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Communicative Language Teaching
Introduction
● Vocabulary and structure are important, but not enough for communication
● Communicative competence (Hymes, 1971): knowing when and how to say what to whom.
● In reaction to Chomsky’s linguistic competence. Linguistic competence doesn’t justify social and functional rules of the language.
● To enable students to communicate in the target language
Principles
● Authentic language in real context:sports columns from a recent newspaper.
● Language: a vehicle for communication, not the object of study (language for communication).
● Language use at higher levels (supra sentential, text or discourse level).
● Opportunities for self expression
Principles
Errors as natural outcome of development of communication skills. Establishment of situations to promote communication.Cooperation and team work as a chance to negotiate meaning.
Principles
● Role play as an example of social context (language for communication)
● Language forms with respect to social communicative norms (talking to your boss vs. talking to your colleague)
● A choice about what to say (linguistic competence) and how to say (communicative one).
Principles
● Grammar and vocabulary from functions, situational context and roles.
Communicative Activities
Three features (Johnson and Morrow, 1981)● Information gap● Choice● Feedback
Techniques
● Authentic materials● Scrambled sentences● Language games● Picture strip Story● Role-play
Questions for Discussion
● Do the principles of CLT make sense to you?● Should authentic language materials be
used in the classroom?● What are your concerns when applying CLT
in your teaching?