Ch 5 Geospatial Info and Analysis

8/3/2019 Ch 5 Geospatial Info and Analysis

1/48

Al Gore, The Digital Earth speech, California Science Center, Los Angeles, January 31,1998

Imagine a young child going to a Digital Earth exhibit at a local museum. After donning a head-mounted

display, she sees Earth as it appears from space. Using a data glove, she zooms in, using higher and higher

levels of resolution, to see continents, then regions, countries, cities, and finally individual houses, trees, andother natural and man-made objects. Having found an area of the planet she is interested in exploring, she

takes the equivalent of a "magic carpet ride" through a 3-D visualization of the terrain. Of course, terrain is

only one of the many kinds of data with which she can interact. Using the systems' voice recognition

capabilities, she is able to request information on land cover, distribution of plant and animal species,

realtime weather, roads, political boundaries, and population. She can also visualize the environmental

information that she and other students all over the world have collected as part of the GLOBE project. This

information can be seamlessly fused with the digital map or terrain data. She can get more information on

many of the objects she sees by using her data glove to click on a hyperlink. To prepare for her family's

vacation to Yellowstone National Park, for example, she plans the perfect hike to the geysers, bison, and

bighorn sheep that she has just read about. In fact, she can follow the trail visually from start to finish before

she ever leaves the museum in her hometown.

She is not limited to moving through space, but can also travel through time. After taking a virtual field-tripto Paris to visit the Louvre, she moves backward in time to learn about French history, perusing digitized

maps overlaid on the surface of the Digital Earth, newsreel footage, oral history, newspapers and other

primary sources. She sends some of this information to her personal e-mail address to study later. The time-

line, which stretches off in the distance, can be set for days, years, centuries, or even geological epochs, for

those occasions when she wants to learn more about dinosaurs, (or forward in time to view scenarios for

those occasions when she wants to see what the future may hold and what she can do about it).


2/48

The Geospatial Revolution http://geospatialrevolution.psu.edu/
http://geospatialrevolution.psu.edu/http://geospatialrevolution.psu.edu/


3/48


4/48

Considerations and Pitfalls in Use of Data

and InformationForm

Scale

Accuracy

Coverage

Completeness

Age

ConfidentialityMaintenance

Paper trail to sources

Appropriateness

Communication


5/48

Form of Data Accuracy of Data


6/48

Age of Data Confidentiality of Data

Tax parcel boundaries change often

Geologic maps rarely change


7/48

Maps

Maps are graphic descriptions of the surface featuresof the land drawn to scale.

Map scale is the relationship of distance

on the map to distance on the land


8/48

Large scale (larger ratio)

maps show

less area and more detail

Small scale (smaller ratio)

maps show

more area and less detail


9/48


10/48

Remote Sensing Information:

Aerial Photos and Satellite ImageryRemote sensing is the observation or measurement of datafrom a distance.

Remote sensing technologies detect electromagnetic radiant

energy reflected or emitted from objects and land surfaces,which can be interpreted and analyzed to reveal

characteristics about the objects.


11/48

Aerial Photos: Oblique and Vertical


12/48

Orthophotoquad


13/48


14/48

Wavelength of Reflected Solar Radiation

Varies depending on the Type of Surface


15/48

ColorInfrared

DOQQ


16/48

Thematic Map: Land Use-Land Cover


17/48


18/48


19/48

Revolution in

Satellite Remote Sensing

Enhanced resolutionpixel size to 1 meter

square Larger number of wavelength bands

Increased frequency - return time to 1 day

Data compression capabilities Availability of images and data online

Analytical capabilities: GIS

D t C i


20/48

See www.Vargis.comData Compression


21/48


22/48


23/48

Sensors in the

satellite measure

radiation data

in different

Spectral Bands

and those data

can be combinedto reveal the

land cover


24/48

ASTER SensorTerra Satellite


25/48


26/48

Subsets from the National Land Use Change Retrofit Product:

Mountaintop mining area near Beckley (WV) changed

from forest to barren and grass/shrub.


27/48

Development area in suburban Las Vegas changed

from grass/shrub and barren to urban


28/48


29/48

Interactive maps online Web Soil Survey (USDA, NRCS)

http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov/app/HomePage.htm

Flood Map Service (FEMA) http://msc.fema.gov/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/FemaWelcomeView?storeId=10001&catalogId=10001&langId=-1

Topo maps/Aerial photos (USGS) http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod/aerial.html; http://nationalmap.gov/gio/viewonline.html

Google Earth (http://earth.google.com/)

Wetlands Online Mapper (USFWS) http://www.fws.gov/wetlands/Data/Mapper.html

EnviroMapper (EPA) (http://www.epa.gov/enviro/html/em/)

Local government parcel and planning maps

http://arcims2.webgis.net/blacksburg/default.asp
http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov/app/HomePage.htmhttp://msc.fema.gov/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/FemaWelcomeView?storeId=10001&catalogId=10001&langId=-1http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod/aerial.htmlhttp://nationalmap.gov/gio/viewonline.htmlhttp://earth.google.com/http://www.fws.gov/wetlands/Data/Mapper.htmlhttp://www.epa.gov/enviro/html/em/http://arcims2.webgis.net/blacksburg/default.asphttp://arcims2.webgis.net/blacksburg/default.asphttp://www.epa.gov/enviro/html/em/http://www.fws.gov/wetlands/Data/Mapper.htmlhttp://earth.google.com/http://nationalmap.gov/gio/viewonline.htmlhttp://www.usgs.gov/pubprod/aerial.htmlhttp://msc.fema.gov/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/FemaWelcomeView?storeId=10001&catalogId=10001&langId=-1http://msc.fema.gov/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/FemaWelcomeView?storeId=10001&catalogId=10001&langId=-1http://msc.fema.gov/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/FemaWelcomeView?storeId=10001&catalogId=10001&langId=-1http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov/app/HomePage.htm


30/48


31/48

How GIS works Links map features to tables ofattributes

Access the attributes for any map feature

Locate any feature from its attributes

Manage sets of features & attributes as themes


32/48

Components Data

Software

Hardware

Methods

People


33/48

The Rise of GIS

Software advances: ESRI, other software

Computer power, speed, affordability

Plotting and printing advances

Data quality, availability, affordability


34/48

The Power of GIS Visualization and Presentation

Data Integration: existing maps, remotesensing, GPS field data

Analysis of data layers: query, proximity,composite

GIS as a participation tool


35/48


36/48

Vector Points (manhole, hydrants)

Lines (roads, rivers)

Polygons/areas (watershed, counties)

Advantage

Precise Visual appeal


37/48

Raster Grid cells

Rows + columns (like image)

Topology is inherent

Advantage

Fast overlay and spatial analysis


38/48

Integrate Data Sources


39/48


40/48


41/48

Spatial Data Analysis Overlay, Proximity, 3-D, Spatial modeling,

Visualization


42/48

Spatial modeling


43/48

Example: Historic and projected Urban Edge in Phoenix


44/48

Portland


45/48

Mash ups:


46/48

Mash-ups:

Integrating data sources


47/48

Integrating Social Networks and

Geospatial Datahttp://www.esri.com/services/disaster-response/gulf-oil-spill-2010/index.html
http://www.esri.com/services/disaster-response/gulf-oil-spill-2010/index.htmlhttp://www.esri.com/services/disaster-response/gulf-oil-spill-2010/index.htmlhttp://www.esri.com/services/disaster-response/gulf-oil-spill-2010/index.htmlhttp://www.esri.com/services/disaster-response/gulf-oil-spill-2010/index.htmlhttp://www.esri.com/services/disaster-response/gulf-oil-spill-2010/index.htmlhttp://www.esri.com/services/disaster-response/gulf-oil-spill-2010/index.htmlhttp://www.esri.com/services/disaster-response/gulf-oil-spill-2010/index.htmlhttp://www.esri.com/services/disaster-response/gulf-oil-spill-2010/index.htmlhttp://www.esri.com/services/disaster-response/gulf-oil-spill-2010/index.htmlhttp://www.esri.com/services/disaster-response/gulf-oil-spill-2010/index.html


48/48

Geospatial Revolution Episode 2:

http://geospatialrevolution.psu.edu/
http://geospatialrevolution.psu.edu/http://geospatialrevolution.psu.edu/

Documents

Ch 5 Geospatial Info and Analysis