion…

Economic Explanations

• Competition for scarce resources• Chinese workers example• Open violence• Dominant group encourages competition for

resources among minority groups• In struggle for jobs, minority groups…

Cultural Pluralism

• Cultural pluralism—• Switzerland example

Assimilation

• Hold onto unique cultural features

• “melting pot”• Assimilation—• Bulgaria example

Legal Protection

• Civil Rights Act of 1964• Voting Rights Act of

1965• Affirmative action• “reverse discrimination”

Segregation

• Segregation—• De Jure• De Facto• Ghettos• Did segregation exist in

the US?

Subjugation/Population Transfer

• Subjugation—• Slavery—• Apartheid

• Indirect Transfer• Direct Transfer• Examples

Extermination

• Genocide• Anti-Semitism• Pogrom• Holocaust• How many died?• Other examples• Ethnic cleansing—• Serbia