Ch. 9: The Expansion of Trade & Religion in South and Southeast

Asia – Part 1

Questions

• What was the silk road?• How and why did Buddhism spread through

South East Asia?• How and why did Buddhism Transform ?• Why did Buddhism decline in India?• When did the Indians become Hindu?• What led to the growth of Islam in India?

Identifications

• Kanishka• Spread of Buddhism• Gupta Dynasty• Theravada• Mahayana• Hinduism• Puja

• Sikhism• Bodhisattvas• Rajputs• Saladin• Crusades

Figure 9-1 p241

Kushan Kingdom(Afghanistan)

150 BCE - 320 CE

Center of TradeIntermediary between Rome-China Trade

Silk Road

How did Buddhism Spread?

• Kushan Monarch, Kanishka, 2nd C C.E.– Merchants & Missionaries– Bamiyan

• Gupta Dynasty

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Bamiyan (modernDay Kabul, Afghanistan

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Figure 9-2 p243

Gupta Dynasty,320 CE

Raja ChandraguptaCapital: Pataliputra

“Golden Age” or Classical Period

• Raja Samudragupta

• Trade regulated by government

• Private sector of Jati Guilds

• Barter & Money System

Figure 9-3 p244

Changes of Buddhism

Pre-Gupta• Nirvana – abstract

concept• Siddhartha – Sage• Classes are equal

Gupta• Nirvana – vision of heavenly

salvation• Siddhartha – divinity• Closer to Nirvana than

others – reinforced class difference

How did Buddhism Transform?Theravada Mahayana

“Teachings of the Elders

Greater Vehicle”

• a way of life• Strict adherence to

personal behavior• Bodhisattva

Siddhartha Only

Salvationist Creed

Nirvana - devotionBodhisattva for All

Why did Buddhism Decline?

• Denial of a soul – counter to traditional beliefs• Rejection of class divisions • Emphasized individual path• Development of Hinduism

– Initially an elitist tradition of the Brahmin class– Transformed to appeal to the masses

When did Indians become Hindu?

• Muslim Rule 1st Millennium CE• British Colonial Rule• Puja

– Populist tradition focused on personal worship and achievement of individual goals

– Influence of egalitarian nature of Buddhism– Brahmanism transformed into a religion of the

majority

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Mamallapuram Shore Temple

Revival ofHindu Faith8 C CE

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Dancing Shiva

• 12 CE• Kingdom of Chola• Lost Wax Technique

Figure 9-4 p248

Arrival

of

Islam

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Kutub Minar,1192, Mosque over a Hindu Temple, Delhi

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The Delhi Sultanate

• 1192 – Muslim rule at Delhi

• 997 Mahmud expanded Kingdom

• 1200 – All of Northern India

• 1320- Tughlug Dynasty – Deccan Plateau

Figure 9-5 p250

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Samarkand, gem of Empire

• Originated 1 Mill. BCE – Caravan stop along the Silk Road

• Tamerlane, Mongol Khanate, Capital• 1398 - 1405

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Art & architecture of India

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