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8/6/2019 Ch. 6 - Civil Rights and Public Policy (Class)
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8/6/2019 Ch. 6 - Civil Rights and Public Policy (Class)
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INTRODUCTION
Civil Rights
Definition: Policies designed to protect people against arbitrary or discriminatory
treatment by government officials or individuals.
Racial Discrimination
Gender Discrimination
Discrimination based on age, disability, sexual orientation and other factors
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INTRODUCTION
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TWO CENTURIES OF STRUGGLE
Conceptions ofEquality
Equal opportunity
Equal results
Early American Views ofEquality
The Constitution and Inequality
14th Amendment: equal protection ofthe laws.
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RACE, THE CONSTITUTION, AND PUBLIC
POLICYThe Era ofSlavery
Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)
The Civil War
The Thirteenth Amendment
The Era ofReconstruction and Resegregation
Jim Crow laws
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
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RACE, THE CONSTITUTION,
AND PUBLIC POLICY
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RACE, THE CONSTITUTION,
AND PUBLIC POLICY
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RACE, THE CONSTITUTION, AND PUBLIC
POLICYThe Era ofCivil Rights
Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
Court ordered integration and busing ofstudents
Civil Rights Act of1964
Made racial discrimination illegal in many areas
Created EEOC
Strengthened voting right legislation
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RACE, THE CONSTITUTION,
AND PUBLIC POLICY
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RACE, THE CONSTITUTION, AND PUBLIC
POLICYGetting and Using the Right To Vote
Suffrage: The legal right to vote.
Fifteenth Amendment: Extended suffrage to African Americans
Poll Taxes: Small taxes levied on the right to vote.
White Primary: Only whites were allowed to vote in the party primaries.
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RACE, THE CONSTITUTION, AND PUBLIC
POLICYGetting and Using the Right To Vote
Smith v. Allwright (1944): ended white primaries.
Twenty-fourth Amendment: Eliminated poll taxes for federal elections.
Harper v. Virginia State Board of Elections (1966): no poll taxes at all.
Voting Rights Act of1965: Helped end formal and informal barriers to voting.
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RACE, THE CONSTITUTION, AND PUBLIC
POLICYOther Minority Groups
Native Americans
Santa Clara Pueblo v. Martinez(1978)
Hispanic Americans
Mexican American Legal Defense and Education Fund
Asian Americans
Korematsu v. United States (1944)
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WOMEN, THE CONSTITUTION, AND
PUBLIC POLICYThe Battlefor the Vote
Nineteenth Amendment: Extended suffrage to women in 1920.
The Doldrums: 1920-1960
Laws were designed to protect women, and protect men from competition with
women.
The Second Feminist Wave
Reed v. Reed (1971)
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,
CONSTITUTION, AND PUBLIC
POLICY
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WOMEN, THE CONSTITUTION, AND
PUBLIC POLICYThe Second Feminist Wave, continued
Craig v. Boren (1976)
Draft is not discriminatory
Women in the Workplace
WageDiscrimination and Comparable Worth
Women in the Military
Sexual Harassment
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NEWLY ACTIVE GROUPS UNDER THE
CIVIL RIGHTS UMBRELLACivil Rights and the Graying ofAmerica
Civil Rights and People With Disabilities
Americans with Disabilities Act of1990
Gay and Lesbian Rights
Bowers v. Hardwick(1986)
Lawrence v. Texas (2003)
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AFFIRMATIVE ACTION
Definition:
A policy designed to give special attention to or compensatory treatment ofmembers ofsome previously disadvantaged group.
A move towards equal results?
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978)
Adarand Constructors v. Pena (1995)
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UNDERSTANDING CIVIL RIGHTS AND
PUBLIC POLICYCivil Rights and Democracy
Equality favors majority rule.
Suffrage gave many groups political power.
Civil Rights and the Scope ofGovernment
Civil rights laws increase the size ofgovernment.
Civil rights protect individuals.