CH02 Action

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Chapter 2

Action at an Emergency

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Lesson Objectives (1 of 2)

Identify steps for surveying the scene.

Discuss the importance of determining the

mechanism of injury.

Describe how to access victims in the followingsituations: water rescue, ice rescue, self rescue,electrical emergency rescue

Explain what to do when responding to a motorvehicle crash or wildland fire.

Describe how to approach a situation involvinganimals.

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Lesson Objectives (2 of 2)

Explain the procedure for helping a person

trapped in a confined space.

Identify procedures for moving injured victims.

Identify procedures for extricating an injured

person from a difficult location.

Explain how to seek help during an emergency. List the guidelines for evacuation.

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Approaching a Victim

Conduct a 10-second scene survey.

Try to determine the cause of any injuries. Mechanism of injury can help to determine

extent or suspect hidden injuries.

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Mechanisms of Injury (1 of 2)

Mechanism of injury will help you

understand injury and its severity. Most injuries involve impact between a

moving object and another moving object

or a stationary object.

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Mechanisms of Injury (2 of 2)

Consider questions such as:

What was the distance of the fall? What direction and on what body part did the

forces act?

Are internal injuries likely?

Is a spinal injury likely?

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Getting to Victims

Never attempt a rescue unless it can be

accomplished without endangering therescuers.

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Water Rescue

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Ice Rescue

For victims near shore, extend a pole or throw

a line with a floating object attached.

For victims far from shore, lie flat and push a

ladder, plank, or tree limb out to victim.

Victims should attempt to get upper body onto

the surface of the ice and lie flat.

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Electrical Emergency Rescue (1 of 2)

Mild electrical shocks can cause serious injury or

death.

Low voltage (inside buildings): Turn off power.

High voltage (power lines): If you feel a tingling

sensation,

STOP Turn around, raise one foot, and hop to safety.

Wait for trained personnel.

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Electrical Emergency Rescue (2 of 2)

Power line over a vehicle:

Driver and all passengers should remain insidethe vehicle.

Instruct passengers to fold their arms and not

to touch the inside of the vehicle.

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Motor Vehicle Crashes (1 of 2)

Legal obligation in most states to stop and

help if you are personally involved in amotor vehicle crash

No legal obligation to stop and offer

assistance when you come upon a crash

after it happens. Morally, you should stop and offer assistance,

if needed.

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Motor Vehicle Crashes (2 of 2)

What to do

Stop your car in a safe place and turn on hazard lights.

Enter the vehicle through a door, if possible.

If doors are jammed, ask someone inside to roll down

a window.

Stabilize the head and neck of unresponsive victims

and those who might have spinal injury.

Look and feel for injuries.

Treat life-threatening injuries.

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Wildland Fires (1 of 2)

Fire requires heat, oxygen, and fuel.

Be aware of hazards.

Safety depends on LCES principles:

Lookouts

Communication

Escape routes

Safety zones

Watch for changes.

Plan your escape and safety zones.

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Wildland Fires (2 of 2)

What to do

Get everyone out and call for help. Use a fire extinguisher only if the fire is small

and the escape route is clear.

Throw water on burn victims.

Remove burning clothing from victims ifpossible to do so safely.

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Animals (1 of 3)

Approach all animalswith caution.

Large animals mightnot retreat fromhumans.

Small animals can be

unpredictable. Be aware ofpotentially dangerousanimals in the area.

AbleStock

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Animals (2 of 3)

When threatened by an animal:

Do not stare at the animal. Back away slowly.

Speak quietly.

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Animals (3 of 3)

When an animal attacks:

Use food to lure animal away from victim. If animal backs off, move victim away.

In general, fight back.

In bear country, make noise as you travel and

be cautious of mother bears with cubs.

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Confined Spaces

Call for help. Activate EMS.

Do not become a victim yourself. Try to rescue victim without entering the

space.

Administer CPR or first aid, if necessary.

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Moving a Victim (1 of 3)

Move unstable victims only if:

There is immediate danger. It is impossible to gain access to other victims.

The victim's heart has stopped.

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Emergency moves

Protect the spine. Use a shoulder drag

to move a victim a

short distance over

rough terrain.

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Nonemergency

moves One-person moves

Two-or-more-

person moves

Stretcher or litter

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Extrication From Difficult

Locations

Should not be attempted by one person or by

groups who do not know what they are doing.

Four to six experienced rescuers are needed to

move victim safely.

Lay victim flat on back; support head and neck,

shoulders, and hips.

Move the victim in stages.

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Seeking Help (1 of 2)

Know how to contact local rescue group,sheriff, or police.

When faced with an emergency, STOP: Stop and calm yourself. Do not panic.

Think about the problem and proper course ofaction.

Observe the situation.

Plan course of action and coordinate with otherrescuers.

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Seeking Help (2 of 2)

Give EMS appropriate information:

Victims location Your name, victims name, family contacts

Nature of emergency

Number of victims

Victims condition Conditions that may affect rescue efforts

Information about where you can be contacted

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Guidelines for Evacuation

The victims health or survival may depend on

your ability to move him or her from the scene.

Know the conditions that necessitate evacuation.

Documents

CH02 Action