CH. 37.3

V I D E O C L I P

H T T P : / /W W W . Y O U T U B E . C O M / W A T C H ? V = O 2 O C G G J B I U K

Respiratory system

Function

exchange of oxygen

and

carbon dioxide

between the blood,

the air.

Cellular level Organism level

the release of energy:from the breakdown of glucose in the presence of oxygen.

gas exchange:

Respiration

The respiratory system consists of

nose pharynx larynx trachea bronchi lungs

Air entering

the respiratory system

must be:

warmed, moistened, and filtered.

Mucus moistens air and traps particles of dust or smoke.

Cilia sweep particles and mucus to the throat.

Mucus and particles are either swallowed or spit out.

pollen

dust

mucus

Pollution

SmogCoalAsbestos

The Pharynx 1st The Larynx

serves as a passageway for both air and food.

It is at the top of the trachea.

contains two elastic folds of tissue:

vocal cords.

Pharynx vs. Larynx

COVERS THE ENTRANCE TO THE TRACHEA WHEN YOU SWALLOW.

The epiglottis:

Don’t speak: while you are eating!!!

Why

chocking

http://auditoryneuroscience.com/?q=vocal_folds

V I D E H T T P: / /W W W . Y O U T U B E . C O M / W AT C H ? V = X S S D E E Y _ 0 X C

Vocal cords

• TWO LARGE A IR PASSAGES

• EACH LEADS INTO ONE OF THE LUNGS

• SUBDI V I DE = BRANCH I NTO

BRONCHIOLES

The 2 Bronchi(bronchus singular)

INCREASE SURFACE AREA

• APPROXIMATELY A TENNIS COURT SURFACE AREA

Purpose of branching?

Functional units of the lungs

ALVEOLI

MILLIONS OF TINY AIR SACS AT THE END OF THE BRONCHIOLES

IS WHERE

THE GAS EXCHANGE TAKES PLACE

Alveolus

O2 from the alveoli diffuses into the blood

O2

CO2

CO2 in the blood diffuses into the alveolus.

Respiratory and circulatory systems work together

Hemoglobin

Protein present in red blood cells

It has Fe (iron)

heme part

that binds to O2

FLAT MUSCLE

THAT SEPARATES

THE ABDOMINAL CAVITY FROM

THE THORACIC CAVITY.

H T T P : / /W W W. Y O U T U B E . C O M / WAT C H ? V = H P- G C V W 8 P RY

What is the diaphragm?

The movement of air

into and out of the lungs.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hHQBFFu2ekw

Is driven by air pressure:

∆ the diaphragm contracts

∆ This expands the volume of the chest cavity.

∆ Creating a partial vacuum inside the cavity.

Breathing

The medulla oblongata

Controls breathing

Monitors carbon dioxide in the blood.

As carbon dioxide increases, nerve impulses make the diaphragm contract, bringing air into the lungs.

The higher the carbon dioxide level, the stronger the impulses.

is most often caused by smoking and long-term exposure to air pollution.

Lung tissue

looses elasticity

alveoli are unable to hold their functional shape upon exhalation.

Emphysema

Lung cancer is deadly because its cells can spread to other locations.

Lung cancer