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8/9/2019 Ch. 8 Indian Empires
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Indian Empires
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Geography
Subcontinent
Isolated, but not as much as
China
Himalayan Mts. (Kyber
pass
Indus and Ganges ri!ers
Indian "cean
Monsoons# good $or crops
but could also beunpredictable and
destructi!e (sounds li%e
&hat'
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e$ore the Empires ()** .C.E.
+i!erse peoples# go!ernment and
economy di$$ered $rom place to place
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ryans (-edic ge
$terduring the collapse o$ the Indus -alley, a group o$people %no& as the ryans mo!e in (c. /0** .C.E.
1here are they $rom'
Spo%e an Indo#ryan language
1arli%e "riginally nomadic# learn agriculture $rom +ra!idians
Set up a social hierarchy &ith themsel!es at the top
rayas2 3noble4
3In$iltrate4 Indian culture but do not create an empire
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Created literary epics
5ater &ritten in Sans%rit (originally oral only
Called the -edas (%no&ledge
"ther stories (Epic ge6
Mahabharata
7amayana
8panishads (epic poems
9hese are the roots o$ Indian Culture
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Caste System
ecause the ryans regarded the peoplethey con;uered as in$erior
Castes (Jatis# by occupation
rahmins (priests
Kshatriyas (&arriors
-aishyas (Merchants
Shudras (ser!erslaborers (an (out#caste
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8ntouchables
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Castes &ere hereditary
Most rigid social structure o$
an early ci!ili?ation
@ossible to change caste'
ased on -edic ge &ritings
"!er time becomes more
rigid and comple:
+i$$ered $rom region toregion
@urpose o$ Caste system'
ene$its o$ the Caste
system'
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Airst Empires
B** .C.E# India not yet uni$ied (/B
&arring states
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Maurya rulers created a strong centralMaurya rulers created a strong central
government. These rulers:government. These rulers:
The Maurya Empire
supervised the building of roads
and harbors. collected taxes and managed state-owned factories.
created royal courts.
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sho%a# 9he Most Honored King
sho%a &as Chandraguptas grandson
Starts o$$ ruthless
Con!erts to uddhism Sends missionaries
@illars
Impro!ed trade and communicationDstability
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+escribe the rise and importance o$ the
Mauryan Empire. (
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9h G
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9he Guptas
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e o en ge o eGuptas
Under the Guptas, India enjoyed aUnder the Guptas, India enjoyed aperiod of great cultural achievement.period of great cultural achievement.
2
!edicine"octors treated illnesses with
herbs# performed surgery# set
bro$en bones# and vaccinatedagainst smallpox. %ould not&
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e o en ge o eGuptas
Under the Guptas, India enjoyed aUnder the Guptas, India enjoyed aperiod of great cultural achievement.period of great cultural achievement.
2
!athematics!athematicians invented
system of numbers we use
today '(rabic) and developedthe decimal system and
concept of *ero.
e o en ge o e
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e o en ge o eGuptas
Under the Guptas, India enjoyed aUnder the Guptas, India enjoyed aperiod of great cultural achievement.period of great cultural achievement.
2
(rchitectureuilders designed magnificent
stone temples and dome-
shaped shrines called stupas.(rt
!ore styli*ed and abstract
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Mauryans and Guptas
compared oth control %ey economic aspects o$ societyD
trade routes etc.
1ealth goes to elites, as usual
Gupta &ere less centrali?ed
Mauryans (Hindu then uddhist
Guptas (7eturn to Hinduism
Maurya had larger empire
oth unite di!erse peoples under a single rule
A il 5i$
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Aamily 5i$e +he ideal was the joint family# in which extended
family all lived under one roof. +he family was patriarchal. +he father or oldest
male had absolute authority. ,amily wishes came before individual wishes.
arly on# children learned family duties# such asobedience of caste rules. arents had a duty to arrange good marriages for
their children# based on caste and family interests.
+he status and freedom of women decreased overtime. ( woman/s duties were to marry# obey her
husband# and raise children.
1h t th diti $ I di d i th G t
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1hat &as the condition o$ Indian &omen during the Gupta
Empire' 1hat important $actors a$$ected those &omens li!es'
Gupta literary &or%s re!eal 6
standing had declined noticeably since the -edic period. 9his decline &as due in large part to the emergence o$ a
nonagricultural middle class, &hich placed a high !alue on theac;uisition and inheritance o$ property.
1omen lost
the right to o&n and inherit property.
barred $rom participating in many religious ceremonies.
Marriage
(oung age practice intended to ensure that a &oman &ouldbeha!e according to her husbands &ishes.
7itual o$ Sati
9he most e:treme e:ample o$ Indian &omens position in &hicha &ido& &as e:pected to cremate hersel$ on her husbands
$uneral.
+i th th t l S th t i ti i t d i th
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+iscuss the &ays that early Southeast sia participated in the
&orld system.
5ocation
the strategic location o$ Southeast sia in the global traderoutes connecting China, India, and the Mediterranean. e:panded trade net&or%s and contributed goods 9he impressi!e na!igational s%ills riding the monsoon &inds and interpreting &a!e patterns,
clouds, s&ells, and &inds led them to e:plore the Indian and@aci$ic "ceans and %nit together the shores o$ India, East sia,and the islands o$ the @aci$ic.
7eligion Hinduuddhist culture ser!ed as a source o$ %no&ledge,
prestige, and legitimacy $or rulers 9hey $used Indian religious and political ideas and methods
&ith their o&n traditions to create a uni;ue culture. 5egacy
important role as a lin%age and contributor to the &orld systemby sailing and trading absorbing and sharing in the &orld