CH. 3

The Growth of a Young Nation

1

Journal

Do you have a person (s) in your life who has the final say on what you are allowed to do? How do you feel about such an arrangement?

2

Jefferson’s Presidency

Thomas Jefferson (Democratic – Republicans) vs. President John Adams (Federalist Party)

1800 Jefferson defeats Adams by 8 electoral votes

Aaron Burr receives same number of votes as Jefferson

House of Reps. votes for Jefferson12th Amendment – separate ballots for pres. +

vice – pres.

3

Jefferson’s Presidency

Jeffersonian republicanism – people should control the govt. + and a simple govt. was best Reduce taxes Decrease navy/army

Marbury v. Madison (1803) Pres. Adams appoints Federalist judges to federal courts Congress’ Judiciary Act of 1789

Madison (Sec. of State) would have to deliver the documents Supreme Court declared this act unconstitutional

Established principle of judicial review Supreme Court determines constitutionality of the law Legislative and executive actions can be reviewed

4

Jefferson’s Presidency

Louisiana Purchase 1803 Jefferson bought 800,000 square miles of land = $15

million Constitution did not address how territory should be

added Doubled size of the U.S.

5

6

7

Madison and the War of 1812

Causes 1804-1814 – British policy of impressment

Drafting men from another country’s ships for British navy Officials in British Canada supplied guns to Native

Americans

1812 Congress approves Madison’s declaration of war Not much support in America British preoccupied with Napoleon 1814 British sack Washington, D.C. 1815 Andrew Jackson defeats British at Battle of New

Orleans

8

Madison and the War of 1812

End of Federalists PartyGrowth of American industriesConfirmed status of the U.S. as an

independent nation

9

Nationalism Shapes Foreign Policy

President James Monroe Secretary of state (foreign policy) John Quincy Adams

Nationalism – national interests are more important than regional concerns Joint occupation of Oregon territory with Britain Negotiated Adams – Onis Treaty with Spain

Florida added to U.S.

10

Nationalism Shapes Foreign Policy

The Monroe Doctrine Spain and Portugal move back into old colonial

territories Russians in Alaska = threat to American trade with

China Americans wanted Northern Mexico Monroe – Europeans should not create new colonies in

western hemisphere “dangerous to our peace and saftey”

11

Assignment Ch. 3 Section 1

1. How did Jefferson’s actions reflect his theory of government?

2. Why was the principle of judicial review important for the future of the Supreme Court?

3. Do you think the Monroe Doctrine would be a source of peace or conflict for the U.S.? Why?

12

Answers

1. He cut taxes, reduced expenses, simplified the govt.

2. Supreme Court could review acts of Congress Maintained the checks and balance system created by

the Constitution

3. Peace – if it prevented foreign nations from intruding upon U.S. territory Conflict – if foreign nations ignored the Monroe

Doctrine and were forced into armed conflict to defend its interest

13

THE AGE OF JACKSON

Section 2 14

Journal

1. Why was the Lewis and Clarke expedition important?

2. What was John Adams accused of doing by the Democratic-Republicans in the election of 1800?

3. What did the Supreme Court rule in Marbury v. Madison?

4. How did President Monroe respond to countries like Portugal and Spain when they tried to reclaim their former colonies in the Western Hemisphere?

15

1. explore the new territory the U.S. had acquired

2. wanted to increase the power of the executive branch a lot (like a monarch)

3. S. Court interprets the Constitution, not the legislature

4. Issued the Monroe Doctrine5.

16

Regional Economies Create Differences

Industrial Revolution – large scale production of goods -> factories -> change in social + economic organization

Northeast = one or two crops/livestock -> sell them and buy items produced in Northern factories

South = “Cotton Kingdom” 700,000 – 1.5 million slaves

17

Balancing Nationalism and Sectionalism

President Madison and Henry Clay promote the “American System” Recharter the national bank Make travel easier Tariff of 1816 (tax English/foreign imports)

Missouri Compromise (1821) – North and South argue about Missouri being admitted as free or slave state

18

19

Jacksonian Democracy

“Man of the people” “Old hickory” 1828 – more than 1 million white males voted

for president Spoils system

Common people given a chance to partake in govt.

20

Jacksonian Democracy

Indian Removal Act – 1830 Federal govt. provides money to negotiate treaties

with N. Americans to move west Worcester v. Georgia 1832

Georgia could not invade or regulate Cherokee land

Trail of Tears Cherokees sent on 800 mile journey on foot More than 25% of 15,000 die

21

22

Assignment Ch. 3 Sec. 2

TRUE/FALSE 1. Industry first took hold in the South because

agriculture there was not highly profitable and many citizens were ready to embrace new forms of government.

2. The emergence of cotton as a major crop in the South led to the need for more field laborers and thus the growth of industry.

3. Under the Missouri Compromise the Louisiana Territory was divided into two parts – one slave, one free.

4. What were Andrew Jackson’s beliefs and actions regarding the Indian Removal Act?

23

Nullification and the Bank War

Congress increases the Tariff of 1816Reduced British exports to U.S. Britain bought less cottonSouth forced to buy Northern goodsCalhoun tries to nullify (make ineffective) the

treatyEach state should determine if an act of

Congress was validSouth Carolina threatens to secede (leave)

the Union

24

Chapter 3 Section 3

Manifest Destiny

25

Settling the Frontier

Manifest Destiny = the belief that the United States was ordained (predestined) by God to expand to the Pacific Ocean

Practical reasonsPanic of 1837Sante Fe Trail – Missouri to Sante Fe, N.

MexicoOregon Trail – Missouri to Oregon City,

Oregon 1847 Mormons – NY to Salt Lake City, Utah

26

Texan Independence

Mexican independence 1821 from SpainAmerican and Mexican settlers move into TexasProtestant Anglos with slaves vs. MexicansAmericans move into the Alamo (a mission in San

Antonio), declare independence, and all 187 of them are killed

Sam Houston and Texans respond 6 weeks later “Remember the Alamo” Houston becomes president of the new Republic of

TexasTexas enters the Union in 1845

27

The War with Mexico

Dispute over Rio Grande or Nueces River

U.S. military goes into Mexican territory

American settlers seize Sonoma, California 1846

1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo $15 million for California,

Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, most of Arizona, parts of Colorado +Wyoming

Gadsen Purchase – small part of Arizona Establishes current borders

of U.S.

28

California Gold Rush

1848 gold discovered near saw mill near San Francisco

1849 – population reaches 100,000 (400 in 1848)

Economy growsHorace Greely, editor of New York Tribune,

“Go west, young man”

29

Section 4 and 5

Market Revolution and Reforming American Society

30

Market Revolution

People increasingly bought and sold goods rather than make them for themselves

Free enterprise – the freedom of private businesses to operate competitively for profit with little govt. regulation

Entrepreneurs – businessman invest their own money in new industries

1837 Samuel F.B. Morse invests telegraph Steam boats, canals, steam-powered trains

31

32

Market Revolution

More manufacturing jobs -> better goods, more supply-> lower prices

Travel between regions is easierNortheast becomes industrializedLowell textile mills

12 hour work days for womenStrikes were unsuccessful

National Trades’ Union 1834 Commonwealth v. Hunt – workers right to strike 1842 3 million immigrants 1845-1854 1 million Irish immigrants Catholic + poor

33

34

Reforming American Society

The Second Great Awakening Christian movement to awaken religious sentiments

(1790s-1830s) Revival meetings Unitarians – emphasized reason Ralph Waldo Emerson Transcendentalism – truth -> discovered by relating it

to one’s own emotional and spiritual experience The African American Church

35

Reforming American Society

Abolition – 1820s – the movement to free African Americans from slavery Emigration to Africa William Lloyd Garrison – The Liberator

Immediate emancipation Fredrick Douglas

No violence The North Star

Most African Americans in the South were slaves Nat Turner – slave revolt -> Virginia -> 60 whites die Bible = used to defend slavery

36

Women and Reform

AbolitionistsTemperance movement – no alcoholDorothea Dix – mentally disabled/prison

reformEmma Willard – school for girls in Troy, NYElizabeth Cathy Stanton + Lucretia Mott –

women’s right conventionSojourner Truth – former slave

37