Ch.9 - Cell Division & Mitosis NOTE: *’d questions are optional (+ ½ bonus point for each complete answer)

1. Define the following root words: a) Chrom b) Some/soma

c) Cyto- d) Kine-

e) Pro- f) Telo

g) Ana- h) Aster, astr-

2. Versions of Chromosomes (9.1) a) What is the difference between chromosomes & chromatin? b) What is the difference between a chromosome and a chromatid? 3. Chromosome Structure & Position labeling (9.1): →

a) cell b) chromosome c) histone d) pair of nitrogen bases e) DNA f) centromere g) nucleus

4. Cell Cycle labeling (9.2): (Note that there will be some overlap) ↓ a) S1 b) S2 c) G d) cytokinesis e) mitosis f) interphase g) Label the 3 “hurdles”. (You must figure out what they

are…)

5. Cell cycle (9.2): Briefly describe what occurs in the steps labeled a, b & c in question 4. 6. Cytokinesis (9.4): Use the terms cleavage furrow and cell plate to briefly describe the difference between cytoplasmic division in animal and plant cells. 7. Henrietta Lacks (9.5): Who was Henrietta, and why are her cells HeLa cool? 8. Phases of Mitosis (9.3): On the second page you

will find diagrams of the phases of mitosis. (Note that Prophase is allotted TWO images.) a) Label the phases b) Label the important structures (e.g. spindle fibers, chromosomes, etc.) c) Briefly describe the important steps in each phase.

Bridging the gap between Mitosis (Ch.9) and Meiosis (Ch.10) (See chapter 10 for most answers) 9. Describe the difference between the following pairs of terms:

a) sexual reproduction, asexual reproduction b) gamete, somatic cell c) haploid, diploid d) purpose of mitosis, purpose of meiosis *e) meiosis, fertilization

*f) meiosis I, meiosis II *g) oogenesis, spermatogenesis *h) sporophyte, gametophyte *i) homologous chromosomes, sister

chromatids

Pages 1-2 Due Thursday, October 5

Diagrams for question #8

Pages 3-4 Due Friday, October 6

Mitosis/Meiosis Comparison Practice (Ch.9-10)

10. FYI – We’ll take notes on this in class.

Mitosis (everywhere) Meiosis (Males) Meiosis (Females)

11. For each of the following statements, write I for mitosis or E for meiosis.

a. _______ Four new cells are formed from each original.

b. _______ This process makes sperm cells.

c. _______ Two new cells are formed from each original.

d. _______ New skin cells are made this way.

e. _______ This type of cell reproduction helps you grow.

f. _______ This makes cells with half the original cell chromosome number.

g. _______ This makes cells with the same chromosome number as the original.

12. For each of the following statements, write S for sperm, E for egg, or B for both

a. ______ Formed by meiosis

b. ______ Formed by male

c. ______ Formed by female

d. ______ Needed for fertilization

e. ______ One formed from original cell because three die

f. ______ Four formed from original cell

g. ______ Larger of the sex cells

h. ______ Has “tail” and can “swim”

i. ______ Contains more cytoplasm and needed chemicals

j. ______ Human kind has 23 chromosomes

13. Put these vocabulary words next to their descriptions. Each will be used once. •Testes, Ovaries, Both (testes and ovaries, that is), Fertilization, & Chromosomes

a. _________________________ Parts in the nucleus that control hereditary traits

b. _________________________ Produce sex cells

c. _________________________ The joining of a sperm and egg

d. _________________________ Sex organs in a male

e. _________________________ Sex organs in a female 14. Fill in the chart below, comparing some of the main parts of mitosis & meiosis:

Mitosis Meiosis Cell type of parent cell

(i.e. diploid or haploid)

Number of daughter cells produced

Type of daughter cells (i.e. somatic or gamete)

Number of steps of cell division

Genetic relationship of daughter cells to parent (i.e. identical or not)

Is there any exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes? (Yes or No)

15. Examine this chart of the number of chromosomes in various types of cells. Fill in the missing numbers

based on the information given. You may find it useful to refer to the terms used in the chapter.

Organism Somatic cell Gamete Haploid Diploid Zygote

Human 46 23

Cat 38 19

Onion 16 16

Rye 14

Guinea Pig 32

Chicken 39 16. Why is it necessary to reduce the number of chromosomes in gametes to one-half?

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