Ch. 7. Growth vs. Development Growth- changes in size such as weight & length Development- increases...
50
PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT OF INFANTS Ch. 7
Ch. 7. Growth vs. Development Growth- changes in size such as weight & length Development- increases and changes in physical, emotional, social, and intellectual
Growth vs. Development Growth- changes in size such as weight
& length Development- increases and changes in physical,
emotional, social, and intellectual skills. Heredity and
environment both play an important role in the babys growth and
development.
Slide 3
Patterns of Physical Development 3 different patterns 1. Head
to Foot Begins before birth and continues after birth The head
leads the development down to the feet EX 1: Head control EX 2:
Control of muscles- hands and arms before legs and feet
Slide 4
Patterns of Physical Development Near to Far Development starts
close to the body and goes outwards EX: Babies will first wave
their arms to get an object then eventually grab the object. Arms
Hands Fingers
Slide 5
Patterns of Physical Development Simple to Complex First
develop large muscle groups EX: neck, arms, torso, & legs As
babies strengthen and gain control over these muscles, they learn
to do increasingly complex tasks. Ex: controlling the head,
rolling, reaching, crawling
Slide 6
Developmental Milestone A key skill used to check a childs
progress Development experts have studied the range of ages to
determine the average ages at which children acquire certain
skills. Ex: A child may inherit a strong healthy body but becomes
sick for an extended period time which can delay certain
developmental milestones.
Slide 7
Heredity Referred to as NATURE Includes the physical makeup, or
structure, that a baby inherits from his or her parents. Inherit a
unique combination of genes Having certain genes does not mean a
person will automatically exhibit those traits. EX: someone may be
very gifted in music but if he/she does not get the opportunity to
sing or play their talent may never emerge.
Slide 8
Nutrition Proper nutrition is essential for: Essential
nutrients the body needs to grow and develop Affects bone strength,
brain development, & height. Can be at risk for illness,
delayed growth, or death if the baby does not get enough calories
or nutrients.
Slide 9
Health A baby who is healthy is more likely to: Eat well and
have energy to be active Have varied experiences that stimulate the
brain and aid in muscle development. Poor health at risk of falling
behind developmentally. Parents must provide good nutrition, a safe
environment, and regular medical check-ups/care
Slide 10
Brain Development Q: Is it the quantity or variety of
experiences a child has that impacts brain development? A: Both!
The baby needs a stimulating environment that provides a variety of
different experience and it should be done quite often. A
stimulating environment supports brain development.
Slide 11
Environment Know as NURTURE Includes influences such as
nutrition, amount of stimulation, health, and relationships.
Stimulating environment- an environment in which the baby has a
wide variety of things to see, taste, smell, hear, and touch.
Important for BRAIN Development An environment lacking in
stimulation can result in fewer or weaker connections in the brain
and delayed or slow development in other areas. (ex: language
skills)
Slide 12
Growth and Development During the First Year Triple in birth
weight Increase length by 50% Doctors use growth charts to
determine whether the baby is growing at a healthy pace Growth
chart- shows average height and weight of girls and boys at various
ages. Very few babies match the average measurements on growth
charts children grow at their own rate Doctors watch for a steady
pattern of growth.
Development During the 1 st Year Weight gain is one of the best
signs of good health Most newborns will lose 10% of birth weight in
the first 5 days. Length- babies are measured lying down. Body
Shape- Newborns tend to hold themselves in a tightly curled
position Proportion- refers to the relationship between different
parts of the body. A babys head grows rapidly during the first year
to accommodate the developing brain.
Slide 15
Understanding Averages Q: Explain when parents should become
concerned if their baby is above or below average in weight
according to growth charts? A: If they are not growing at a
consistent pattern or show progressive improvement in growth.
Slide 16
Senses Vision: Blurry at first then will increase within a week
or so. Can follow slow moving objects By 1 month, babies can focus
on objects up to 3 feet away By 6 months, eyesight reaches clarity
and sharpness of the adult level. Depth Perception- the ability to
perceive objects that are 3-D. At first infants can only see the
world in 2-D By the 2 nd month they can see 3-D
Slide 17
Senses Hearing Develops before birth Newborns respond to voice
tone than words By 7 months they recognize parents and other
caregivers by their voice Language development begins Touch
Newborns rely on the touch of others to teach them about their
environment Touch progresses throughout the first year
Slide 18
Senses Smell and Taste Both develop rapidly Within 10 days they
can distinguish their mother by smell Within 2 weeks babies can
taste the difference between different flavors (ex: water, sour,
sugar) Babies put anything and everything in their mouth to learn
about their world. Voice Start to babble vowel sounds as early as 3
months By 1 year, many babies can imitate speech sounds and
understand simple phrases
Slide 19
Reflexes Reflex- an instinctive, automatic response such as
sucking or grasping The Sucking Reflex Stimulated when something is
put in their mouth The Rooting Reflex Happens when the babys cheek
is stoked The Moro Reflex The baby will throw the arms back with
fist clenched when the arms are held and suddenly released Other
Automatic Reflexes Shutting eyes under a bright light, grabbing a
finger placed in the hand, stepping motion when feet touch
floor
Slide 20
Motor Skills Gross Motor Skills A skill that involves large
muscles of the body such as shoulders and legs EX: Skill- jumping
or running Fine Motor Skills Involves the smaller muscles of the
body such as fingers EX: Skill- using scissors or writing
Slide 21
Walking Q: At about what age do babies usually take their first
steps alone? A: 12 month
Slide 22
Hand-Eye Coordination The ability to move the hands and fingers
precisely in relation to what is seen An Essential skill for Eating
Catching a ball Color pictures Tie shoes Newborns have poor
hand-eye coordination Develops as vision and motor skills improve
(3-4mo.)
Slide 23
Caring For An Infant
Slide 24
Handling a Baby Holding the baby Support the babys neck Hold
baby close Smooth and gentle movements
Slide 25
Handling a Baby Shaken baby syndrome A condition that occurs
when someone severely shakes a baby, usually in an effort to make
him or her stop crying Can lead to: Cerebral palsy Mental
retardation Blindness Broken bones Injuries of the neck and spine
Death
Slide 26
A month-old baby will not stop crying. The parent is starting
to feel angry and is afraid of losing control. What would you
recommend? - Put the baby down in a safe place, go into another
room, take some deep breaths - Ask a friend or relative to care for
the baby for a few hours - Call someone and talk about the problems
- Call a parenting hotline
Slide 27
Bedtime Routines Safety precautions: Remove pillows, fluffy
blankets, puffy bumper pads, and stuffed toys Can cause suffocation
Place baby face up in crib What will this prevent from
happening?
Slide 28
Bedtime Routines What if the baby continues to cry? Choice one:
Cry it out Leaving the baby alone to let them cry themselves to
sleep Choice two: Comfort the baby Hold and comfort the baby
immediately Choice three: Combination of one and two Go to the baby
after a few minutes, offer comfort without picking up the baby then
Repeat the sequences if the baby continues to cry Dont let the baby
cry more than 15 minutes
Slide 29
Feeding an Infant Introducing solid food Four to six months
Choose foods that are soft and easy to chew and swallow Avoid salty
foods Foods that work well: Watery rice cereals Strained fruits and
vegetable Amount of solid foods consumed should increase over
time
Slide 30
Feeding an Infant Babys under the age of one should not be fed
cows milk Hard to digest Babies under six months should not drink
fruit juice Promotes tooth decay May curve or limit a childs
appetite Should be water down
Slide 31
Feeding an Infant Review What are three advantages of breast
feeding?
Slide 32
Feeding an Infant Possible reasons for using formula Mother may
not be able to breast feed Father can participate Socially
acceptable in public Convenient
Slide 33
Feeding an Infant Babies should eat until they are satisfied
Healthy babies usually eat only the amount they need Overeating is
generally not an issue
Slide 34
Feeding an Infant Self-feeding Eight or tens month Finger foods
Small pieces of food that can easily be picked up with fingers and
eaten Foods to avoid Raw vegetables Hot dogs Nuts Peanut butter
Whole grapes Candy, Chips Pretzels Popcorn
Slide 35
Feeding an Infant Burping the baby Babies swallow air as they
drink Must burp to expel air Burp the baby at least twice
throughout the feeding Find a comfortable position to burp a baby
Gently pat baby on the back Protect your clothing
Slide 36
Feeding an Infant Weaning Changing from drinking from the
bottle or breast to a cup Around one year in age Signs that they
are ready to be weaned Playing or looking around while feeding
Pushing the breast or bottle away Showing a preference for eating
solids
Slide 37
Feeding an Infant Introducing Solid Food New foods should be
introduced at least four days apart to figure out which food is the
problem Sign to look for is there is a problem with food Rashes
Digestive trouble Allergic reaction
Slide 38
Feeding an Infant Malnutrition Inadequate nutrition Not
receiving enough of the right types of foods Medical
conditions
Slide 39
Dressing a Baby Dressing for the weather Dress in one more
layer than an older child or adult Babies lose heat more easily
than adults but are also sensitive to overheating
Slide 40
Dressing a Baby Choosing Clothing Not too snug but not too
large Comfort and ease is most important Snaps, cuffs, buttons,
elastic waistbands
Slide 41
Infant Health and Wellness
Slide 42
Keeping the Baby Clean Two Types : Sponge Bath Until naval
heals Tub bath Two-three months of age Bath should occur two or
three times a week
Slide 43
Cradle cap Skin condition known for yellowish, crusty patches
on the scalp Treatment: Wash scalp daily with mild shampoo
Slide 44
Diapering a Baby Very young babies may need changes 12-15 times
a day Diaper rash Patches of rough, red, irritated skin in the
diaper area Treatment: Mild cases: frequent changes Severe cases:
medicated cream
Slide 45
Steps to Changing a Diaper 1. Remove the diaper 2. Clean the
baby Using a damp washcloth or disposable wipe 3. Put on a fresh
diaper Hold the babys ankles and lift the body to slide the diaper
underneath the baby 4. Dispose of used supplies
Slide 46
Teeth Develop around the 6th week of pregnancy Begin to break
through around 6 months or later Teething The process of the teeth
pushing their way through the gums Signs of teething Gums swell and
become tender Baby become cranky Fuss during feedings Drool a lot
Low-grade fever Want to chew on hard items
Slide 47
Infant Safety Concerns Choking Suffocation Water accidents
Falls Poisoning Burns Sun Animals How can you reduce the risk of
injury from the above categories?
Slide 48
Regular Checkups Checkups usually scheduled Two or three days
after birth 1 month 2 months 4 months 6 months 9 months 12
months
Slide 49
The Importance of Immunization Immunizations A shot of a small
amount of a dead or weak disease- carrying germ given so the body
may build resistance to the disease After being immunized, the body
produces antibodies to fight off the germs from the disease
Slide 50
Common Immunizations Hepatitis B Tetanus Polio Measles, Mumps,
Rubella Vercelli (Chicken pox) Influenza Hepatitis A